Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied neutrophil functions in a patient with colony-stimulating activity (CSA)-producing lung cancer. A 59-year-old man had an abnormal chest X-ray and leucocytosis, predominantly with neutrophils. Pneumonectomy was performed, and the histological diagnosis of the tumour was large-cell carcinoma of the lung. The tumour induced marked granulocytosis in tumour-transplanted nude mice, and the conditioned media of the tumour contained very strong human-active CSA. Superoxide release and membrane depolarization in neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, were markedly enhanced in the patient. These findings suggest that CSA produced by the tumour primed neutrophil functions in vivo in the patient.
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PMID:Enhanced neutrophil functions in a patient with colony-stimulating activity-producing lung cancer. 165 84

Most naturally occurring mutants of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein contain large deletions or truncations. The small cell lung carcinoma cell line H209 contains a normal-sized but unphosphorylated RB protein (Hensel et al., Cancer Res., 50: 3067-3072, 1990), which fails to form a complex with SV40 T antigen, suggesting that the RB gene of H209 may contain a subtle mutation. To define this mutation, the RB complementary DNA and genomic DNA were sequenced, revealing a point mutation in exon 21 that changed a G to a T. This results in an amino acid substitution of a Phe for Cys706. The mutant RB complementary DNA was used as a template for in vitro transcription and translation to synthesize the mutated protein. The resulting protein failed to bind to SV40 T antigen, demonstrating that a single missense mutation of the RB gene led to the complete inactivation of the ability of the RB protein to bind T antigen.
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PMID:A single Cys706 to Phe substitution in the retinoblastoma protein causes the loss of binding to SV40 T antigen. 228 78

The high inhibitory potency of the previously developed bombesin antagonist [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin (analogue I) (IC50 values of 30 and 18 nM for inhibition of bombesin-stimulated amylase secretion from guinea pig acinar cells and Swiss 3T3 cell growth, respectively) diminished considerably when shorter chain lengths were examined. For instance, [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(5-14),[Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14] bombesin-(6-14), and [Leu9, psi CH2NHLeu10]neuromedin C had IC50 values of 150, 150, and 280 nM, respectively. Incorporation of a D-Phe residue at position 6 of [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14] bombesin did not significantly change the various biological parameters. However, its presence in [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) and at position 2 of psi-neuromedin C-(2-10) resulted in about 10-fold increases in potency up to and above that of the original antagonist. For instance, [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) and des-Gly1-[D-Phe2,Leu9,psi CH2NHLeu10]neuromedin C exhibited IC50 values of 5 and 28 nM, respectively. Analogues based on the litorin sequence which contains an NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue at the bombesin position 6 equivalent were also quite potent. The ability of various analogues to interact with bombesin receptors on pancreatic acini correlated reasonably well with potencies derived from inhibition of bombesin-stimulated growth of Swiss 3T3 cells. Additional studies of NH2- and COOH-terminal structure-activity relationships resulted in the synthesis of [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHPhe14]bombesin-(6-14), which was particularly effective in inhibiting 3T3 cell growth at high picomolar concentrations (IC50 = 0.72 nM and Ki = 3.1 nM for 3T3 cells; IC50 = 7.5 nM and Ki = 9.9 nM for acini). Detailed investigations with one of the most potent antagonists, [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) (Ki = 14 nM for acini cells and 7.1 for 3T3 cells), demonstrated that this analogue was a competitive inhibitor of bombesin and that this activity was specific for the bombesin receptor. Thus, inhibitory potencies have been improved generally up to 25 times over previously reported structures; and, given that bombesin itself has a Ki of 1.2 nM for 3T3 cell binding, some of these analogues are extraordinarily high affinity receptor antagonists. They can also be synthesized more readily and offer fewer proteolytic degradation sites than the original pseudopeptide and should be excellent candidates for in vivo studies aimed at inhibition of bombesin-dependent human small cell lung carcinoma growth.
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PMID:Short-chain pseudopeptide bombesin receptor antagonists with enhanced binding affinities for pancreatic acinar and Swiss 3T3 cells display strong antimitotic activity. 247 89

