Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. If endoscopy leads to the suspicion of an exulcerated and/or polypous carcinoma of the colon, surgical intervention is the primary therapy. Histological classification of the tumour should be effected by means of endoscopic biopsy. 2. (Familial) adenomatosis of the colon requires colectomy. 3. Broad-based polypi resembling a lawn where a large wound area must be expected by electrocoagulation (risk of perforation), and pediculate polypi of the (rare) size of 3 cm and more (risk of haemorrhage) should not be resected via endoscopy but by surgery. 4. Solitary or multiple polypi of the colon not covered by points 1 to 3 above, are primarily for reasons of diagnosis an indication for endoscopic polypectomy. Biospy in the case of adenomas to clarify the histological structure and to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding malignant degeration, must be discouraged (""partial diagnosis''.) 5. Basing on the current state of knowledge it is assumed that effective prohylaxis of cancer is achieved by the endoscopic removal of benign adenomas of the colon. 6. It is also assumed that effective cancer therapy can be realised by the endoscopic removal of adenomas which have already undergone malignant degeration (adenoma with severe cellular atypia, invasive differntiated adenocarcinoma in the head of the adenoma.)
 ...
PMID:[Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of colorectal tumours (author's transl)]. 3 56

The periodic acid-thionin Schiff/potassium hydroxide/periodic acid-Schiff (PAT/KOH/PAS) procedure has been used to investigate the histochemical staining characteristics of the mucins found in adenocarcinoma and villous lesions of the large intestine. The 46 blocks examined represented 58 lesions from 37 patients, all of whom had had resections for carcinoma of the colon. tin sharp contrast to normal colon, none of the adenocarcinomas stained red with the PAT/KOH/PAS. With two exceptions the poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas stained blue, whereas of the well differentiated lesions half were blue and half purple. The malignant villous lesions demonstrated the same trends, although a larger percentage were purple. None of the benign lesions stained blue. It is suggested that malignancy in the colon is accompanied by an increase in blue staining in the PAT/KOH/PAS technique and that such staining may be of value in the interpretation of highly atypical adenoma where it might identify the onset of malignancy. This change in staining indicates a distinct alteration in the chemistry of the mucins which we interpret as a reduction in the degree of side chain O-acylation of their constituent sialic acids.
 ...
PMID:A new histochemical technique of use in the interpretation and diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and villous lesions in the large intestine. 7 51

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
 ...
PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

An abnormal zone of DNA synthesis at the surface and upper portion of colonic crypts has been thought to be related to future adenomatous polyp development and to express a regulatory defect in the mechanism that normally terminates synthesis in the upper third. As part of a screening program for early colon cancer detection, patients over 40 years of age found to have occult blood in their stool (Ho+) are evaluated by barium enema and colonscopy as well as isotopic incorporation studies of biopsy and lavage specimens. This proliferative abnormality occurred most frequently among patients with an adenoma or adenocarcinoma although the frequency varied among simultaneous biopsies from the same patient. Specimens from Ho+ patients with a tumor often contained small areas of focal atypism in the biopsy or fragments of atypical epithelial cells in the lavage sample. A small group of Ho+ patients in whom no overt neoplasm could be detected also demonstrated surface-labeled epithelial cells with morphological alteration of these cells. Based on the microscopic findings presented, continued surveillance of these patients is suggested, as well as extension of these studies to include other high risk groups.
 ...
PMID:Early detection of colonic neoplasia in patients at high risk. 59 71

In 82 patients, a preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been established by means of transfemoral neck vein catheterization and measurement of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Twenty-five of these patients have had cancer in other parts of the body but with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. One patient had carcinoma of the colon with metastases, and four were members of families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA, Types I and II). In six other hypercalcemic patients, high levels of iPTH were found also in the effluent blood from cancer sites other than the parathyroid gland, secondary to ectopic hormone production or pseudohyperparathyroidism. In addition, a high serum level of iPTH was found in the superior vena cava of a seventh patient who had carcinoma of the breast but no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence or metastasis with the exception of an enlarged liver. This iPTH finding was interpreted as being, probably, the result of parathyroid adenoma in either the neck or the mediastinum. At the time of operation, a transcervical mediastinal search was made. Four normal cervical parathyroid glands were found; three were removed. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation, and the patient died. At postmortem examination, microscopic study revealed that the disease had metastasized to lungs and hilar lymph nodes. There was massive metastasis in the liver; the liver contained a large amount of iPTH. The results of these investigations suggest that (1) venous catheterization of the neck veins and the effluent blood from extraparathyroid tumors aid in identifying and localizing iPTH production; (2) primary benign hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in patients with cancer, and its co-existence must be recognized; (3) high serum iPTH level in the superior vena cava may be found in patients with metastatic or primary cancer of the thoracic cavity; and (4) hyperparathyroidism may be the first hint of a familial multiple endocrine syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia in patients with known malignent disease. 96 5

