Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands have been shown to play a significant role in evasion of malignant tumour cells from the immune system. Last year, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved anti-PD-1 inhibitors for treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma and recently has approved anti-PD-L1 blocker for treatment of metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma. However, the role that the immune system might have on benign tumours including vascular anomalies has received less attention. In this study, we evaluated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on two benign vascular anomalies: infantile haemangiomas and venous malformations. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from these two entities were stained for PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies. Blood vessels from normal tissue were used as control. The endothelial cells in both infantile haemangioma and venous malformation showed high expression of PD-1 but were negative for PD-L1. Endothelial cells within the blood vessels in normal tissues were negative for both PD-1 and PD-L1. Our results showed over-expression of PD-1 in subsets of vascular anomalies, while PD-L1 was negative. This would raise the possibility of immunotherapy in benign vascular tumour when other options are exhausted.
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PMID:Enhanced expression of Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein in benign vascular anomalies. 2823 17

Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction has been linked to tumor immune evasion. PD-L1 expression has been indicated in identifying non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients for treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic values of PD-L1 expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PD-L1 gene in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). The 147 NSCLC tissues consisted of 84 samples of ADC and 63 samples of SqCC. All tissue microarray paraffin blocks were used for PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays with 22C3, SP263, and SP142 clones. Three SNPs in the PD-L1 gene, rs4143815, rs822336, and rs822337, were genotyped using SNP pyrosequencing. The PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in SqCC than in ADC. Among ADCs, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in papillary and solid types than in lepidic and acinar types. Statistical associations of the PD-L1 expression with a shorter disease-free survival outcome and lymph node metastasis in the ADCs were found but no associations in SqCCs. Among the three SNPs, the rs4143815 genotype CC was statistically associated with positive 22C3 PD-L1 labeling in NSCLCs. The rs4143815 genotype GG instead showed a trend of shorter survival outcomes but did not reach statistical significance in the ADCs. Our results showed a significantly higher prevalence of positive PD-L1 expression in lung SqCC than in ADC. However, the PD-L1 expression and rs4143815 genotype GG might be useful for the prediction of poor prognosis in lung ADC cases.
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PMID:Association of PD-L1 expression and PD-L1 gene polymorphism with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 2885 62

Programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction protects cancer cells from immune destruction. Blocking the pathway allows infiltrated T cells to kill tumor cells (TCs), in order to prevent tumor proliferation and distant migration. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade (CPB) has emerged as a powerful weapon conquering multiple cancer. However, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are not perfect biomarkers for patients selection to treated with immunotherapy. Increasing evidence showed that other immune-related factored must be payed enough attention and combined biomarkers present promising prospects. Here, we give an overview on available biomarkers in clinic and potential biomarkers for future research.
Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019 Nov
PMID:Biomarker for personalized immunotherapy. 3185 54