Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reported is a case of a suprapapillary primary early duodenal cancer in a 50 year old male patient who had had a hemicolectomy 15 years earlier for a colon cancer. The patient had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a mass screening for abnormalities in the gastro-intestinal tract, and a slightly depressed lesion of the IIa + IIc type, 25 x 20 mm in diameter, was discovered accidentally at the superior duodenal flexure. The subsequent biopsy revealed a well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Thus, the patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and a partial duodenectomy with a lymph node dissection. The histology of the resected specimen was the same as that of the biopsy, but only the mucosa was involved. Adenomatous lesions of the colon are known to occasionally accompany upper gastro-intestinal tumor, so that periodic gastro-intestinal scrutiny follow-ups are mandatory.
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PMID:[A case of primary early duodenal cancer]. 223 73

Adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary is generally associated with a poor prognosis. This is not the case with women who present with disease confined to one axilla, when the primary, despite negative investigations, is often found to lie in the ipsilateral breast. Twenty such patients presented to our department between 1977 and 1989 and were generally treated by radical radiotherapy to the breast and peripheral lymphatics. Local control was achieved in the axilla in 17 of the 20 patients (85%). No primary has appeared in the breast, although one patient has died of a carcinoma of the colon. The 5-year actuarial survival of the group is 66%, similar to stage II breast carcinoma patients. The value of radiological and histopathological investigations is discussed. The cosmetic results are good and in view of the excellent local control achieved by irradiation we feel mastectomy is unnecessary in this rare presentation of breast cancer.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary presenting in women with an axillary mass. 226 13

In this study, a site-specific glycyl-tyrosyl-(N-epsilon-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-lysine (GYK-DTPA) immunoconjugate of the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody C46 (C46-GYK-DTPA) was characterized by immunohistological and immunofluorescence methods for reactivity with normal and neoplastic human tissues. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies assessed the ability of C46-GYK-DTPA labeled with 111In to localize to and image human tumor xenografts in nude mice. The native antibody and the site-specific immunoconjugate exhibited similar patterns of reactivity with normal human tissues. C46 did not bind to the surface of normal human granulocytes, which indicates lack of reactivity with normal cross-reacting antigen. C46-GYK-DTPA reacted with 100% of the colon, breast and renal carcinomas examined and with two of three lung carcinomas, but did not react with any sarcomas, melanomas or lymphomas examined. Intravenously administered C46-GYK-DTPA-111In rapidly localized to and imaged LS174T human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice, reaching maximal levels of about 25% of injected dose/g tumor within 1 day. No unusual localization to any non-tumor tissue or organ was seen; the level of radioactivity in the normal tissues and organs was at or below that in the blood. The accessible binding sites in 1 g tumors appeared to be saturated at an antibody dose between 100 micrograms and 1000 micrograms/mouse. Further, in a direct in vivo comparison, the site-specific conjugate C46-GYK-DTPA had more favorable pharmacokinetics and better tumor localization than a randomly derivatized C46 immunoconjugate (C46-DTPA). These findings suggest that the site-specific immunoconjugate C46-GYK-DTPA may be useful in the diagnosis and therapy of colon cancer and other adenocarcinomas expressing carcinoembryonic antigen.
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PMID:Carbohydrate-derivatized immunoconjugate of the anti-(carcinoembryonic antigen) monoclonal antibody C46: immunohistological reactivity and pharmacokinetic comparison with a randomly derivatized C46 immunoconjugate. 226 96

Although a correlation has been suggested between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer, studies on pathological changes in the pancreas of smokers are fragmentary. In the present study we examined histopathologically 73 pancreases obtained by autopsy from 42 heavy cigarette smokers and 31 non-smoker patients. One invasive adenocarcinoma (2 cm in diameter) and three small carcinomas (2-5 mm in diameter) were found in smokers and one small carcinoma in a non-smoker patient. Although the incidence of pancreatic cancer in smokers was higher than in non-smokers, the difference was statistically not significant. Of smokers with pancreatic cancer, 2 had lung cancer, 1 skin cancer, 1 colon cancer and 1 was free of any malignancies. Ductal changes, including mucinous or squamous cell metaplasia and papillary hyperplasia, were found with equal frequencies in both groups of patients. The type and the incidence of these ductal alterations were not related to smoking but to the age. Our results do not indicate that cigarette smoking increases the incidence of pancreatic cancer, although, the limited number of the sections of the pancreas examined, as well as exclusion of other important variables, such as alcohol, diet and diabetes weaken the value of this study.
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PMID:Comparative histopathological findings in the pancreas of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. 226 10

