Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Morphological assessment of two samples of monoclonal antibodies (mcAB) to gamma-unit of neurospecific human enolase (NSE) is performed. It is established that mcABs interact in the tissue sections with neurons of the brain and spinal cord, gangliocytes of the central and peripheral nervous system this proving their specificity. 56 cases of lung carcinoma are studied using these mcABs; endocrine carcinoma was found in 11 cases, nonendocrine--in 45 cases. Neuroendocrine differentiation is revealed in 8 of 45 cases of non-small cell carcinoma; in all observations of small cell carcinoma NSE was found.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies to neuron-specific enolase in phenotyping lung cancer]. 144 41

We report the fine needle aspiration cytology findings in six cases of neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Three cases were from the pancreas, two from hepatic metastases and one from a peripancreatic lymph node metastasis. The cytologic features that permitted a preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor were: a cellular aspirate; numerous isolated cells and irregular, loose, dyshesive cellular aggregates; minimal nuclear pleomorphism; infrequent mitoses; fine, evenly dispersed nuclear chromatin with occasional inconspicuous nucleoli; a scant-moderate amount of granular, amphophilic, well-defined cytoplasm; clustering of tumor cells around segments of capillaries; and rosette formation. The differential diagnosis includes cells derived from normal pancreatic acini, islet cell hyperplasia, acinic cell carcinoma, well-differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung, pancreatic small cell anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. The application of immunocytochemistry to cytologic smears can be easily and reliably performed to confirm the neuroendocrine nature of the tumor and identify the specific type of polypeptide hormone or hormones produced by these tumors. Four aspirates showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin, and one was positive for gastrin. Cells of a lipid-rich neuroendocrine tumor were negative for chromogranin; however, the tissue section contained neuron specific enolase, and neurosecretory granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytology of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. A cytologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study. 152 21

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the gamma isozyme of human enolase (known as neuron-specific enolase or NSE) have been raised against synthetic peptides after coupling to carrier protein: the selected peptides were those corresponding to regions of amino acid sequence difference between the alpha and gamma subunits of these closely similar isozymes. This technique gave monoclonal antibodies of high specificity and affinity. Two monoclonal antibodies raised against different peptides were used to develop a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using one as the solid-phase antibody and the other conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to detect the bound NSE. This assay provides a simple and routine method of detecting NSE in serum samples from patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung and related tumours.
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PMID:A simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the neuron-specific gamma isozyme of human enolase (NSE) using monoclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides corresponding to isozyme sequence differences. 162 11

In 17 cases of resected small cell carcinoma of the lung, there were 4 cases of central type and 13 cases of peripheral type. Histologic subtypes were classified into oat cell carcinoma (OAT), intermediate cell type (INT), and small cell carcinoma with large cell component (SC/LC). SC/LC was divided according to the criteria of Radice et al. Immunohistochemically, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used as markers for neuroendocrine cells, and keratin and secretory component (SC) were used as markers for epithelial and gland epithelial cells, respectively. Histologically, 4 cases of the central type were divided into 3 cases of INT and one case of SC/LC. Thirteen cases of the peripheral type were divided into 3 cases of OAT, 6 cases of INT, and 4 cases of SC/LC. SC/LC was more frequently seen in the peripheral type than in the central type. Immunohistochemically, there was no difference in the frequency of positive staining for GRP and NSE between the central and peripheral types, but positive staining for keratin and SC were more frequent in the peripheral type than in the central type. Three cases who survived more than 3 years were histologically divided into two cases of INT and one case of SC/LC. Immunohistochemically, these 3 cases showed positive staining for GRP or NSE, but also showed positive staining for keratin or SC. Our results showed that some of the peripheral type small cell carcinoma of the lung had histologic and immunohistochemical features which were different from those of typical small cell carcinoma. Long survival time after resection in some of the peripheral cases might be due to these features.
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PMID:[Central and peripheral type small cell carcinoma of the lung--histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical analyses]. 169 98

The HK-1 cell line established from a human large cell lung carcinoma shows a high transformed phenotype and undifferentiated characteristics. This cell line grows as an adherent monolayer in fetal calf serum-supplemented medium, shows a high proliferation index, is able to grow in semi-solid agar and is tumorigenic in athymic nude rats. The cell line HK-2 derived from the HK-1 xenograft in athymic nude rats shows basically the same features found in the original HK-1 cell line, which include aneuploid nuclear DNA content, abnormal chromosomal number. rearranged marker chromosomes and abnormally localised nucleolar organizer regions. Cytokeratin and vimentin intermediary-sized filaments were found in both cell lines as well as in the original and induced tumour, while neither oncofetal antigens (alphafeto-protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, chorionic gonatropin and human placental lactogen) nor neural differentiation markers (neurofilament and neural specific enolase) were expressed. Analysis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in the cell cultures and in the nude rat induced tumour showed high expression of chondroitin sulphate.
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PMID:Comparative characterization of a human large cell lung carcinoma cell line and the xenograft derived cell line. 185 72

We report an abnormal pattern for enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzymes in the serum of a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma. The alpha alpha-isoenzyme was present but the alpha gamma form was not detected, and near the point of application on the electrophoretogram was an abnormal band. We determined that the abnormal fraction corresponded to a macroenolase, composed of the alpha gamma-isoenzyme complexed with IgG. From a practical point of view, the presence of such a macroenolase, containing gamma-subunits, results in falsely increased results for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in procedures that determine only the NSE concentration without consideration of the enolase isoenzymes.
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PMID:Atypical enolase isoenzyme in serum: a macroenolase formed from the alpha gamma-hybrid form. 224 94

