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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical records and imaging studies of 140 patients who had 57Co-bleomycin scans were reviewed. In 53% of the patients with known tumor at the time of examination, all clinically demonstrable lesions picked up cobalt. The success rate was particularly high in carcinoma of the lung (15 of 17) and gastrointestinal tract (12 of 17). The major role of cobalt bleomycin seems to be as an early screening test for metastases in patients with carcinoma of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and uterus. The scan is most useful in demonstrating spread to the brain, liver, and adrenals.
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PMID:The place of 57Co-bleomycin scanning in the evaluation of tumors. 7 Sep 90

The concentration of cobalt-57 (57Co)-labeled bleomycin delivered to three brain metastases and to their tumors of origin in the lungs was measured using a single-photon emission computerized tomography technique. In two brain metastases the 57Co-bleomycin concentration measured at different times after the intravenous injection was significantly lower than that in the originating lung tumors (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001). In these two patients, the tumor cumulative concentration (TCC) of drug in the brain neoplasm compared to the lung carcinoma was 12.92 versus 15.12 and 10.30 versus 19.74 micrograms/cc/min. In the third patient there was no significant difference in drug concentration between the tumor in the brain and in the lung (TCC 16.02 vs. 15.09 micrograms/cc/min). There was a significant difference in the drug TCC between the three brain metastases: the difference between the lowest and highest concentrations was more than 50% (10.3 vs. 16.02 micrograms/cc/min). When the concentration in the tumor over time (CT(t)) of the 57Co-bleomycin was compared in the brain and lung tumors, a good correlation was found in each of the three cases (r = 0.93, 0.99, and 0.97). This suggests that the difference in drug uptake between brain metastases and their originating lung tumor is a quantitative rather than a qualitative phenomenon. The results show that the amount of drug to which brain metastases are exposed varies and may be very low in some tumors; therefore, effectiveness of drug delivery may play a role in the nonresponsiveness of brain metastases to treatment.
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PMID:Monitoring of 57Co-bleomycin delivery to brain metastases and their tumors of origin. 244 24

From 1967 to 1977, 72 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were seen. Thirty-five of these patients had unilaterally localized lesions (limited disease) and were treated with cobalt 60 radiation therapy (6,000 rad in six weeks) followed by chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), vincristine, methotrexate and lomustine (CCNU) (Group A). The remaining 37 patients with extensive disease were treated with similar chemotherapy alone, or in combination with local palliative radiotherapy to the symptomatic area (Group B). For Group A the five-year survival rate was 20 percent, while for both groups combined, it was only 5 percent.During this same period 560 patients with non-small cell carcinomas were treated. The five-year survival rate for those patients with operable, resectable lesions was 33 percent, while for those with unilateral, inoperable, unresectable lesions, it was 10 percent. Thus, it would appear that the results in limited small cell and non-small cell carcinomas of the lung utilizing high-dose radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy are comparable, and that limited small cell carcinoma of the lung patients with high-dose radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy can survive longer than those patients with stage III, non-small cell lung carcinoma.While the two- to five-year survival rates in small cell carcinoma demonstrate no appreciable differences, in non-small cell carcinomas there are significant two- to five-year survival differences. These improved results probably are due to the increased sensitivity of small cell carcinoma to high-dose local radiotherapy and to the chemotherapeutic vulnerability of circulating and microscopic metastatic cancer cells.
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PMID:Cure rates in small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung utilizing high-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 301

Between 1978 and 1983, 34 patients (32 evaluable) suffering from limited small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC-L) were treated following the protocol polychemotherapy (CAV) plus thoracic cobalt teletherapy and "precautionary" cranial irradiation (30 Gy in 2 weeks). Minimum follow-up was 30 months. After induction chemotherapy there was complete remission (CR) in 20% of cases whereas at the end of induction chemo-radiotherapy there was complete remission (CR) in 44% (p less than 0.05) of cases. Median duration of the responds was 12 months. Total median survival is 15 months, median NED survival 32 months (6-90 months). Seven out of 14 CR patients received consolidated thoracic radiotherapy (Rt); 6 of these survived disease-free for over 2 years. No salvage therapy carried out has proved useful. Only in one patient (3%) brain metastasis occurred. Iatrogenic toxicity was also kept within limits of brain level. The role Rt plays in increasing the CR percentage, in drastically diminishing the incidence of brain metastasis, in improving the quality of life by increasing the disease-free interval must be emphasized. Finally it should be noted that only CR patients have the possibility to become "long survivors".
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PMID:[Combined chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatment of limited pulmonary microcytoma]. 303 23

