Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Out of 16 patients, spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease was diagnosed by MRI in 4 patients, myelography in 14 patients and CT myelography in 12 cases. MR was superior to myelography in 2 patients, in another 2 patients MRI was equally diagnostic. The cerebrospinal fluid of every patient contained malignant cells. Histological evidence for primary central nervous system tumors was found in 5 cases. In 10 cases, non-neuraxial malignancy consisted of small cell carcinoma of the lung (7 cases), and leukemia and lymphoma (3 patients). In 1 patient, primary leptomeningeal malignant melanoma was confirmed at autopsy. Preferential thoracolumbar neoplastic morphologic manifestation correlated with the presence of conus and cauda equina syndrome in 9 patients, low back pain, paresthesia and spinal root signs in 7 patients. False-negative interpretation of myelography in 2 patients with positive MR findings, and the impressive sensitivity of gadolinium Dota to improve visualization of subarachnoid spread, favor MRI as an alternative imaging technique in the assessment of patients with suspected intradural extramedullary malignancy.
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PMID:Spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease. Evaluation by MR, myelography and CT myelography. 131 84

A 61-year-old male visited us with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms. Cystoscope, U/S, MRI, and CT showed an extensive non-papillary, wide-based tumor centering around the anterior wall of the bladder. Transabdominal U/S-guided full-thickness biopsy indicated a pT3a (Biopsy) primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder containing neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Fuc GM1, an antigen related to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation at 50 Gy and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and THP. Since a follow-up full thickness biopsy indicated pT0 (Biopsy), total cystectomy was performed. Examination of the resected specimen also indicated pathological CR.
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PMID:[Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Small cell lung cancer-associated ganglioside (Fuc GM1) expression]. 133 26

Nuclear medicine techniques have a long history in pulmonary medicine, one that has been continually changing and growing. Even longstanding methods, such as perfusion scanning for embolic disease or for pretherapy pulmonary function evaluation, have largely withstood the test of recent careful scrutiny. Not only have these techniques remained an important part of the diagnostic armamentarium, but we have learned how to use them more effectively. Furthermore, because of technical advances, we are in a phase of expanding roles for nuclear imaging. Gallium citrate scanning for the mediastinal staging and follow-up of lymphoma has been recognized as a valuable adjunct to the anatomic information provided by CT and MRI. With the growth of PET technology in areas that have been explored in a limited fashion until now, such as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and lung carcinoma, evaluation and management of these patients may substantially improve. Finally, in the field of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, attention is now being turned to both the diagnostic and the therapeutic problems presented by lung carcinoma. As radiolabeling methods are refined and as new and better antibodies are developed, radioimmunodetection and therapy in lung carcinoma may begin to make inroads on this common and hard to control disease.
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PMID:Pulmonary applications of nuclear medicine. 200 45

This review presents various aspects of the technological development, and their assessment in the design of a contrast agent for MRI, tailored to visualise tumours in the brain. First, it was demonstrated that magnetite as a contrast agent exhibited a much stronger relaxivity than gadolinium. The prepared magnetite particles bound to dextran, were also shown to be of appropriate size by electron microscopy. After their intravenous injection into rats with blood-brain barrier disruption, the lesion was strongly enhanced by T2-shortening. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies directed against small cell lung carcinoma, proved to be able to penetrate into tumours, which had been raised by implantation of the small cell lung carcinoma cells into the brains of nude rats. As to the essential step, it was demonstrated in vitro that magnetite particles coupled to monoclonal antibodies by the biotin-streptavidin binding, could be bound to the target cells of the antibody, changing the relaxation rates of the latter. Finally it could be shown in vitro that an alternative approach, using lymphocytes to be targeted to tumour cells, also proved feasible, in that these lymphocytes could be labelled with magnetite that had been incorporated into liposomes. Further developments will be the in vivo assessment of the acquired progress in experimental animals, before clinical application is warranted.
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PMID:Our approach towards developing a specific tumour-targeted MRI contrast agent for the brain. 768 84

A 73-year-old man had undergone resection of a lung carcinoma of the right upper lobe in 1987. Post-operative irradiation (40 Gy) was given to the right hilus. In November 1988, recurrence was detected in the trachea. Laser therapy was done in December 1988. From January 9 to February 13 in 1989, irradiation (50 Gy) was given to the mediastinum. From the beginning of 1991, the patient developed muscle weakness in the right lower extremity and pain temperature sensations were impaired below the Th12 level on the left side. On October 3, 1991, he was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed mild muscle weakness in the right lower extremity. Superficial sensations were impaired below the Th6 level bilaterally. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive in the lower extremities. A bilateral Babinski sign was positive. The T1 weighted MRI showed a low signal intensity in the spinal cord at the level of thoracic vertebra (TV)2-TV6. T2 weighted images revealed a high signal intensity area of the spinal cord from TV4-TV6. A gadolinium-DTPA injection revealed an enhancement on the left side of the spinal cord at the TV2-3 level, and right side of the spinal cord at the TV4-5 level on the sagittal and axial images. A thermal sweating test revealed hypohidrosis below the Th8 level on the right side, and the Th11 level on the left side. Sweating was delayed at the Th7-8 levels on the right side and Th10-11 levels on the left side. An irradiated field on the chest revealed hypohidrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of radiation myelopathy with characteristic findings of thermoregulatory sweat distribution and magnetic resonance images]. 829 78

