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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the US, the life time odds of developing breast cancer has reached one in eight, with an incidence rate of 85 per 100,000 world population. The rate is half or less in women in some Mediterranean countries. At the extreme are rural African women whose rate is approximately 5-10 per 100,000. In African, compared with White women, protective factors include (1) reproductive behaviour, namely, slower growth before and after puberty, later age at menarche, high teenage pregnancy, high parity and long periods of lactation and amenorrhoea and (2) a diet of relatively low energy intake and of low-fat and high-fibre contents. In the Mediterranean setting, major dietary protective factors include a relatively low intake of saturated fat and high intakes of monounsaturated fat and of vegetables and fruit. Among White women, a reversion to protective reproductive behaviour is out of the question. Only in respect of diet, could significant avoiding action be taken. Adoption of an African type diet is wholly impracticable. Moreover, even conformation to a former Mediterranean diet, which is already changing, would be difficult, requiring reorientation of fat composition and large rises in intakes of vegetable and fruit. However, with resolution, were such changes made, at least by the very vulnerable, they would help, additionally, to protect against other diet-related cancers, especially colon cancer and against coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Is breast cancer avoidable? Could dietary changes help? 857 64

The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea and associated factors thereof in premenopausal female patients diagnosed with colon cancer. Premenopausal female patients under the age of 50 years who were diagnosed with stages I, II, and III colon cancer were included. A questionnaire surveying personal history including menarche, comorbidities, drugs, other clinical features, and menstrual history during and after completion of chemotherapy was filled by the patients during outpatient visits. Patients who received pelvic radiotherapy were excluded from the study. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. Eleven patients had been treated with surgery alone, and 49 patients had received adjuvant chemotherapy with either fluorouracil (5-FU) alone (n=22) or 5-FU+oxaliplatin (n=27). The frequency of persistent amenorrhea 1 year after receiving chemotherapy was 20% in the whole group, 18% in patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU alone, and 22% in patients who had received chemotherapy with 5-FU+oxaliplatin. Frequency of persistent amenorrhea was 3.5% in patients under the age of 44 years and 42.8% in patients aged 44 years and older. Multivariate analysis showed that age of 44 years and older (hazard ratio: 29.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.8-309.2, P=0.005) and menarche age of 14 years and older (hazard ratio: 7.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-49, P=0.076) were significantly associated with increased risk of persistent amenorrhea. In this study, we found that the frequency of persistent amenorrhea was 20% in patients who received 5-FU monotherapy or oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy protocols in colon cancer treatment. Older age and later menarche were the factors that increased the risk of persistent amenorrhea 1 year after chemotherapy.
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PMID:The frequency and predictors of persistent amenorrhea in premenopausal women with colorectal cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy. 3064 Jul 91