Parotid metastases are uncommon lesions. In most cases the skin of the head and neck is the site of the primary tumor, which is usually a squamous cell carcinoma or a melanoma. Infraclavicular or non-cutaneous head and neck cancers one less likely to cause a parotid metastasis. From 1968 to 1991, 38 patients (9 men and 5 women aged 45 to 96 years) affected with parotid metastases, were treated in the Department of Radiotherapy at the Ospedale Maggiore of Novara. All patients received exclusive irradiation. In 12 patients the primary lesion was found in the skin of the head and neck (11 squamous cell carcinomas and 2 melanomas), one had an undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and one a squamous cell lung carcinoma. In 9 cases the parotid gland was the only site of metastasis, in 2 cases lateral cervical lymph nodes metastases were also present and in 3 cases distant metastases. Radiotherapy was performed with cobalt 60; the target volume was limited to the parotid region in the N1-N2a cases and included the ipsilateral cervical nodes in the N2b-N3a cases. The doses ranged 24-66 Gy (mean: 50, median-52), with daily fractionation of 1.8-2 Gy for 5 days/week. After radiotherapy local control was obtained in 8/14 cases (57%), maintained at 2 years in 7/14 patients and at 5 years in 2/10 patients (20%). Eight patients (57%) relapsed in the parotid and/or cervical areas and/or exhibited widespread metastases and finally died; 6 patients (43%) were NED after a minimum 3 years' follow-up. Parotid metastases are usually treated by surgical resection; radiotherapy can be used as postoperative or exclusive treatment. Exclusive radiotherapy can be used for the skin cancers which are inoperable for general or local conditions (fixation, necrosis, ulceration), for mucosal head and neck cancers treated by radiotherapy and for infraclavicular tumors as a palliative treatment. Prognosis is different for skin cancer, mucosal and head and neck a carcinoma and infraclavicular neoplasms. The best results can be obtained with N1 nodes and high-dose irradiation.
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PMID:[Exclusive radiotherapy of parotid metastases. Results in 14 cases]. 827 55

The interaction of organometallic compounds with biological systems, generally called bioorganometallic chemistry, is receiving increasing interest. We present the first part of our studies concerning the biological activity of organometallic compounds. Several alkyne-cobalt carbonyl complexes inhibited the growth of human melanoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. They are more active than uncomplexed dicobalt octacarbonyl, cobalt chloride, or the free ligand. A significant difference in potency towards the lung carcinoma cell line was observed among the cobalt complexes, indicating that the complexed ligand may influence cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that further exploratory work with such cobalt-alkyne complexes is warranted.
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PMID:Bioorganometallic chemistry--synthesis and antitumor activity of cobalt carbonyl complexes. 926 41

SCC-37 is a small cell lung carcinoma line that aberrantly expresses muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). It was established from a patient with a paraneoplastic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, myasthenia gravis. When grown as a xenograft tumor, SCC-37 cells express plasma membrane receptors that bind 1251-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (125I-alpha-BTx), cosediment with 9S nAChR pentamers, and bind to a monoclonal antibody (MAb 35) specific for muscle-type (alpha1 subunit) alpha-BTx receptors. The agonist carbamylcholine (carbachol) stimulates influx of 22Na+ in SCC-37 cells; this is inhibited by alpha-BTx and by d-tubocurarine. Long-term cultured SCC-37 cells have functional and ligand-binding evidence for surface coexpression of both alpha1 and neuronal-type (alpha7 subunit) alpha-BTx receptors. A subclone of SCC-37, designated SCC-A9, expresses only the neuronal-type (alpha7 subunit) alpha-BTx receptors on its surface. Carbachol does not stimulate 22Na+ influx in SCC-A9 cells, but cytisine initiates a sustained influx of Ca2+. Activation of this response is inhibited by alpha-BTx and by the alpha7-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine. Addition of Co2+ abrogates the sustained elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, implying that the cytisine-stimulated influx of Ca2+ is sustained by secondary opening of voltage-sensitive channels in the plasma membrane. Surface receptors for 125I-alpha-BTx are blocked by methyllycaconitine and d-tubocurarine. Solubilized alpha-BTx receptors from plasma membranes of SCC-A9 cells cosediment with 10S neuronal nAChR pentamers and bind to an alpha7-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb P27) but not to the muscle nAChR-reactive MAb 35. However, MAb P27 and MAb 35 both bind to alpha-BTx receptors solubilized from the cytoplasmic compartments of SCC-A9 and the parental SCC-37 line. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed RNA transcripts for alpha7 and alpha1 subunits in both SCC-A9 and SCC-37 cells. The nAChRs that are expressed in these novel human cell lines can regulate cation fluxes directly as well as indirectly by synergizing with the activity of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. These activities may influence the secretion of autocrine growth factors and the transcription of growth regulatory genes and thus be pertinent to the growth and metastasis of malignant neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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PMID:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of muscle and neuronal (alpha7) types coexpressed in a small cell lung carcinoma. 937 61

Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase (HO) and changes in lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the livers of control and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice 24 h after a single injection of cisplatin or CoCl(2). Treatment with cisplatin induced the same degree of lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion as did CoCl(2) but the antioxidant enzymes were differently involved in cisplatin- and cobalt-induced oxidative stress responses. In cobalt-treated mice the activities of these enzymes were either inhibited or not changed significantly and only the HO activity was increased (5-fold) as a main protective enzyme. In cisplatin-treated animals the antioxidant enzymes were activated but the enhancement of HO and CAT was greater in LLC-inoculated mice. It is suggested that these two enzymes represent the protective response against cisplatin toxicity in the livers of tumor-bearing animals.
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PMID:Effect of cisplatin and cobalt chloride on antioxidant enzymes in the livers of Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice: protective role of heme oxygenase. 1256

Several metals are carcinogenic but little is known about the mechanisms by which they cause cancer. A pathway that may contribute to metal ion induced carcinogenesis is by hypoxia signaling, which involves a disruption of cellular iron homeostasis by competition with iron transporters or iron-regulated enzymes. To examine the involvement of iron in the hypoxia signaling activity of these metal ions we investigated HIF-1alpha protein stabilization, IRP-1 activity, and ferritin protein levels in human lung carcinoma A459 cells exposed to various agents in serum- and iron-free salt-glucose medium (SGM) or in normal complete medium. We also studied the effects of excess exogenous iron on these responses induced by nickel ion exposure. Our results show the following: (1) SGM enhanced metals-induced HIF-1alpha stabilization and IRP-1 activation (e.g., nickel and cobalt ions). (2) If SGM was reconstituted with a slight excess level (25 microM of FeSO(4)) of iron, this enhancing ability was significantly decreased. (3) The effect of a high level of exogenous iron (500 microM of FeSO(4)) on metal-induced hypoxia and iron metabolism was highly dependent on the order of addition. If treatment with the Fe and metal ions was simultaneous (co-treatment), the effects of nickel ion exposure were overwhelmed, since the added Fe reversed HIF-1alpha stabilization, decreased IRP-1 activity, and increased ferritin level. Pre-treatment with iron was not able to reverse the responses caused by nickel ion exposure. These results imply that it is important to consider the available iron concentration and suitable exposure design when studying metal-induced hypoxia or metal-induced disruption of Fe homeostasis.
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PMID:Effect of metal ions on HIF-1alpha and Fe homeostasis in human A549 cells. 1687 34

To investigate the practice process of postoperative radiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. Between April 2002 and March 2004, the Patterns of Care Study conducted an extramural audit survey for 76 of 556 institutions using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. Data on treatment process of 627 patients with NSCLC who received radiation therapy were collected. Ninety-nine (16%) patients received postoperative radiation therapy between 1999 and 2001 (median age, 65 years). Pathological stage was stage I in 8%, II in 17%, IIIA in 44%, and IIIB in 20%. The median field size was 9 cmx11 cm, and median total dose was 50 Gy. Photon energies of 6 MV or higher were used for 64 patients, whereas a cobalt-60 unit was used for five patients. Three-dimensional conformal treatment was used infrequently. Institutional stratification influenced several radiotherapy parameters such as photon energy and planning target volume. Smaller non-academic institutions provided worse quality of care. The study confirmed continuing variation in the practice of radiotherapy according to stratified institutions. Outdated equipment such as Cobalt-60 units was used, especially in non-academic institutions treating only a small number of patients per year.
Lung Cancer 2007 Jun
PMID:Postoperative radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the 1999-2001 patterns of care study nationwide process survey in Japan. 1732 90


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