Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of sebaceous gland neoplasms with visceral carcinomas, first described by Muir and Torre, has become widely recognized. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of malignancy, other associated diseases, and familial carcinoma in patients who had one or more cutaneous lesions within the spectrum of sebaceous adenoma, epithelioma, or carcinoma. Our histopathology files contained tissue from 59 such cases. Overlap between the categories was common, often precluding precise histologic classification. Of the 59 patients, 25 (42%) had one or more primary visceral malignancies. These totaled at least 49, of which 25 were colonic, 9 urogenital, 5 hematologic, 4 breast, and 6 miscellaneous. Fifteen patients (25%) had colonic polyps, most often multiple; and at least one primary carcinoma of the colon appeared in 10 of these, initially or later. Other less common findings included uterine fibroids, thyroid adenomas, and benign renal cysts. A family history of carcinoma was found in 72% of cases with visceral malignancy, most often of the colon and stomach. We conclude that sebaceous neoplasms form a histologic continuum, and strong associations with colonic polyps, internal malignancy, and a family history of carcinoma are apparent.
 ...
PMID:Sebaceous gland tumors and systemic disease: a clinicopathologic analysis. 673 44

We have developed a method for the routine primary culture of human colonic epithelial cells. Cultured cells exhibited characteristic epithelial structures, including a brush border and junctional complexes. Flask-like goblet cells containing mucus were also seen within the epithelial monolayer. [3H]Thymidine labeling indices were used to distinguish between cultured cells from familial polyposis patients, other patients at high risk to develop colon cancer, and low-risk control subjects. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 10 ng/ml enhanced DNA synthesis an average of 8-fold when assayed by labeling index in colonic epithelial cells from five of six familial polyposis patients. No such stimulation by TPA was seen in cells from 13 high-risk patients without familial polyposis or in cells from five low-risk subjects. Hundreds of benign polyps can be found in the colons of familial polyposis patients. One such benign tubular adenoma exhibited the same enhancement of DNA synthesis by TPA as normal-appearing epithelial cells from a biopsy adjacent to that polyp. Mitogenic response to TPA had been seen earlier in cells from each of four tubular adenomas (Friedman, E. Cancer Res., 41: 4588-4599, 1981). Both familial polyposis epithelial cells and adenoma cells are considered preneoplastic, but they are not identical because their patterns of actin cytoskeletal organization differ. These results imply that familial polyposis epithelial cells are precursors of tubular adenoma cells, and their transition to the more advanced preneoplastic cells of this benign tumor is influenced by endogeneous tumor promoters.
 ...
PMID:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultured preneoplastic familial polyposis colonic epithelial cells but not in normal colonic epithelial cells. 674 21

Magnifying fiber-colonoscopy reveals that adenoma, minute carcinomatous lesion in an adenoma (which is termed focal carcinoma), and mucosal carcinoma of the colon, each has its own characteristic pit pattern. Inspection by dissecting microscope of resected specimens obtained from subjects whose colonic mucosa had been considered normal, often reveals an abnormal pit pattern of less than 1 mm, and subsequent histologic examination confirms the frequent presence of incipient adenoma. Clinical magnification inspection of areas of colonic mucosa considered normal on the basis of ordinary observation, reveals pit patterns identical to those seen in resected specimens.
 ...
PMID:A clinicopathological study of minute polypoid lesions of the colon based on magnifying fiber-colonoscopy and dissecting microscopy. 699 Dec 50

Two hundred and twenty seven patients had multiple follow-up total colonoscopies after initial endoscopic polypectomy. All adenomas were removed at the initial examination ('clean colon') in those patients who had no history of colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or polyposis coli; when re-endoscoped within one year 56% of them were found to have further adenomas. Nine percent had adenomas over 10 mm diameter which are presumed to have been missed during the index colonoscopy. Patients with single or multiple adenomas had an equal likelihood of being found to have further lesions on a one-year follow-up colonoscopy. With an apparent chance of missing a significant-size polyp at colonoscopy of at least 10% we recommend that all patients have a follow-up colonoscopy within one year after polypectomy. 133 Patients in whom no adenomas were found at the one year colonoscopy ('negative colonoscopy') were followed up. The incidence of new adenomas occurring within four years of 'negative colonoscopy' was 35% for those with a single adenoma at the index examination and twice as high for patients with multiple adenomas. If no polyp is found at one year, we recommend that interval follow-up colonoscopies should be performed every two years if more than one adenoma was removed during the initial examination, and every three years if only one was removed.
 ...
PMID:Surveillance intervals after colonoscopic polypectomy. 707 64

