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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several recent studies have confirmed the endocrine nature of small cell carcinoma of the lung. In extra-pulmonary sites, small cell 'undifferentiated' carcinomas have classical morphological features similar to their pulmonary counterpart. We therefore investigated, using immunocytochemistry, the possibility that the non-pulmonary neoplasms may also be endocrine in nature. Sections of 29 small cell carcinomas from oesophagus, stomach, larynx, colon and urinary bladder were immunostained using antisera to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin, leucocyte common antigen and peptides including bombesin, the C-flanking peptide of human probombesin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, neurotensin, calcitonin and pancreatic polypeptide. All the tumours showed immunoreactivity for at least one of the two general endocrine markers PGP 9.5 and NSE. Twenty-three of the 29 cases were immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, 27 for NSE. All were positive for cytokeratin and negative for leucocyte common antigen. Of the regulatory peptides, immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to bombesin (one case), the C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin (14 cases), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (one case) and calcitonin (three cases). No PGP 9.5-, NSE- or peptide-like immunoreactivity was detected in 25 control tumours from similar sites, including lymphomas and poorly differentiated tumours. These results suggest that non-pulmonary small cell carcinoma has an endocrine character.
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PMID:Endocrine differentiation of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to PGP 9.5, neuron-specific enolase and the C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin. 302 89

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was evaluated in a number of malignant tumours. It was elevated (greater than 12.5 micrograms l-1) in 13/17 (76.5%) patients with extensive small-cell lung carcinoma and in none of the three patients with limited disease. Of patients with carcinoma of the breast 4/12 (33.3%) had elevated concentrations. Normal concentrations were found in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (19) and Hodgkin's disease (15), carcinoma of the cervix (2), CSF and serum (5) of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (with definite nervous system involvement). Comparative serial studies of NSE and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations were done in 15 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Of these 7/15 (46.7%) had elevated pre-treatment concentrations of both CEA and NSE, 1/15 (6.7%) had CEA elevated only, while 2/15 (13.3%) had NSE alone elevated. Of those patients with normal pre-treatment marker concentrations 3/5 (60%) had elevated markers on recurrence. The mean survival period was 61.9 weeks; 66.8 weeks for the marker-negative group and 44.6 weeks for the marker-positive (both NSE and CEA) group. Combined NSE and CEA evaluation provide additional means of monitoring SCLC.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumour marker and comparative evaluation with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in small-cell lung cancer. 303 5

201Tl/67Ga crude uptake ratio (CUR) was measured in 12 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL); it was further compared with serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and the actual survival times. A significant inverse correlation was observed between CUR and serum NSE (r = 0.610; p less than 0.05); CUR also correlated with actual survival time (r = 0.605; p less than 0.05). Oat cell-type SCCL having a low CUR and highly raised serum NSE, showed a poorer prognosis than the other subtype which has a high CUR whose serum NSE was not raised as much as in oat cell-type SCCL. This preliminary study suggests that 201Tl/67Ga uptake ratio is a possible prognostic indicator of SCCL.
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PMID:201Tl/67Ga uptake ratio in small cell carcinoma of the lung: with special reference to serum neuron-specific enolase and prognosis. 303 32

TNM stage, immunostaining with various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, analysis of distance of neighboring cells, remission rates, and survival were analyzed in 60 patients suffering from small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The majority of patients showed advanced tumors at the time of admission to hospital (T2, T3 stage). Distant metastases prior to chemotherapy were detected in 34 patients. Partial remissions lasting 2-4 months were observed in 38 patients, and complete remission was documented in 7 patients. The remission rate was independent of cell type but dependent on the stage of the tumor. Some 30 patients showed positive staining with an antibody recognizing epitopes detectable on carcinoembryonic antigen, whereas 60% of the tumors were positive to a polyclonal neuron-specific enolase antibody. Tissue polypeptide antigen was found to stain positively in 5 cases only. Some 14 patients with negative staining against the monoclonal antibody BMA 406/14 showed prolonged survival compared to patients with positive staining (P less than 0.05). Patients suffering from tumors with smaller distances between neighboring cells had worse prognoses compared to patients with larger distances (P less than 0.01). Survival of patients was found to be indistinguishable if cohorts were grouped according to T stage, N stage, or existence of distant metastases. Ten patients who underwent surgical treatment of tumors did not show prolonged survival compared to 50 patients treated by combined chemotherapy only.
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PMID:TNM stage, immunohistology, syntactic structure analysis and survival in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. 304 Jul 67