The associations between colorectal cancer and body weight (expressed as body mass index) and between colorectal cancer and physical activity were examined in 715 histologically confirmed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 727 age- and sex-matched controls. The data were obtained from a large, population-based study, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study, which was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of rectal cancer but not of colon cancer in overweight and obese males but not in females. This association for males remained statistically significant after adjustment was made for dietary risk factors previously established for this study (Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987), with the exception of sodium intake, which produced a downward modification of the relative risk close to unity. The increased risk of rectal cancer in overweight and obese males was modified by beer intake, which was previously found to be a risk for rectal cancer in males in this study. Various levels of physical activity were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in either males or females. Also, the colorectal cancer risks associated with the body mass index were not significantly altered by adjustment for the physical activity level.
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PMID:Body weight and physical activity as predictors of colorectal cancer risk. 230 Apr 99

Oligosaccharides with Lex determinant (Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc) are accumulated in large quantities in various adenocarcinomas. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing mono-, di-, or trimeric Lex showed a preferential staining of specific stages of human fetal tissues and various human adenocarcinomas. Thus, these carbohydrate epitopes are typical of oncodevelopmental antigens. The present study investigated the presence of Lex epitope in sera of normal individuals and cancer patients, utilizing two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies, SH1 and SH2, directed to mono- and dimeric Lex structures, respectively. The Lex antigen in serum was eluted in the void volume fraction of a gel filtration column, determined by using monoclonal antibody SH1, and found to be carried on a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 200,000. The Lex antigen was present in the void volume fraction of the majority (85%) of sera from adenocarcinoma patients. Although the Lex epitope was also detected in a smaller proportion (33%) of normal sera, its levels were significantly lower than in cancer sera. Lex antigen was also detected in serum glycolipid fraction; however, no significant differences were observed in normal and cancer sera. A double determinant solid phase immunoassay utilizing SH2 as the capture antibody and SH1 as the detecting antibody allowed direct determination of Lex levels in sera. By the use of this direct assay, the levels of serum Lex were found to increase in association with the progression of colorectal cancer (Dukes A to D). The percentage of detectability in sera from colon cancer patients was as follows: Dukes A, 20%; Dukes B, 45%; Dukes C, 67%; and Dukes D, 74%. The levels of serum Lex were also of prognostic value in Dukes C cancer patients after surgery and during postoperative follow-up.
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PMID:Profiles of Lewisx-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids in sera of patients with adenocarcinoma. 230 2

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer by analysis of immune complexes (IC) with a specific polyclonal antibody. Human colon cancer cells were grown in a capillary culture system to provide unaltered antigens for the development of a specific antibody. The antibody was labeled with iodine 125 (125I) and used to analyze the antigen component of IC removed from whole serum. The assay was positive in 50% and 88% of known Dukes' A and Dukes' B colon cancer patients, respectively. It was also positive for only 25% of Dukes' C and 14% of Dukes' D patients, possibly because of the decreased quantity of specific IC found in the late stages of colon cancer. A blind study of patients referred for colonoscopy compared pathology diagnosis with the test results. The assay was positive for one patient with a polypoid adenocarcinoma (Dukes' B) and one with a villous adenoma and negative for 38 patients with benign polyps and 43 with no polyps. The assay was negative for all patients with stomach cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases and positive for about 10% of the patients with pancreas or breast cancer. The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that this radioimmunoassay may be useful for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer.
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PMID:An analysis of immunocomplexes for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer. 230 82