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare cause of subacute dementia. A patient with limbic encephalitis and small-cell lung carcinoma is reported in whom the onset of subacute cognitive impairment was obscured by concurrent Alzheimer's disease. MRI revealed increased T2 signal in medial temporal lobes which corresponded to inflammatory pathology demonstrated at necropsy. High titres of antineuronal antibody (type II, anti-Hu) were present at death. Direct immunofluorescent staining of necropsy tissue revealed IgG bound to most remaining neurons in the temporal lobe. Antineuronal antibody screening and MRI are important in detecting limbic encephalitis.
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PMID:Limbic encephalitis occurring in association with Alzheimer's disease. 833 58

We prospectively investigated 40 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) for signs of brain metastasis by neurological examination and MRI of the brain, to determine the significance of MRI for staging. MRI could not be completed in one patient, who was excluded from the study. The MRI studies of the remaining patients showed no abnormalities in 12, cerebral infarcts in 2 and brain metastases in 11 patients, of whom 3 no relevant symptoms. Nonenhancing white matter lesions were found in 14 patients. In 3 of the 4 patients with an abnormal neurological examination at diagnosis, nonenhancing white matter lesions later developed into contrast enhancing lesions compatible with brain metastases; in 2, this occurred during the course of the chemotherapy. MRI did not change the clinical staging in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases.
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PMID:MRI in detection of brain metastases at initial staging of small-cell lung cancer. 874 Nov 87

MRI of the whole spine and radionuclide bone scan were performed prospectively on 50 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed non small-cell lung carcinoma. The final diagnosis of vertebral metastasis was made by means of follow-up studies. The prevalence of vertebral metastasis was 24% (12/50 patients). The sensitivity of MR imaging (92%) was superior to that of radionuclide bone scan (67%) in the detection of vertebral involvement, the specificity was the same (94%). MRI of the spine was not useful as a screening procedure before treatment, but offered advantages over radionuclide bone scan in patients with symptoms and when bone scintigraphy detected abnormal foci, including identification of additional vertebral metastatic foci and better analysis of the extent of metastatic involvement within vertebrae.
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PMID:[MRI in the early diagnosis of spinal metastases of bronchial cancer]. 883 Jan 42

Type 1 antineuronal nuclear autoantibody (ANNA-1, also known as "anti-Hu") is a marker of neurologic autoimmunity that is highly associated with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). To determine the spectrum of symptoms and signs as well as the frequency of cancer in adult patients who are seropositive for ANNA-1, we reviewed 162 sequential patients (67% female) identified as ANNA-1-positive in a comprehensive immunofluorescence screening test. In 21% of these patients, the antibody test requested by the physician was not ANNA-1. By the end of the follow-up period, cancer had been found in 142 patients (88%). Ten of these lacked evidence of SCLC (4 had prostate carcinoma, 3 breast carcinoma, 1 both prostate carcinoma and melanoma, 1 lymphoma, and 1 squamous-cell lung carcinoma). Of the 132 patients (81%) with proven SCLC, 17 had one or more coexisting malignant neoplasms (6 had renal carcinoma, 4 another lung primary carcinoma, 3 prostate carcinoma, 3 breast carcinoma, and 4 assorted neoplasms). The diagnosis of SCLC in 128 patients (97%) followed the onset of paraneoplastic symptoms. SCLC was identified in 10 patients by chest MRI after an equivocal chest radiograph or CT; in 28 by bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, or thoracotomy; and in 7 at autopsy. Neurologic signs in decreasing frequency were neuropathy (sensory > mixed somatic > autonomic > cranial [especially cranial nerve VIII] > motor), cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, polyradiculopathy, associated Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myopathy, myelopathy, opsoclonus/myoclonus, motor neuronopathy, brachial plexopathy, and aphasia. Nineteen patients had a solely gastrointestinal initial presentation, including gastroparesis, pseudo-obstruction, esophageal achalasia, or other dysmotility. We conclude that seropositivity for ANNA-1 can expedite the diagnosis and treatment of otherwise occult cancer in patients, especially tobacco abusers, with varied neurologic and gastroenterologic presentations. The search for SCLC should not end on discovering a different neoplasm.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic and oncologic profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies. 952 Dec 51

Fifty-two brain metastatic lesions occurring in 20 patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were irradiated, and then the relationship between tumor size, dose and control was clinically and histopathologically studied. Lesions of 8 mm in diameter and those of 10 mm in diameter were determined to be controllable by irradiation at about 38 Gy and 42 Gy, respectively. According to size-dependent curative minimum doses, the lesions could be divided by the 10 Gy/ 5fr/wk method into controlled and non-controlled groups with the curve expressed as dose (Gy) = 15.27 log10 [tumor volume (mm3)] +0.6. Based on these results, tumors of 2 mm and 3 mm in diameter were estimated to be controllable at 14 and 20 Gy, respectively. Thus prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in the treatment of SCLC was thought to be not always necessary if early treatment of small metastatic lesions, detected by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI could be achieved. The optimal interval between follow-up examinations was thought to be 1 month during the first two years after the diagnosis of SCLC, and then 3 months after that. In addition, the omission of PCI can save many patients who do not actually require PCI from suffering its adverse effects.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastasis from small cell lung carcinoma: study on appropriately controlled dose]. 961 58


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