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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The correct classification of carcinoma of the lung is not only of therapeutic and prognostic importance but is also considered to have epidemiological and aetiological significance. Histological tests for mucin are essential in the classification of lung tumours but there is little information available about the influence of the method of detection used on the results of classification. Five established staining techniques were tested using paraffin blocks from surgical specimens of 81 human lung tumours diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, i.e. tumours of WHO Type III. Mowry's alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) technique gave the highest proportion of positives (93%) slightly fewer (90%) being obtained by the PAS technique alone. Both these methods were influenced by the presence of cytoplasmic hyaline globules, structures which cannot be regarded as mucin. The stain recommended by the World Health Organization was also influenced by the presence of hyaline globules, was less frequently positive than the PAS techniques and was considered to have no special advantages. The aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue sequence was positive in only 83% of cases but provided some information about the type of mucin present. Southgate's mucicarmine also detected mucin in only 83% of cases. It was concluded that the apparent incidence of adenocarcinomas may be influenced by staining methods used. Some standardization of technique is desirable and the AB-PAS combination appears to be the most satisfactory.
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PMID:A comparison of different methods of detecting mucin in adenocarcinomas of the lung. 4 91

Ninety-one human tumors, including various common carcinomas, low-grade malignant tumors, and benign tumors, were transplanted into athymic nude mice. Tumor take was confirmed histologically for 22 neoplasms at the initial transplantation, and 14 serially transplantable tumors were established, including some hitherto unestablished or unreported, such as lung and hepatic cell carcinomas. Among the 91 tumors were 21, 14, and 13 carcinomas of the lung, stomach, and breast, respectively. Transplantability was highest in lung carcinomas (10/21), followed by gastric carcinomas (2/14) and breast carcinomas (1/13). Morphology of original tumors was retained well in most transplanted tumors, but desmoplastic or scirrhous tumors, such as gastric and breast carcinomas, tended to become medullary with a decrease in amount of tumor stroma. The ability to produce mucin in gastric carcinomas or melanin in malignant melanoma was maintained in serially transplantable tumors. In addition, ectopic production of adrenocorticotropin and beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone continued in a transplanted small cell carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary results were obtained on hormone dependency of the transplantable breast carcinoma and on alpha1-fetoprotein in the transplantable hepatic cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Transplantation of human tumors in nude mice. 18 24

Cells of cloned lines of human squamous lung carcinomas elaborate large glycoproteins that are associated with their tumorigenic potential. Two groups of clones (called Le(a)-X-positive and Le(a)-X-negative) were studied that either do or do not express the Le(a)-X oligosaccharide associated with large glycoproteins and mucins secreted by these clones. Le(a)-X-positive cells elaborate a mucin gel complex associated with their apical surfaces, which appears as a mosaic of extracellular plates. Clones of this type are tumorigenic in nude rodents when injected s.c. or when introduced into the lungs via intrabronchial aerosol. By contrast, the Le(a)-X-negative clones do not form extracellular plates and are not tumorigenic in the lungs or subcutaneously. We demonstrate that the extracellular plates of Le(a)-X-positive cells exclude antibodies from interacting with the underlying squamous lung carcinoma cells and may therefore exert an immunoprotective effect. In support of this possibility it was found that: (a) There is a substantial inflammatory cell infiltrate associated with regressing nodules of Le(a)-X-negative cells in nude rodent lung and subcutaneous nodules, while there is no observable infiltration associated with progressing Le(a)-X-positive tumors. (b) In the brain (an immunoprivileged site) tumors develop and progress when either Le(a)-X-negative or -positive cells are introduced.
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PMID:Mucin gel formed by tumorigenic squamous lung carcinoma cells has Le(a)-X oligosaccharides and excludes antibodies from underlying cells. 158 10

Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for mucin-like antigens have shown great promise for the diagnosis and therapy of human cancer. Heterogeneity in the expression of mucin-like antigens by tumor and normal cells has been noted in several previous studies. An understanding of the nature of this heterogeneity has important implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of antibodies to mucin-like antigens. We have studied the mechanism of variability in expression of epitopes on a mucin-like antigen defined by monoclonal antibodies W1, W5, and W9 in the lung carcinoma cell line, Calu-1. Using the fluorescence activated cell sorter and clonal analysis, we have demonstrated that intercellular variability in mucin antigen expression by Calu-1 cells can be explained in part by heritable variation in the tumor cell population. Clonal cell lines were isolated which differ greatly in levels of epitopes for all three mucin directed antibodies. Levels of all three epitopes showed significant variation between different clonal lines but in general were coordinately regulated. Differences in epitope expression between two lines studied in detail could be attributed to a dramatic difference in expression of a high molecular weight mucin-like glycoprotein. In immunoblotting experiments the binding of all three antibodies to this glycoprotein was affected by sodium periodate and/or neuraminidase treatment, suggesting that the antibodies recognize carbohydrate epitopes. Thus, heterogeneity in expression of mucin-like glycoprotein antigens can result from heritable variations which affect expression of multiple carbohydrate epitopes.
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PMID:Heritable variation in expression of multiple tumor associated epitopes on a high molecular weight mucin-like antigen. 243 Jun 97

Cell lines derived from human squamous lung carcinoma release large amounts of a soluble glycoprotein into the culture media, having very high molecular weight (greater than 2 X 10(6] and mucin-like properties. A monoclonal antibody called 43-9F has been generated that recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on the glycoconjugate. The epitope is also present on a diverse set of smaller glycoproteins (Mr 50,000-200,000) distributed primarily on the surface of the squamous lung carcinoma cells. A sensitive assay using the 43-9F antibody in a dot blot procedure has been devised that is able to detect an amount of antigen less than that possessed by a single squamous lung carcinoma cell. This assay, and also conventional immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assay procedures, have been used to screen different normal cells, normal tissues, cancer cells, and tumor biopsy specimens for the antigen. In the normal lung the 43-9F antigen is found only on cells of some of the seromucous glands. In the normal digestive system it is associated in certain organs only with a limited population of mucosal epithelial cells. Other organ systems lack any reactive cells. The cells of most human non-small cell lung carcinomas and their released glycoconjugates have large amounts of the 43-9F epitope, while small cell lung carcinomas and the glycoconjugates released by small cell lung cancer cells lack the epitope. The oligosaccharide recognized by the 43-9F antibody may therefore provide a useful marker to distinguish the different lung carcinomas and for investigating the different cells of origin of these tumors.
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PMID:Glycoproteins distinguishing non-small cell from small cell human lung carcinoma recognized by monoclonal antibody 43-9F. 243 33

Monoclonal antibody KP16D3 was produced by immunizing mice with monkey bronchoalveolar lavage. KP16D3 revealed the immunohistochemical reactivity in the cytoplasm of some nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells and type II pneumocytes and thereby recognized specifically a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 60 kD with the use of Western blotting and immunoaffinity column chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE. Examination of 76 primary and 4 metastatic lung carcinomas in primary lung carcinoma KP16D3 showed immunohistochemical positivity only to mucin-nonproducing papillary adenocarcinoma (27/28) and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (2/2), except for one case of large cell carcinoma. All other primary lung carcinomas such as squamous cell carcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma had negative results. From these findings, KP16D3 seems to be an effective immunohistochemical marker of mucin-nonproducing papillary adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung and it appears to be useful to investigate both the histogenesis and functional expression of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of lung adenocarcinoma using monoclonal antibody for 60-kilodalton antigen in type II pneumocytes and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. Comparison with two antisurfactant apoprotein antibodies. 254 7