A cohort of 52 subjects diagnosed with acromegaly in southeastern Michigan and northern Ohio between 1935 and 1985 were followed to determine the incidence of colon cancer and polyps. Medical records were reviewed, subjects or their next-of-kin were interviewed, and screening examinations of the colon were offered to the living patients who were located. Data on demographics, personal histories of cancer and colon polyps, family history of colon cancer, and cure from acromegaly were obtained for both living and deceased subjects. The risk for colon cancer compared to the general population was estimated using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The expected number of cases was determined utilizing age, sex and race-specific rates provided by the cancer registry in southeastern Michigan. Among the 52 subjects, one could not be located and nine were deceased, none from colon cancer, with one known to have a history of colon polyps. Of 13 (31%) who declined the screening physical, one had a history of polyps and none reported a history of colon cancer. Two of 29 screened patients were found to have right-sided adenocarcinoma of the colon. Of the entire cohort, eight people (including one deceased) had a current or previous diagnosis of polyps, with five known to be histologically adenomatous. The SIR for colon cancer was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 0.6-17.1). Seven subjects, including the two with detected adenocarcinoma and four of the six living subjects with polyps only, reported a family history of colon cancer. The SIR for the subset of subjects with a family history of colon cancer was 29.1 (95% confidence interval of 3.5-104.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Colon cancer and polyps in acromegaly: increased risk associated with family history of colon cancer. 233 12

The tissue distribution of 131I-transferrin (131I-Tf) was studied in athymic nude mice having s.c. human colonic adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts. Four days after 131I-Tf injection, the 131I-specific activity measured in the HT-29 tumor, i.e. amount of radioactivity per gram of fresh tissue, represented 0.31 +/- 0.09% of the injected radioactivity and was 1.90 fold more than that measured in the murine colon (P less than 0.05). After correction for intravascular 131I-Tf as estimated by means of 99mTc-Sn in vivo labeling of red blood cells, the 131I specific activity observed in the HT-29 tumor was 7.21 fold more than that observed in the murine colon. This subtracting method enabled us to localize a HT-29 tumor xenograft by gamma scintigraphy of the entire animal and demonstrated that 131I-Tf could be a non-specific but potent marker for human colon cancer.
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PMID:Tissue distribution of 131I radiolabeled transferrin in the athymic nude mouse: localization of a human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenograft. 234 Dec 76

The role of cytokines as primary or adjuvant antineoplastic agents has been well established. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the interferons have, particularly, proven to be effective antitumor agents when given alone, and seem to act synergistically on the eradication of metastases from immunogenic tumors. Active specific immunotherapy, in the form of viral oncolysates, has also shown effectiveness in cancer therapy. Bearing this in mind, we decided to combine these agents in an adjuvant triple regimen and compare their effectiveness to other treatments in terms of tumor burden and survival in a murine colon cancer hepatic metastases model. BALB/c mice were injected with CC-36, a weakly immunogenic murine colon adenocarcinoma, intrasplenically, to produce artificial liver metastases. The animals were divided into one control group and seven treatment groups receiving either vaccinia colon oncolysate (VCO), IL-2, interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) alone, or combinations of these agents. Half the animals were followed for survival and the other half were sacrificed at the end of the experiment for quantification of tumor burden. The blood of the sacrificed animals was utilized in a series of immunological tests in order to demonstrate the cytolytic potential of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in each treatment group, as well as to characterize phenotypically the cells acting as effectors. The triple-adjuvant regimen group was by far the most effective treatment group, demonstrating 100% survival and a significant reduction in tumor burden when compared to other groups. Furthermore, the PBL from the animals in this group showed 69.4% lysis of the CC-36 target cells in vitro. These effector lymphocytes were characterized as ASMG1-/Lyt2.2+ cytolytic lymphocytes. We conclude that these lymphocytes were stimulated by the administration of VCO and further augmented by the immunomodulation of the cytokines given in the triple regimen, and that such a regimen might prove beneficial in the treatment of established hepatic metastases from weakly immunogenic tumors.
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PMID:Active specific immunotherapy with vaccinia colon oncolysate enhances the immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of interleukin-2 and interferon alpha in a murine hepatic metastasis model. 237 48


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