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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, which is also known as the remote neurological effect of cancer, is a rare neurological paraneoplastic disorder that usually presents with changes in mental status and behavioral abnormalities. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis had been diagnosed by clinical, laboratory and pathological studies in the pre-MRI era, but the diagnosis became much easier with MRI. We present MRI pictures of a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: case report. 1173 76

Small bowel metastases of lung cancer as unique secondary lesions are a very rare occurrence and may be clinically missed due to the aspecificity of the symptoms. Diagnosis is usually made at acute abdominal symptomatology that requires emergency surgical treatment. We report a case of 69-year-old woman, previously treated for epidermoid lung carcinoma, complaining only of aspecific asthenia; blood cell count and chemistry showed a moderate but progressive anemia; no signs of small bowel occlusion were present. The follow-up CT scan showed two large masses at the small bowel level, without any evidence of hepatic, lung, adrenal or brain metastases. MRI and small bowel enema confirmed the presence of the masses, and the diagnosis of small bowel metastases was hypothesized. Surgical specimens of the masses confirmed the radiological suspicion.
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PMID:Small bowel metastases of lung cancer as unique metastatic lesions: CT, MRI and small bowel enema findings. a case report. 1200 55

The localisation of metastasis in muscle is rare and is discovered mainly during autopsy. Skeletal muscle metastasis may occur in the case of leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, thyroid, gastrointestinal tract and breast carcinoma. However the most frequent aetiology is lung cancer. We describe the case of a 67-year-old woman, suffering from epidermoid lung carcinoma localised in both upper right lobes, treated surgically with success. Two months after surgery, she complained of pain and a sensation of swelling in the adductor muscles of the left hip with important restriction of mobility. A MRI scan of the hip showed an ovoid mass between the obturator extemus and the adductors muscles on the left side. Biopsy of the infiltrated muscles showed proliferation of carcinomatous tissue.
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PMID:Muscular metastatic infiltration from pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma. 1218 41

Brain metastases occur in 20-40% of patients with cancer and their frequency has increased over time. Lung, breast and skin (melanoma) are the commonest sources of brain metastases, and in up to 15% of patients the primary site remains unknown. After the introduction of MRI, multiple lesions have outnumbered single lesions. Contrast-enhanced MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis. There are no pathognomonic features on CT or MRI that distinguish brain metastases from primary malignant brain tumors or nonneoplastic conditions: therefore a tissue diagnosis by biopsy should be always obtained in patients with unknown primary tumor before undergoing radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Some factors are prognostically important: a high Performance Status, a solitary brain metastasis, an absence of systemic metastases, a controlled primary tumor and a younger age. Based on these factors, subgroups of patients with different prognosis have been identified (RPA class I, II, III). Symptomatic therapy includes corticosteroids to reduce vasogenic cerebral edema and anticonvulsants to control seizures. In patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases prophylactic anticonvulsants should not be used routinely. The combination of surgery and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is superior to WBRT alone for the treatment of single brain metastasis in patients with limited or absent systemic disease and good neurological condition. Complete surgical resection allows a relief of intracranial hypertension, seizures and focal neurological deficits. Radiosurgery, alone or in conjunction with WBRT, yields results which are comparable to those reported after surgery followed by WBRT, provided that lesion's diameter does not exceed 3-3.5 cm. Radiosurgery offers the potential of treating patients with surgically inaccessible metastases. Still controversial is the need for WBRT after surgery or radiosurgery: local control seems better with the combined approach, but overall survival does not improve. Late neurotoxicity in long surviving patients after WBRT is not negligible; to avoid this complication patients with favorable prognostic factors must be treated with conventional schedules of RT, and monitoring of cognitive functions is important. WBRT alone is the treatment of choice in patients with single brain metastasis not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery, and with an active systemic disease, and in patients with multiple brain metastases. A small subgroup of these latter may benefit from surgery. The response rate of brain metastases to chemotherapy is similar to the response rate of the primary tumor and extracranial metastases, some tumor types being more chemosensitive (small cell lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, germ cell tumors). New radiosensitizers and cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, and innovative technique of drug delivery are being investigated.
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PMID:Management of brain metastases. 1238 50