Forty one cases of large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung (LCACL) were investigated by electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase studies for cytokeratin, enolase, and carcinoembryonic antigen. The results indicated that these neoplasias, grouped as an unique entity by ordinary histopathologic findings, may be further divided into five groups as follows: squamous, adenomatous, adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, and undifferentiated. The authors suggest that this subclassification may be useful in treatment orientation and in the prognostic evaluation of these neoplasias.
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PMID:Large cell carcinoma of the lung. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features. 242 62

In this study, the author has evaluated the diagnostic versatility of the neuron specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), and serum antigens (KA 32, KA 93) which are detected by anti-human lung carcinoma monoclonal antibodies (KM 32, KM 93) in patients before initiating any treatment. The positive rates of the serum NSE, CEA, TPA, KA 32 and KA 93 in all patients suffering from lung carcinoma were 31.4% (32/102), 52.8% (56/106), 63.3% (62/98), 52% (13/25) and 20% (24/120) respectively. Serum NSE was positive in 80.8% (21/26) of patients suffering from small cell type lung carcinoma (SCLC) and the mean value (32.7 +/- 25.4 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those of other varieties of lung carcinoma. The positive rate of serum CEA in adenocarcinoma (70.2%) was significantly higher than those of squamous cell carcinoma (22.2%). There was no significant statistical difference in positive rates of TPA in various histological types of lung carcinoma. The NSE and CEA were 44.0% (22/50) and 70.6% (36/51) in the stage IV disease and they appeared to reflect the progress and extent of the disease. The TPA tended to show a positive rate even at the initial stage of the disease, but, it was noteworthy that this disclosed a relatively high false positive rate of 54.2% (13/24). Moreover, determination of the serum NSE was performed chronologically. A lowered serum NSE value was confirmed in all cases which responded to the therapeutic attempts and unchanged values or even elevated values were noted in cases which showed no favourable response or rapid progression of the disease. It was also noteworthy that the serum NSE elevation was found 2-6 weeks prior to the clinical confirmation of the recurrence of the tumor in three patients suffering from SCLC. Based on these observations, it is suggested that the serum NSE may serve as a versatile tumor marker in monitoring the stage of disease, effectiveness of the therapeutic attempts and prediction of the possibility of the recurrence in SCLC. However, in view of the fact that some of the cases that obviously demonstrated clinical evidence of tumor recurrence failed to show elevation of the NSE, caution should be exercised in evaluating the alteration of the positive rates. The monoclonal antibody that works against human lung squamous cell carcinoma (KM 32) and antibody that works against human lung adenocarcinoma (KM 93) were isolated and purified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of the versatility of various tumor markers in diagnosing the primary carcinoma of the lung]. 254 67

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against neuron-specific enolase, gamma gamma-enolase, and used in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), with mono-disperse magnetizable particles as the solid phase. The assay's sensitivity was 0.4 microgram/L and the interassay coefficient of variation was less than 5% in the working range from 0.4 to 170 micrograms/L. Compared with our radioimmunoassay based on polyclonal antibodies, the incubation time is shorter, and precision and sensitivity are improved. The IRMA also improved detection of neuron-specific enolase in sera from patients with lung cancer without a concomitant change in measured enolase in the reference population. The better sensitivity of the IRMA results from its ability to measure alpha gamma- and gamma gamma-enolase with equal response. Ninety percent of the small-cell lung carcinoma patients (36 of 40) had increased values before treatment, compared with 7% of non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients (8 of 114).
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PMID:Immunoradiometric assay for alpha gamma- and gamma gamma-enolase (neuron-specific enolase), with use of monoclonal antibodies and magnetizable polymer particles. 255 40

Human cell lines with neuronal and neuroendocrine features were examined for their expression of pp60c-src, the cellular homolog of the transforming gene product pp60v-src of Rous sarcoma virus. Four neuroblastoma (LA-N-5, SH-SY5Y, Paju, and SK-N-MC) and three small-cell lung carcinoma (U-2020, U-1690, and U-1285) cell lines were selected on the basis of their stage of neurocrine differentiation, as determined by the expression of neuron-specific enolase. In an immune complex protein kinase assay, all seven cell lines displayed c-src kinase activity which was considerably higher than that found in nonneurocrine cells (human diploid fibroblasts, glioma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines). Furthermore, the c-src kinase activity, as determined by autophosphorylation or phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate, enolase, correlated with the stage of neurocrine differentiation. There was an approximately 30-fold difference in c-src kinase autophosphorylation activity between the cell lines representing the highest and lowest stages of neurocrine differentiation. A similar variation was found in the steady-state levels of the c-src protein of these cell lines. Highly differentiated neuroblastoma cells expressed two forms of the src protein. Digestion by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease did reveal structural diversity in the amino-terminal ends of these c-src molecules. In summary, we found a clear correlation between c-src kinase activity and the stage of neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation. Thus, the phenotypic similarity between neurons and neuroendocrine cells includes high c-src expression.
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PMID:Expression of c-src in cultured human neuroblastoma and small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines correlates with neurocrine differentiation. 283 Apr 84


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