We describe the clinical and pathologic features in four extended kindreds that are consistent with the hereditary flat adenoma syndrome (HFAS). This colon cancer susceptibility disorder is believed to be inherited as an autosomal dominant. The principal phenotypic marker is multiple colonic adenomas (usually less than 100), with a tendency for proximal location. The majority of these adenomas are flat or slightly raised and plaquelike, as opposed to polypoid. Colon cancers have typically developed in middle age and show no unusual histologic features. There are a variety of extracolonic manifestations, including adenomas and carcinomas of the small bowel and fundic gland polyps. The HFAS is contrasted with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and shown to be distinct from both in the numbers and distribution of colonic adenomas and the typical age of cancer diagnosis. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Given its linkage to the FAP locus on 5q and the phenotypic parallels between HFAS and FAP, we conclude that HFAS is a variant of FAP.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary flat adenoma syndrome: a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis? 131 29

Colonoscopy is an accepted technique for investigation of the colon. No portion of the large bowel is inaccessible to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach by flexible colonoscopy. The technical aspects of instrumentation have yielded to progress, with a small television chip currently incorporated into the tip of endoscopes transmitting an excellent image of the colon. Primary colonoscopy is being performed for selected indications, and, as facility with the technique increases, there will be a greater tendency for the performance of primary colonoscopy. Interruption of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence by techniques of snare-polypectomy may serve to markedly decrease the incidence of colon cancer over the next generation.
 ...
PMID:Colonoscopy. 832 57

It is widely accepted that most carcinomas of the colon and rectum develop through the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence. A recent review characterizes the various relationships between colorectal polyps and carcinoma. Tierney and Associates list several studies that show the frequent coexistence of adenomatous polyps with carcinoma of the colon or rectum. The incidence of polyps in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum ranges from 12.9% to 62%. Retrospective reports show a lower incidence of polyps in patients with carcinoma of the colon or rectum (13.7% to 23%). However, colon segments resected for carcinoma of the colon have a significant incidence of associated adenomatous polyps (15% to 28%). In patients with carcinoma of the colon or rectum undergoing preoperative fiberoptic colonoscopy there is a percentage of polyps larger than 5mm in diameter ranging between 36% and 62%. There is also a higher rate of both synchronous and metachronous carcinomas in patients in whom polyps coexist with the primary malignant lesion. The rate of metachronous carcinomas in patients with associated polyps at the time the first tumor was discovered is reported to be twice as great as for patients who did not have polyps (2.6% versus 1.14%, respectively). Synchronous malignant lesions were detected in 11% of patients with polyps but in only 0.7% of patients without polyps. In patients with multiple polyps coexistent with the original carcinoma, synchronous malignant lesions are found in 14.6% of patients and metachronous malignant lesions developed in 12.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Detection and prevention of colon cancer by colonoscopy. 147 88

It has been reported that exceptional association exists between primary colon cancer and hypernephroma. In this paper we are reporting a case of a male patient carrying an hypernephroma synchronous with a proximal colonic adenocarcinoma in addition to a second adenocarcinoma, growing on a tubular adenoma, nearly of first. These findings get seen as partially coincidental with some features of the cancer family syndrome (Lynch syndrome II), and we have considered that genetics conditions, like those of Lynch syndrome II, could to explain some multiple neoplasms in patients carrying then.
 ...
PMID:[A synchronous association of a double colonic adenocarcinoma and hypernephroma: an infrequent case of multiple primary neoplasms]. 158 55

Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer are believed to be at an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. To estimate this risk and the potential yield of screening colonoscopy in this population, we recruited and prospectively colonoscoped 181 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDR) of colorectal cancer patients and 83 asymptomatic controls (without a family history of colorectal cancer). The mean ages for the FDR and control groups were 48.2 +/- 12.5 and 54.8 +/- 11.0, respectively. Adenomatous polyps were detected in 14.4 percent of FDRs and 8.4 percent of controls. Although 92 percent of our FDRs had only one FDR afflicted with colon cancer, those subjects with two or more afflicted FDRs had an even higher risk of developing colonic adenomas (23.8 percent) than those with only one afflicted FDR (13.1 percent). A greater proportion of adenomas was found to be beyond the reach of flexible sigmoidoscopy in the FDR group than in the controls (48 percent vs. 25 percent, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, male sex, and FDR status were independent risk factors for the presence of colonic adenomatous polyps (RR = 2.32, 2.86, and 3.49, respectively; P less than 0.001). Those at greatest risk for harboring an asymptomatic colonic adenoma are male FDRs over the age of 50 (40 percent vs. 20 percent for age-matched male controls). Based on probability curves, males with one FDR afflicted with colon cancer appear to have an increased risk of developing a colonic adenoma beginning at 40 years of age. Our results document, for the first time, an increased prevalence of colonoscopically detectable adenomas in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients, as compared with asymptomatic controls, and support the use of colonoscopy as a routine screening tool in this high-risk group.
 ...
PMID:Colonoscopic screening for neoplasms in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients. A controlled, prospective study. 841 86


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>