Incidence and mortality of the carcinoma of the large intestine increase also in the GDR. Carcinomas mostly develop in adenomas of the large intestine in the course of several years. Nowadays the adenoma-carcinoma-sequence is regarded as ascertained. The environmental influences are of decisive importance for the genesis of the colon carcinoma. Apart from this also genetic factors play a part. Villous adenomas more frequently show malignant structures than tubular adenomas. In large adenomas with a diameter of more than 20 mm more frequently invasive carcinomas (20-40%) are found than in small adenomas with a diameter of less than 10 mm (1%). From this is to be derived the demand of the removal of all adenomas of the large intestine with a diameter larger than 5 mm. The method of choice of the treatment is the polypectomy and the technique with the diathermy loop.
 ...
PMID:[Cancer and polyps of the large intestine]. 722 42

Faecal 3-hydroxy bile acids were assayed enzymatically in patients with carcinoma, or at increased risk of developing carcinoma of the large bowel. No rise in bile acid concentration was demonstrated in patients with ulcerative colitis, previously resected adenoma, or resected carcinoma. Patients with carcinoma, before treatment, had faecal bile acid concentrations similar to control values, and surgery did not affect the mean level. These findings cast doubt on the importance of the 3-hydroxy bile acid concentration in the faeces in the pathogenesis of large bowel cancer.
 ...
PMID:Faecal bile acid concentration of patients with carcinoma or increased risk of carcinoma in the large bowel. 742 21

Screening colonoscopy is always indicated when rectosigmoidoscopy reveals an adenoma, since this lesion roughly doubles the patient's risk of contracting colonic cancer. Follow-up should be performed at intervals of about three years after endoscopic removal of all colorectal polyps. Repeated screening examinations are recommended for the following genetic diseases that carry an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and its genetic variant, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) and hamartomatous polyposis syndromes (e.g. Peutz-Jeghers). Also in the case of familial "sporadic" carcinoma of the colon, regular screening colonoscopies for first degree relatives are recommended. Although the use of regular screening colonoscopies in patients with a long history of extensive ulcerative colitis is controversial, the recent results support such examinations. While the benefit of screening colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy of the general population from the age of 50 onward must be affirmed, it should be weighed against the costs involved in such an undertaking. At the present time, the American Cancer Society recommends that from the age of 50 onward, the annual fecal test for occult blood should be supplemented by sigmoidoscopy performed every three to five years.
 ...
PMID:[Effectiveness and costs of screening colonoscopy]. 749 61

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: acetate, propionate, n-butyrate) arising in the large bowel during bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre and starch have paradoxical effects on colonic epithelial proliferation. While the three major SCFAs stimulate proliferation of normal crypt cells, n-butyrate and, to a lesser degree, propionate inhibit growth of colon cancer cell lines. At the molecular level, n-butyrate causes histone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expression of various oncogenes. To understand the complex effects of SCFAs on carcinogenesis, it is important to study the intermediate stages of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence where a "switch" from stimulation to suppression of cell proliferation must occur.
 ...
PMID:Role of short-chain fatty acids in the prevention of colorectal cancer. 757 95

Flow cytometric assay of nuclear DNA in endoscopic biopsy specimens was evaluated in colon cancer patients. When the cells were divided into diploid cells and aneuploid cells, aneuploidy was observed in 63% (58 of 92) of the colon cancer patients. However, no clear relation was observed between the frequency of aneuploidy and the invasive depth, size, or histological type of colon cancer. Noncancerous portions of the colon tissues including colon adenoma or normal mucosa were mostly (96%, 87 of 91) diploid. Nuclear DNA content could be analyzed in the fresh biopsy specimens of colon cancer tissues and such investigation might be possibly valuable for further biological characterization of colon cancer in the usual procedure of clinical diagnosis for colonic malignancy before surgical operation or other treatment.
 ...
PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in tissues of colon cancer using endoscopic biopsy specimens. 760 25

The Mac-2 lectin (carbohydrate binding protein 35) is a soluble, 32- to 35-kDa phosphoprotein that binds galactose-containing glycoconjugates. We report here that the colonic epithelium is a major site of Mac-2 expression in vivo based on immunohistochemistry of human tissue specimens. In this epithelium, proliferating cells at the base of the crypts do not express Mac-2 but its expression increases with differentiation along the crypt-to-surface axis. Mac-2 expression is concentrated in the nuclei of these differentiated epithelial cells. The progression from normal mucosa to adenoma to carcinoma is associated with significant changes in Mac-2 nuclear localization and expression. In all adenomas (9/9) and carcinomas (13/13) examined, Mac-2 was not present in the nucleus but was localized in the cytoplasm. Sequencing of Mac-2 cDNAs from normal mucosa and carcinoma revealed no specific mutations that could account for this loss of nuclear localization. We also observed a 5- to 10-fold decrease in Mac-2 mRNA levels in cancer compared to normal mucosa as well as a significant reduction in the amount of Mac-2 protein expressed. These observations suggest that Mac-2 exclusion from the nucleus and its decreased expression may be related to the neoplastic progression of colon cancer.
 ...
PMID:Decreased expression of Mac-2 (carbohydrate binding protein 35) and loss of its nuclear localization are associated with the neoplastic progression of colon carcinoma. 768 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>