Clomesone was evaluated for antitumor activity against a spectrum of animal tumor models. Clomesone exhibited significant antitumor activity against the murine L1210 leukemia implanted i.p., s.c., and intracerebrally (i.c.). Activity against s.c.-implanted tumor was largely independent of schedule and route of administration. Therapeutically optimal single-dose treatment (for tumored mice) was less toxic to nontumored mice than therapeutically optimal prolonged treatment. Clomesone also exhibited activity against other murine tumors (P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and M5076 sarcoma). It was active against P388 leukemia sublines resistant to cyclophosphamide, L-phenylalanine mustard, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). No activity was observed against a P388 subline resistant to N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea or against Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, a nitrosourea-resistant murine solid tumor. Clomesone is generally as effective as the chloroethylnitrosoureas against experimental tumor models. Since clomesone does not have the hydroxyethylating and carbamoylating activities of the chloroethylnitrosoureas (which do not appear to contribute to antitumor activity), it would likely be a more toxicologically selective compound. It may prove to be less carcinogenic than the chloroethylnitrosoureas, and it may contribute less target organ toxicity and less interference with the actions of other drugs when used in combinations.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of 2-chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate (clomesone, NSC 33847) against selected tumor systems in mice. 253 44

Large cell neuroendocrine (LCNE) carcinomas of the lung are a newly recognized, highly aggressive and frequently misdiagnosed entity. We report a case of stage I LCNE lung carcinoma initially misdiagnosed as large cell undifferentiated carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor was very extensively necrotic and its neuroendocrine differentiation was only demonstrable with immunohistochemical staining with PHE-5 monoclonal antibody and with antisera against synaptophysin and calcitonin. ACTH, somatostatin and neurofilaments were not demonstrable. The clinical course was ominous and the patient died within 17 months. The reason for this rapid fatal outcome could be ascribed either to the neuroendocrine phenotype of the tumor, or to the extensive necrosis, or both.
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PMID:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. 255 26

A series of heptapeptide somatostatin (SRIF) analogs containing mercaptopropionic acid (Mpa) and based on the parent structure Mpa-Tyr-[D]Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 were synthesized by solid-phase methodologies and assayed for their effects on rat growth hormone (GH) secretion and their ability to displace [125I]Tyr11-SRIF bound to various tissues in vitro. Structural modifications consisted primarily of aromatic substitutions for Thr. All analogs were less potent than SRIF in inhibiting GH secretion in vitro from 4-day primary cultures of rat pituitary cells (0.04-21% that of SRIF). Higher GH inhibitory potencies were observed in an acute 15 min in vivo potency assay probably reflecting increases in plasma half-life of the analogs as compared to native SRIF. All analogs had extremely low binding affinity for rat cerebral cortex (0.05-4% that of SRIF), while binding potency for rat pancreas ranged from 3-130% of SRIF. Several analogs exhibited enhanced binding to human small cell lung carcinoma cells (SCLC; NCI-H69) as compared to SRIF. One of these, containing Phe at the C-terminus, exhibited an affinity 3.5 X greater than SRIF itself and was further tested for possible effects on the proliferation of SCLC and rat pancreatic tumor cells (AR42J) in vitro. The proliferation of both tumor types was inhibited 32 and 60%, respectively (p less than 0.01). The data suggest that SRIF and certain analogs may have a direct action on proliferating tumors independent of endocrine effects and that the anti-tumor activity of SRIF analogs can be further dissociated from the other actions of native SRIF, thereby providing for potentially more selective therapeutic analogs.
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PMID:Novel heptapeptide somatostatin analog displays anti-tumor activity independent of effects on growth hormone secretion. 257 97

A hypothalamic hormone--melanostatin H-L-Pro-L-Leu-NH2- and its 9 analogs were synthesized and their antitumor properties studied. Melanostatin caused a 52-72% inhibition of tumor growth (p less than 0.05) in mice bearing adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland Ca-755, cervical carcinoma CC-5 and melanoma B-16. Non-cytotoxic analogs containing D-leucine or L-lysine showed low activity. Among analogs containing sarcolysine stereomers, chlorphenacyl or chlorambucil, derivatives with L-sarcolysin exerted a high antitumor effect on Ca-755, CC-5, Lewis lung carcinoma, lymphoid leukemia L-1210, sarcoma-37, melanoma B-16 and S-91 (80-99% inhibition of tumor growth, p less than 0.05). L-sarcolysin alone had a higher effect on S-91 only (p less than 0.05). Antitumor effect of melanostatin is due to its amino acid sequences. Melanostatin analogs modified by L-phenylalanine retain their antitumor properties.
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PMID:[Use of the peptide hormone melanostatin and its analogs for the synthesis of new antitumor compounds]. 289 89

Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of human lung carcinoma cells, A549, in log phase was 25 +/- 5 nmol/10(6) cells, which is considerably higher than that reported in other tumor cells. After partial depletion of GSH with diethyl maleate (DEM), addition of cystine to the medium allowed full resynthesis of GSH in 4 hr, cysteine in the same time period led to less resynthesis, and methionine provided minimal resynthesis. Using cystine as the sole sulfur source and with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 5 mM) included in the medium after cells were depleted with DEM, inhibition of both cystine uptake and resynthesis of GSH occurred. BSO inhibited [35S]cystine uptake (as early as 10 min) in a concentration-dependent process, ranging from a 28% decrease for 1 microM BSO to an 85% decrease for 100 microM BSO compared to the control cells after 240 min of incubation. In addition, GSH resynthesis from [35S]cystine for 240 min was inhibited in a parallel dose-dependent manner, in that 1 microM BSO caused a 27% decrease and 100 microM BSO provided a 75% decrease from control values. BSO did not inhibit the uptake of [35S]methionine, but inhibited the low amount of resynthesis of GSH when methionine was the sole sulfur source. BSO did not inhibit the uptake of arginine, phenylalanine, and leucine. DL-, L-, and methyl ester-BSO each inhibited [35S]cystine uptake and incorporation into GSH to a similar extent. The half-life of GSH was 3.5 +/- 0.4 hr in A549 cells that were grown in complete medium with GSH synthesis occurring.
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PMID:Buthionine sulfoximine inhibition of cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis in human lung carcinoma cells. 397 6

Studies were performed with a clonogenic cell assay system to determine the in vitro sensitivity of carcinoma of the lung to standard chemotherapeutic drugs. Formation of colonies in vitro occurred in 22 of 29 specimens (76%), including 4 of 7 squamous cell carcinomas, 11 of 16 adenocarcinomas, all of 3 large cell carcinomas, and none of 3 small cell carcinomas. Eighteen of these 22 assays (82%) showed growth which was adequate for chemosensitivity testing. Antitumor drugs tested in this study were cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C, vindesine, vincristine, vinblastine, bleomycin, peplomycin and l-phenylalanine mustard, which are used clinically for chemotherapy of lung cancer. Of ten drugs tested against at least two different tumors, vindesine and mitomycin C were identified as being active against more than three tumors (17%). Twelve of 18 specimens (67%) were not sensitive in vitro to any of the drugs tested. Of the remaining 6 specimens (33%) showing sensitivity to any drug, four tumors were sensitive to only one drug, one tumor was sensitive to three drugs and another was sensitive to four drugs. The in vitro chemosensitivity results seemed well correlated with clinical experience. The human tumor clonogenic cell assay system appears to be a reasonable model for the study of chemosensitivity in carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Clonogenic cell assay for carcinoma of the lung. 632 52

The antitumor effect of some N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-N,N-bis-(2-halogenethyl)hydrazide derivatives of lysine, glycine, cystine, phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine, was studied. Six of eight newly synthesized compounds show considerable antitumor effect on solid Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (about 95% tumor growth inhibition). Three of these compounds under study increased the lifespan of mice with leukemia L1210. The investigation of the effect of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl,D,L-phenylalanine-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine on various mouse tumors showed remarkable growth inhibition of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, sarcoma 37, colon adenocarcinoma akatol and lesser antitumor effect also on solid adenocarcinoma 755, Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16. All investigated compounds exhibited depression of leukocyte count--their toxicity being, however, lower than that of sarcolysine in parallel experiments.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-N,N-bis-(2-halogenethyl)-hydrazide derivatives of amino acids. 739 53


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