Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgical resection remains the best treatment for Stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer. In Stage IIIA disease the use of induction therapy has become widespread, although evidence supporting this approach is still preliminary. However, in subsets of patients with T3 tumours without mediastinal nodal involvement and those with certain single station, non-bulky N2 disease, surgery alone is still the preferred therapy. Studies show survival rates with surgery alone the same or higher than those achieved by most induction therapy regimens.
Lung Cancer 1997 Jun
PMID:The limits of surgical resection alone for non-small cell lung cancer. 921 6

Experimental studies revealed that growth and expansion of solid tumours depend on angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is very important factor for neoplastic metastasis. The presence of the metastasis is an ominous prognostic factor for many tumours, also for lung cancer. Studies of tumour microvessel density in resected non-small lung cancers have not given convincing data about value of angiogenesis. Only few reports regarded the association with angiogenesis in different histological types in lung carcinoma. Samples of 35 adenocarcinomas and 41 squamous cell resected, primary lung carcinomas were studied. Paraffin sections of tumours were stained immunohistochemically by antibody against endothelial marker CD34. Angiogenesis intensity was measured in the areas of the most active fields of tumour neovascularization. Microvessel density (MD) was higher in adenocarcinoma comparing to squamous cell cancer, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0,095). The groups of various stage of extension of disease in each histological type were compared-MD correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0,003) in the adenocarcinoma, whilst in squamous cell can cer differences between various groups of nodal involvement were not statistically significant (p = 0,53 and p = 0,22 respectively). Our results suggest that more intensive angiogenesis in adenocarcinoma could be more important factor for metastasis of adenocarcinoma than for squamous tumours. In the latter group angiogenesis may be more important for growth of squamous cell cancers, while the spread of squamous tumours may depend on other mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumour angiogenesis in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of lung. 933 44

A total of 59 general thoracic surgeons of 21 academically based thoracic surgery centres in Turkey were surveyed to identify the attitudes toward mediastinal investigations in patients with lung cancer. The surgeons were asked 16 questions in five separate groups by survey questionnaire. Analyses of the replies were as follows: Group I: 37 (62.7%) of the respondents were working in 11 centres where > 100 patients are admitted or referred for lung cancer annually. More than 50 thoracotomies are performed for lung cancer annually in one third of the centres in which 28 (47.5%) respondents work. Group II: Among the diagnostic methods for evaluating mediastinum, surgeons most commonly used the computed tomography, mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy and scalene lymph node biopsy. Invasive staging was done routinely by ten (16.9%) and selectively by 44 (74.6%). Group III: In patients with preoperatively histologically proven ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node involvement, 39 (66.1%) were advocates of operating. When the lymph node(s) was found to be positive at operation, 33 of them (55.9%) gave the decision with respect to the number, size and presence of pericapsular invasion of the node(s), while 24 (40.7%) decided to perform lung resection in every situation. Group IV: All accessible mediastinal nodes were said to be removed at thoracotomy by 37 (62.7%). Group V: Currently available methods for mediastinal investigation were found to be partially sufficient by 37 (62.7%). The most important factor in predicting postoperative survival was selected as nodal status by 27 (45.8%). It is noticed that nearly all thoracic surgeons in Turkey perform mediastinal investigation preoperatively in patients with lung cancer, however, the impact of lymph node status needs to be more commonly appreciated.
Lung Cancer 1998 Mar
PMID:A survey analysis of thoracic surgeons in Turkey on mediastinal investigation of lung cancer. 963 67

Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) represent specific markers of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in lung cancer. Because the polysialic acid form (NCAM-PSA) has reduced adhesion properties, we hypothesized that NCAM-PSA expression could favor metastatic spread. Immunostaining of NCAM and NCAM-PSA were therefore compared in 120 NE lung tumors, including 17 typical carcinoids, 3 atypical carcinoids, 30 large cell NE carcinomas and 70 small cell lung carcinomas, as compared with 25 adenocarcinomas and 25 squamous cell carcinomas. Neural cell adhesion molecules were negative in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas but were constantly expressed in all NE tumors from typical carcinoids to small cell lung carcinomas. NCAM-PSA expression was significantly more frequent in high-grade tumors, with 24 of 30 positive cases in large cell NE carcinomas and 65 of 70 positive cases in small cell lung carcinoma, than in carcinoids with 10 of 17 and 2 of 3 positive cases in typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids, respectively. The neural cell adhesion molecule-polysialic acid form scores of staining were significantly higher in high-grade as compared with low-grade tumors (p = 0.002), and were correlated with nodal spread (p = 0.04) and metastasis (p = 0.016) across histologic classes but not in individual tumor type. We conclude that NCAM-PSA connotes poor differentiation and aggressive clinical behavior in the spectrum of NE lung tumors, but cannot be regarded as a prognostic factor in individual tumor classes.
 ...
PMID:Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) and NCAM-PSA expression in neuroendocrine lung tumors. 1068 Sep 8

The 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has only marginally improved during the past two decades, despite advances in surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Major efforts are currently directed toward biological characterization of these tumors to define biomarkers able to add further prognostic information, thus improving new therapeutic protocols. We analyzed the predictive relevance of the microvessel count (MC), bcl-2 and p53 proteins, proliferative activity, and usual postsurgical parameters on recurrence and overall survival in a series of 70 patients with NSCLC. The expression of biological parameters (p53, bcl-2, proliferative activity, and MC) was detected using immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded and frozen sections from the tumors treated with surgical resection alone until relapse. In the univariate analysis, the histotype, tumor status, node status, p53, bcl-2, and MC have been shown to significantly affect progression and death. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the MC (P < 0.000001), tumor status (P < 0.005), and node status (P < 0.0002) influenced the overall survival while prediction of relapse was strongly revealed by tumor status (P < 0.005), nodal metastatic involvement (P < 0.000001), and the assessment of the vascular count (P < 0.0004). These data have allowed the creation of a multivariate model which may add more information on risk of recurrence and death in patients with NSCLC and can form the basis for future randomized clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:Recurrence and death in non-small cell lung carcinomas: a prognostic model using pathological parameters, microvessel count, and gene protein products. 981 69

The ability to detect occult regional and systemic metastases in patients with operable lung carcinoma could have a significant impact on the management of the disease. Here, we review the literature, including studies from our own laboratory, regarding the clinical significance of the presence of occult metastases in patients with lung cancer. The accumulated evidence strongly suggests that the detection of occult regional and systemic metastases is an important predictor of disease progression. The use of this method should be considered in the future design of lung cancer clinical trials, at the very least. The detection of occult metastases should have an impact on lung cancer management; to reflect this, we propose a change in the TNM staging system to indicate the presence or absence of occult regional (lymph node) and systemic (bone marrow) metastases. The proposed change is TNnMm, where n and m are occult nodal and bone marrow metastases status.
 ...
PMID:Detection of occult metastases in lung carcinomas: progress and implications for lung cancer staging. 988 45

Several authors proposed the stage at diagnosis and some histopathological features as prognostic factors of bronchial carcinoids. However, since large tumour diameters or nodal metastases are frequently associated to aggressive histology, their prognostic role is unclear. To investigate the relationships between the clinicopathological parameters at diagnosis and outcome, 21 patients were analysed. Overall 26% of the radically resected patients recurred. Recurrences and disease-specific mortality were related to atypical histology and, only in cases with typical histology, to the presence of hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastases. These prognostic factors were valuable independently of the size of the primary tumour, that was remarkably homogeneous, always less than 3 cm, thus not predictive of recurrence. Moreover we evaluated the role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, a diagnostic tool only preliminary studied in this field. Scintigraphy with 111In-octreotide revealed the primary tumours at diagnosis (8/8), the increase in tumour size in two unresected patients, and all the cases of recurrent or metastatic disease (5/11), sometimes before the appearance of symptoms. These results suggest the usefulness of histology and nodal status as prognostic factors in clinical practice. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy turns out to be a powerful diagnostic tool, for an accurate staging and an early diagnosis of recurrence in bronchial carcinoids.
Lung Cancer 1998 Nov
PMID:Bronchial carcinoid tumours: a study on clinicopathological features and role of octreotide scintigraphy. 1002 17