Two cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland are reported. This rare neoplasm usually presents as a painful or painless mass in the gland. The finding of neurosecretory granules by electron microscopic study, combined with strong immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin, confirms the true neuroendocrine origin of the carcinoma. This tumor appears to have a better prognosis than small cell carcinoma of the lung, which it resembles histologically.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the parotid gland: a report of two cases with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. 367 98

In this brief communication, the authors indicate that amounts of neuron-specific enolase higher than 30 ng/ml are observed only in 1% of non-tumoral processes, and that when found in patients with respiratory symptoms a microcytic carcinoma of the lung can be suspected in 97% of the cases.
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PMID:[Neuron-specific serum enolase in patients with non-tumor pathologies]. 384 3

A double-antibody radioimmunoassay for human neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was developed, using rabbit antiserum against the gamma subunit of enolase purified from human brain. Intra-assay variance was 3.8-5.1% and inter-assay variance 4.3-7.3%, and recovery of NSE added to normal serum was 100.2% on average. Normal serum NSE levels for 451 adults ranged from 3.6 to 10.8 ng/ml (mean 6.6 ng/ml). Antibodies raised against the gamma gamma enolase isozyme did not cross-react with the alpha alpha and beta beta isozymes at concentrations of 1,000 ng/ml, but showed a cross-reactivity of 41.5% (theoretically 50%) with the alpha gamma isozyme. It was also shown that hemolysis of 160 mg/dl hemoglobin can add 5.73 ng/ml of NSE to the true level. The coefficient of correlation between the radioimmunoassay and the sandwich enzyme immunoassay [1] was 0.99 (n = 21), and values determined by the RIA were about twice those obtained by the EIA. Serum NSE was abnormally high in 42 of 52 patients (80.8%) with small cell lung carcinoma, and in all 38 children with neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay development for human neuron-specific enolase: with some clinical results in lung cancers and neuroblastoma. 389 69

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are two very good tumor markers for diagnosis and for monitoring response to therapy in patients with lung carcinoma. Especially, NSE has a high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of small-cell lung cancer and for management of these patients.
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PMID:[Determination of tumor markers NSE and CEA in patients with various lung diseases, especially carcinomas]. 395 6

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been increasingly recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors including small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). To prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for human NSE, we first developed a simple method of purifying NSE by direct chromatofocusing of a crude extract of human brain tissue. BALB/c mice were then immunized with our preparation of NSE, and MAbs against NSE were generated utilizing a hybridoma technique. The antibodies were screened against both NSE and non-neuronal enolase (NNE) by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA). After cloning and subcloning of hybridomas, two groups of anti-NSE MAbs were identified by SPRIA. One group reacted specifically with NSE but not with its isoenzyme NNE, irrespective of whether antigens were glutaraldehyde fixed or unfixed. A second group reacted with both NSE and NNE when the latter were glutaraldehyde fixed, but surprisingly with neither antigen in the absence of fixation. Group I antibodies were further characterized by immunoblotting, and by immunocytochemistry of normal brain and liver sections and sections of SCCL. The results further supported the specificity of group I antibodies for NSE. These MAbs have potential utility in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, and in further understanding the biology of NSE.
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PMID:Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human neuron-specific enolase. 396 94

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung was evaluated by immunostaining or enzyme immunoassay. NSE productions were immunocytochemically detected in most of small cell carcinoma and a few cases of other histological type of carcinoma. The data obtained in this study suggested that NSE is a marker for lung carcinoma which exhibit the properties of neuroendocrine tumors and is not a marker for histogenesis of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Serum NSE analysis is suggested to be useful for the evaluation of disease extent, monitoring the clinical course and prediction of sensitivity to cytotoxic treatments.
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PMID:[Evaluation of neuron-specific enolase as a new tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung]. 608 70


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