We performed conventional and dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI imaging in 38 patients with brain tumours: 20 with metastases (breast carcinoma: two; renal carcinoma: five; colorectal carcinoma: one; lung carcinoma: seven; melanoma: five), and 18 with high-grade astrocytomas. We obtained cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps and calculated the relative CBV (rCBV) in different areas using the ratio between the CBV in the pathological area (CBVp) and in the contralateral white matter (CBVn). We calculated the maximum rCBV (rCBVmax) for each tumour and compared the mean rCBVmax in each group of tumours. The mean rCBV of melanoma metastases (5.35+/-2.32, range 3.14-9.23) and of renal carcinoma metastases (8.17+/-2.39, range 5.41-11.64) were significantly greater than those of high-grade astrocytomas (2.61+/-1.17, range 1.3-5.0) ( P=0.002 and <0.001, respectively) and of lung carcinoma metastases (2.94+/-0.86, range 1.43-4.04) ( P=0.003 and 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean rCBV of lung metastases and of high-grade astrocytomas ( P=0.59). Large, solitary, necrotic metastases can be indistinguishable from high-grade astrocytomas using conventional MRI. Demonstration of an elevated rCBV which may suggest a hypervascular lesion such as renal carcinoma or melanoma.
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PMID:Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: differentiating melanoma and renal carcinoma metastases from high-grade astrocytomas and other metastases. 1252 54

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a rare condition that causes serious diagnostic and therapeutic problems. ISCM is usually discovered in less than 1% of autopsies, with fewer than 5% being diagnosed antemortem. The uncertain and non-standardized treatment of patients diagnosed with ISCM is a major concern of neurosurgeons today. Presented is a case of ISCM detected in an 80-year-old man with a history of lung carcinoma. The progression of his illness, diagnostic role of MRI, and ISCM management options are discussed.
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PMID:Intramedullary spinal cord metastases: case report and review of literature. 1265 74

Over the past several years, positron emission tomography (PET) has become a clinically useful, noninvasive study which complements conventional imaging (chest radiographs, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) in the evaluation of patients with lung cancer. PET imaging of lung cancer is typically performed with the radiopharmaceutical 18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), a d-glucose analog. Increased glucose metabolism by malignant cells results in increased uptake and accumulation of FDG, which serves as the basis for tumor detection. This review will focus on the current applications of FDG-PET in lung cancer patients including evaluation of focal pulmonary abnormalities, staging lung cancer, determining tumor recurrence, and in assessing prognosis.
Clin Lung Cancer 1999 Aug
PMID:Positron emission tomography imaging in lung cancer. 1472 48

This case study describes the long-term course of behavioral alterations and MRI findings in a patient with a combined limbic and cerebellar paraneoplastic syndrome, which was associated with a squamous lung carcinoma. Clinical equivalents were cerebellar ataxia, as well as severe anterograde memory loss, frontal executive dysfunction and behavioral alterations. MRI revealed inflammatory changes followed by progressive atrophy affecting the cerebellum and both temporal lobes. Tumor surgery yielded only a partial and transient recovery of neurological symptoms, and paraneoplastic atrophy continued to progress despite radical excision of the carcinoma. This case of paraneoplastic encephalitis suggests that the related atrophy may present as a chronic, progressive, multifocal encephalopathy and that the associated cognitive impairments may include several cognitive domains.
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PMID:Long-term cognitive and MRI findings in a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. 1501 90

We report about a 63-year-old male patient who complained of a recent onset of confusion. A mediastinal mass had been detected in his chest X-ray three days before admission to our clinic. Surprisingly, a CT scan of the brain revealed no signs of cerebral masses or oedema. MRI demonstrated bright hyperintens signals in the medial aspect of both temporal lobes. Biopsy by mediastinoscopy showed small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). No distant metastases were found by staging procedures. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum contained antineuronal antibodies (anti-Hu). The combination of symptoms, MRI findings and paraneoplastic antibodies established the diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with SCLC. Chemotherapy combined with immunosuppression by corticosteroids was started immediately. The primary tumour responded to therapy but improvement of cerebral symptoms was unsatisfactory. Severe memory loss and personality changes remained unchanged while there was a slight improvement in confusion and hallucinations.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in small cell lung carcinoma]. 1516 56

Accurate staging of cancer has a critical role in optimal patient management. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is superior to CT in the detection of local and distant metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Although Tc-99 m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scanning is well established in the evaluation of bone metastases, there are conflicting reports on the use of FDG PET in the evaluation of skeletal metastases. We report on a patient with locally advanced lung carcinoma in whom FDG PET accurately identified previously unsuspected widespread asymptomatic bone metastases (bone scan and X-rays negative, confirmed on MRI). Assessment of glucose metabolism with FDG PET might represent a more powerful tool to detect bone metastases in lung cancer compared with conventional bone scans.
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PMID:Detection of occult bone metastases of lung cancer with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. 1523 Jul 58


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