Cadherins are transmembrane cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) that mediate cell-cell interactions and are important for maintenance of epithelial cell integrity. This function is dependent on an indirect interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of the cadherin molecule with three cytoplasmic proteins known as alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenin (-cat). Growing evidence suggests that alterations in cadherin or catenin expression or function may be important to the development of an invasive or metastatic phenotype. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of the two major epithelial cadherins, E-cadherin (E-cad) and P-cadherin (P-cad) as well as alpha- and gamma-cat in normal bronchial epithelium and in a series of carefully TMN-staged pulmonary adenocarcinomas (n = 21) and squamous cell carcinomas (n = 7). The cadherin profile of normal pseudostratified bronchial epithelium was heterogeneous. Basilar cells strongly expressed P-cad, alpha- and gamma-cat, while columnar cells moderately expressed E-cad, alpha- and gamma-cat. In contrast to other epithelial tumors, E-cad on non-small cell lung carcinomas was actually upregulated, however, a decrease in P-cad expression was noted in 68%. At least one cadherin or catenin was downregulated, compared to normal bronchial epithelium, in 82% of tumors examined. With the exception of an association between loss of P-cad expression and poorly differentiated state, changes in cadherin and catenin expression levels were not significantly correlated to tumor stage, cell type, or nodal status. These findings illustrate that alteration of expression of cadherins and catenins are often found in non-small cell lung carcinoma when compared to the progenitor bronchial epithelium, and may play a role in the development of the malignant phenotype.
Lung Cancer 1999 Jun
PMID:Cadherin and catenin expression in normal human bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancer. 1046 3

The outcome of limited field irradiation for medically inoperable patients with peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was analyzed to discuss the elective irradiation of regional lymph nodes. From 1976 through 1994, 36 patients with peripheral stage I NSCLC were treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) alone at Gunma University hospital. The total dose ranged from 60 to 81 Gy with a 2 Gy-daily standard fractionation, although only one patient received 48 Gy. Ten patients received elective irradiation of the regional lymph nodes with a total dose of 40 Gy or more. The overall response rate was 97% with 31% complete responses. The overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 42 and 23%, and disease-specific survival rates were 56 and 39% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. In 26 patients without the elective regional irradiation, disease-specific survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 53 and 40%, respectively, whereas they were 64 and 39% in 10 patients with the regional nodal irradiation. The cumulative 5-year local progression rate was 28%, and the overall progression rate was 60% at 5 years. Four patients had a local recurrence as the only site of initial tumor progression. Combined local and regional progression was seen in two patients, and one patient had a local recurrence in combination with distant metastasis. Twelve patients had distant failure without evidence of local or regional progression. Only one patient without regional nodal irradiation developed an isolated regional failure. No patient had serious complications related to RT. High-dose limited field RT is justified for medically inoperable patients with peripheral stage I NSCLC. The regional nodal irradiation can be omitted in these pulmonary compromised patients because of the low regional relapse rate. Dose-escalation by a conformal RT with a small target volume can be expected to provide a better local control rate and better survival.
Lung Cancer 1999 Dec
PMID:Limited field irradiation for medically inoperable patients with peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer. 1059 23

The nm23 gene has been implicated as a suppressor gene involved in the control of the metastatic process of malignant cells. Reduced levels of nm23 gene product have been found in tumor cells with high metastatic potential such as several types of rodent tumors and human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma. This pilot study examines the expression of the nm23 gene product compared with nodal status in 70 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on these tumor tissues with a monoclonal antibody to nm23-H1 peptide sequence. The tissues were scored from 0 to 2 by 2 independent observers. Reduced immunoreactivity, grades 0 and 1, was observed in 30 patients with positive nodal status (N = 34, 88%). Strong immunoreactivity, grade 2, was observed in 20 patients with negative nodal status (N = 36, 56%). Reduced expression of nm23 gene product was observed in patients with positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0. 0006, chi(2)). However, no significant differences in survival of these groups based on nm23 expression could be shown with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. This initial finding in the difference of nm23 gene product expression in patients with differing lymph node status is exciting but must be further validated with future studies.
 ...
PMID:Expression of nm23 antimetastatic gene product in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 1062 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>