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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of colorectal cancer increased during the first half of the twentieth century, but for the last four decades, it appears to have stabilized. Today, the average American has a 5 percent probability of developing colorectal cancer during a 70-year life span. The majority of cases occur in persons aged greater than 50 years; the incidence increases up to age 75 years, after which there is a decline. Etiology is unknown; however, environment, genetics, and carcinogens have been implicated. Genetic relations of skin tags, colon polyps, and colon cancer are a matter of ongoing research. If such relations could be established, it could provide clinicians with a possible additional marker for persons at increased risk of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Two cases are presented with a brief review of the literature.
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PMID:Skin tags--a marker for colon polyps? 237 57

The effects of 2 levels of dietary calcium and 2 types of dietary fat on the promotional phase phase of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in the F344 rat were investigated. During the initiation phase of carcinogenesis all animals were fed a 5% corn oil AIN-76A diet containing 0.32% Ca in the form of calcium lactate. Rats were then injected with azoxymethane (AOM) weekly for 8 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were fed 1 of 3 diet formulations: a 5% corn oil diet or a 20% corn oil or 20% American Blend oil fat diet, with the level of Ca set at either 0.32% of the diet, a nutrient density simulating a daily human intake of approximately 1700 mg Ca/day, or at 0.04% of the diet, reflecting a human daily intake of approximately 200-250 mg of Ca/day, thus modeling 2 human nutrient density levels for calcium. Measurements of fecal pH during the experiment indicated an acidic adaptation of the large bowel to the lactate anion. Analysis of collected fecal samples showed more total fatty acids to be present in the colon when higher amounts of calcium were consumed. However, results of the tumorigenesis study indicated that calcium lactate fed at the 0.32% level significantly inhibited the development of colonic adenocarcinoma in all dietary groups. Taken together, this investigation supports the hypothesis that calcium supplementation can inhibit colon neoplasia in rats fed a high fat diet; however, under the conditions of this study, the 20% fat level did not significantly promote colon cancer as compared to a 5% fat level.
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PMID:Inhibition of the promotional phase of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in the F344 rat by calcium lactate: effect of simulating two human nutrient density levels. 239 78

A search of the literature using National Library of Medicine databases and individual cancer journal articles yielded over 500 compounds with published chemopreventive activity in animals. From these, an initial 16 agents or agent combinations have been evaluated in the following animal tumor models: mouse skin papillomas/carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; rat breast adenocarcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; hamster lung carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or diethylnitrosamine; mouse bladder papillary carcinoma induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine; and rat and mouse colon cancer induced by azoxymethane/methylazoxymethanol acetate. Some of the most interesting positive results observed include 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide plus tamoxifen in breast cancer, piroxicam in colon cancer, dimethylfluoroornithine in breast and bladder cancer, oltipraz in lung cancer, dehydroepiandrosterone in colon cancer, and molybdate in bladder cancer. Eighteen human intervention trials in progress are described that involve the following agents: beta-carotene (eight trials). Retinol/retinoic acid (seven trials), vitamins C and E (three trials), 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (one trial), piroxicam (one trial), and calcium (one trial). By organ site these studies involve cancer of the lung (six studies), skin (five studies), colon (four studies), breast (one study), and uterine cervix (two studies).
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PMID:Identification of candidate cancer chemopreventive agents and their evaluation in animal models and human clinical trials: a review. 240 15

A murine monoclonal antibody that reacts with human colonic cancer (250-30.6) was labeled with radioactive iodine (131I) and the antibody was injected intravenously into 15 patients with known metastases originating from carcinoma of the colon (10 cases), malignant melanoma (1), breast (1), pancreas (1), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), and adenocarcinoma of unknown origin (1). Of the patients with metastatic colon carcinoma, there were 19 known deposits as judged by the techniques of clinical examination, x-rays, and scans obtained using sulpha-colloid. Of these 19 deposits, 17 (90%) were found using the 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody. In one case, the primary tumor, previously undiagnosed, was found. In only 1 of the 10 patients was tumor not found and this was due to the subsequent finding that the undifferentiated tumor did not react with antibody. Of the five patients who did not have carcinoma of the colon, three had negative scans, but two were positive. Thus, the technique of immunoscintography can readily detect both primary and metastatic tumors.
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PMID:Visualization of metastases from colon carcinoma using an iodine 131-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody. 241 93

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), KM-93 raised against human lung adenocarcinoma and KM-231 raised against human gastric cancer, were useful in serum diagnosis of several human cancer. KM-93 and KM-231 recognize sialyl Lex epitope and sialyl Lea epitope, respectively, expressed on glycoprotein and glycolipid. We established a new "cocktail" sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using the two MoAbs and the advantage of this assay system, which can simultaneously detect sialyl Lex and sialyl Lea antigens, is assessed in the present study. The new assay system is composed of a mixture of KM-93 and KM-231 as 1st antibodies and a mixture of biotinylated two MoAbs as 2nd antibodies. We evaluated the concentration of MoAbs and optimized it to gain high cancer-positivity. This assay system covered sialyl Lex positive and/or sialyl Lea-positive sera and gave a high rate of positive results in lung adenocarcinoma (62.3%), gastric cancer (32.5%), colon cancer (37.5%), pancreatic cancer (83.3%), bile duct and gall bladder cancer (66.7%) and hepatoma (76.9%), whereas positive results in healthy adults remained low. Positive results in benign diseases of lung (12.5%), pancreas (10.8%), gall bladder and bile duct (9.1%) were very low, but were higher in liver cirrhosis (33.3%), hepatitis and liver injury (34.8%). Simultaneous detection of two carbohydrate antigens, sialyl Lex and sialyl Lea was clearly superior to single detection.
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PMID:Advantage of cocktail-use of two anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies, KM-93 and KM-231, in serum diagnosis of cancer. 247 31