The properties of the antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody FH6 have been analyzed. FH6 was originally generated against a glycolipid, i.e. a difucoganglioside isolated from human colonic adenocarcinoma, and specifically reacts with sialyl Lex-i determinant. Several culture supernatants of human carcinoma cell line cells were found to have high levels of FH6-reactive antigen, and PC-9, a human lung carcinoma cell line was used for the analysis. A solid-phase sandwich radioimmunoassay was performed to detect the antigen. The antigenic activity was extractable in 0.6 M PCA or 7% TCA, and was sensitive to mild alkaline treatment and to Pronase digestion. Most of the antigen was eluted in the void volume of a Sepharose CL-2B column, which indicates that its molecular weight is greater than several million. It was eluted from a DEAE-cellulose column at a NaCl concentration in the range of 0.2-0.25 M. The immunoaffinity-purified antigen has a high carbohydrate content of more than 80%. These data indicate that the antigen recognized by FH6 in the culture supernatant of PC-9 is not a glycolipid, but a high molecular weight glycoprotein which could be referred to as a mucin, or a proteoglycan, which contains keratan-sulfate like glycosaminoglycan chains, as judged from the results of the glycosidase treatments.
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PMID:Glycolipid-directed FH6 monoclonal antibody recognizes high molecular weight glycoprotein antigen carrying sialyl Lex-i determinant in the culture supernatant of PC-9 cells. 290 4

A case of peripheral lung carcinoma clinically and anatomically simulating a malignant mesothelioma in a man who had been exposed to silicium as well as asbestos during more than 20 years of employment in industry is presented. Results of the microscopic examination of routine, stained sections were inconclusive and the importance of demonstrating mucin in the neoplastic cells by use of special staining is emphasized.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with asbestos exposure. 294 32

The diagnosis of large cell carcinoma of the lung on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stains represents a heterogeneous group, both endodermally and non-endodermally derived, totalling about 16% of lung cancers. By the use of special stains, such as Kreyberg and Grimelius stains, this percentage can be sharply reduced, leaving a core group of about 10%, including giant cell and clear cell variants. This core group may show a variety of ultramicroscopic organelles that are insufficiently developed to alter the light microscopic characteristics on which the diagnosis depends. In a study of 1000 slides, large cell carcinoma constituted 6% of the squamous cell carcinoma slides and 21% of the adenocarcinoma slides, which was reduced to 3% by mucin stains. Giant cells predominated in 5% and clear cells in 10% of large cell carcinoma slides. Large cells also occurred in 12% of small cell carcinoma slides.
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PMID:Large cell carcinoma of the lung. 303 29

A monoclonal antibody (87.5) with high specificity for the terminal Gal alpha 1--4Gal residue, a receptor for P-fimbriated E. coli, was obtained by immunization with a neoglycoconjugate. A modification of a method for the immunostaining of glycolipids separated on thin layer chromatography plates was developed, in which detection of glycolipids reacting with the antibody was achieved with the immunoperoxidase technique. An affinity chromatographic technique for the analysis of oligosaccharides on immobilized monoclonal antibodies was developed for characterization of tumour associated antigens. Using this method a monoclonal antibody with specificity for human squamous lung carcinoma cells was shown to have high affinity for difuco-p-lacto-N-hexose (Lea-X). The relative amounts of Lea and Leb active glycolipids, obtained from urine sediments in individuals with blood group Lea-b+, was evaluated. A significant number of the samples obtained from patients with urinary bladder carcinoma displayed a ratio Lea/Leb greater than 1, whereas controls showed Lea/Leb less than 1. The results demonstrate the potential use of detailed biochemical investigations on exfoliated material in urine. 3. Urine sediments from patients with the ureteroenterocutaneous type of urinary diversion were shown to contain typical intestinal glycolipids. These were mainly of ABH and Lewis type based on the lacto carbohydrate core sequence. A regional expression of these antigens could be demonstrated. The relative amount of the antigens varied, depending on the intestinal origin of the conduits/reservoirs. The same urinary sediments were also shown to contain considerable amounts of an intestinal type of mucin. High-performance ion exchange chromatography revealed mucin glycopeptides to constitute a very heterogeneous population. The mucin glycopeptides expressed blood group activity mainly correlating with the glycolipids obtained from corresponding samples. Only a minority of the glycopeptides, however, seemed to contain these antigens.
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PMID:Epithelial cell, blood group related, carbohydrate antigens. 305 53


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