We have established a colon cancer-prone substrain in WF strain rats strictly bred by sister x brother mating for more than 20 years. Colon carcinomas were located only in the ascending colon with no remote metastases. Each incidence of colon carcinoma varied from 30 to 40% in the respective investigation. There was no apparent sex difference. Approximately 9% of colon carcinomas were associated with gastric carcinoma in the prepyloric region and they died within four months of age due to malnutrition and intestinal bleeding. There were a few cases of carcinomas of the terminal ileum and the rectum. All of these carcinomas from three different portions showed histologically well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. It was found that about 40% of colon carcinomas showed spontaneous regression in the period from four to twelve months old. We have also succeeded in establishing two lines of the transplantable colon carcinoma (C1 and C2) and the transplantable gastric carcinoma (S1 and S3) from those of spontaneous colon carcinomas and gastric carcinomas. Then recipient female rats inoculated intraperitoneally with these transplantable carcinomas newly developed adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, which had never been found in the rats of this strain. In addition, the transplantable tumor line of adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri was also established (U2). When transplanted these tumors intraperitoneally (S1, S3, C1, C2 and U2), male and female recipient rats extremely increased in the incidence of carcinomas of the stomach and the colon. As far as female recipient rats were concerned, a large number of carcinomas of the corpus uteri were also found regardless of the derivation of tumors. We believe that the established colon cancer-prone rat strain (WF-Osaka) as well as those of transplantable tumor lines will open a further research fields and will be available as an animal model of colon cancer for human beings.
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PMID:A study on colon cancer-prone rats of WF-Osaka strain. 248 90

We have established four lines of transplantable gastric carcinoma in WF Osaka rats. They were derived from adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach, which were developed along with the lesser curvature, measuring less than 1.0 square centimeter. Morphology of these four lines of the transplantable tumor showed essentially an identical figure in their respective generations. Histology in the early generation of transplanted tumors showed well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma similar to the primary lesion of the stomach. Later the histological appearance of these four lines of the transplanted tumor altered from glandular structure to keratinizing squamous cell metaplasia of cancer cells. The lines of S4 and S5 transplantable tumor were recently established, but the lines of S1 and S3 transplantable tumor have been transplanted as far as more than the 60th generation, and changed their histological appearance to scirrhous carcinoma in the line of S1 and medullary carcinoma in the line of S3. The growth speed of S1 line became slow in the later generations compared to the former ones, and that of S3 line became extremely rapid and recipient rats died with cachexia within two weeks. Effectual activities of tumor enhancement for the gastric and the colon cancer, previously reported elsewhere, recently decreased, and gastric carcinoma was rarely induced by these two lines. Lately established S4 and S5 transplantable tumor lines showed vigorous flourish of inducing gastric and colon cancers.
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PMID:Morphology on the transplantable gastric carcinoma in WF Osaka rat strain. 248 93

Between 1982 and 1987, 40 patients with esophageal tumors (19 adenocarcinomas, 19 squamous carcinomas, and two melanomas) in whom conventional treatments were unsuccessful were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) after injection with either hematoporphyrin derivative or dihematoporphyrin ether. Patients underwent endoscopy again two to three days and one month after PDT and as needed when symptoms recurred. At one month, the average minimal diameter opening of 28 assessable tumors increased from 6 to 9 mm. Of the 35 patients who could be evaluated one month after PDT, the average improvement in food intake was from a liquid to a soft diet. Average survival time (from time of first treatment) was 7.7 months (n = 17) for adenocarcinoma, 5.8 months (n = 12) for squamous cell carcinoma, and 25 months (n = 2) for melanoma. Two patients with stage I adenocarcinoma were alive with no evidence of disease at 11 and 23 months. One patient with stage I squamous cell cancer died 18 months after PDT, with recurrence of tumor above the treated area noted eight months after treatment. One patient with stage I melanoma died of a synchronous colon cancer 31 months after PDT, with no evidence of residual melanoma.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy for esophageal tumors. 252 Dec 89

A 43-year-old woman with familial polyposis coli (FPC) and adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid was treated by total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and construction of an ileal pouch with ileoanal anastomosis. A year after operation she developed a huge retroperitoneal desmoid tumor which on exploratory laparotomy was found to be nonresectable. A 21-month course of indomethacin followed by tamoxifen failed to induce regression of the tumor. Desmoid tumors appear in 3.5-29.0% of patients with FPC, mostly after colectomy. This possibility must be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma of the colon. The preferred treatment of abdominal and retroperitoneal desmoid tumors is conservative, and includes the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ascorbic acid and tamoxifen.
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PMID:[Retroperitoneal desmoid tumor and familial polyposis coli]. 254 78

This endoscopic evaluation of 25 patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) further establishes gastro-duodenal polyps as a significant extracolonic manifestation of the condition. Ten patients had polyps, distributed as follows: stomach (2), duodenum (4), stomach and duodenum (4). Altogether, there were six gastric and seven duodenal lesions. Half of the gastric tumors were hyperplastic and half were adenomatous. All the duodenal tumors were adenomatous, four being ampullary. The one symptomatic patient had intra-polypoid adenocarcinoma. There were no significant correlations between the endoscopic findings and patient age, sex, presence of colon cancer, or other extracolonic abnormalities. The authors affirm that gastroduodenal polyps are an important component of FPC and recommend that all patients with this condition undergo initial and follow-up gastroduodenoscopy. Multiple small lesions may be carefully monitored, but larger ones, particularly those in the region of the ampulla, must be excised.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal polyps in familial polyposis coli. 254 42


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