Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

ACNU was highly effective for Sato lung carcinoma transplanted intravenously or intramuscularly by using a large single dose, and the cytotoxic action of ACNU for SLC showed clear dependence upon tumor size. Nonspecific activation of host-defence mechanism by Propionibacterium acnes contributed to the suppression for the regrowth of solid SLC treated by ACNU.
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PMID:Effect of 1(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on Sato lung carcinoma (SLC). Preliminary result of immunochemotherapy for SLC by combination of ACNU and Propionibacterium acnes. 45 Mar 90

A controlled randomized study was carried out to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases from lung carcinoma. One hundred patients were randomly divided into three groups at the time of diagnosis or after surgery for metastases. Group A received radiotherapy alone; Group B received radiotherapy and chloroethylnitrosoureas (methyl-CCNU, 100-120 mg/m2, or ACNU 80-100 mg/m2, every 6-8 weeks), and Group C received radiotherapy and a combination of chloroethylnitrosoureas and tegafur (300 mg/m2, daily). Of the 100 patients, 88 could be evaluated. The reduction rates of the tumors of the patients in whom tumor was not surgically removed or not totally removed were compared. Complete resolution of the tumor was noted in 29, 69, and 63% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Tumor regression of greater than or equal to 50% was seen in 36, 69, and 74% of the patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The difference in the response rates of Groups A and C was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Median survival after the start of treatment for brain metastasis was 27, 30.5, and 29 weeks in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was 1 long-term survivor (more than 5 years) in Group A, 3 in Group B, and 1 in Group C. The main cause of death was deterioration attributable to the primary lesion or systemic metastasis, and no statistical difference was noted in survival time among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chemotherapy of brain metastases from lung carcinoma: a controlled randomized study. 199 87

As an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy, we had succeeded in creating the methionine depletion in vivo, using the technique of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by infusing an amino acid solution devoid of methionine and cysteine, as sole nitrogen source (Met-deplet. TPN). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that the marked depletion of thiol was induced both in the liver and tumor tissues by Met-deplet. TPN in Sato lung carcinoma (SLC)-bearing rats. Then in Experiment 2, we also confirmed the presence of the enhancing effect on nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) in Met-deplet. TPN to SLC. The tumor proliferation was inhibited significantly by Met-deplet. TPN even in conjunction with a small dose of ACNU, which showed no anti-tumor effect on the rats treated with methionine-containing amino acid solution, without apparent increase of the side effects in comparison with those in the control groups. On the other hand, to determine the carcinostatic effect on tumor-bearing animals, not only the size of the tumor but also its components, especially the percentage of necrotic tumor tissue (necrotic index), were considered to be important.
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PMID:Thiol depletion and chemosensitization on nimustine hydrochloride by methionine-depleting total parenteral nutrition. 212 63

A 67 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of cough and sputum. He smoke one pack of cigarettes a day for more than twenty years and the chest X-ray film revealed a mass in the left hilum and left sided pleural effusion. The diagnosis of small carcinoma of the lung (limited disease, T4N1MO, stage 3B) was made by trans-bronchial lung biopsy and radiographic studies. Both chemotherapy (nimustine (ACNU), cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate) and radiation therapy was started, however, the chemotherapy was discontinued in July 1987 because of severe anemia. The diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) was made by bone marrow aspiration and the patient was treated by transfusion (400-800 ml/week). In December 1987 transition to acute myeloblastic leukemia was confirmed by another bone marrow aspiration biopsy and the patient was given low dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The response was favorable in the beginning but in about two months pancytopenia became refractory and the patient died in June 1988. Clinically there was no sign of local or distal recurrences of lung cancer, and the complete remission of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was confirmed by autopsy. Survival in SCLC remains poor, so that the choice of treatment is still the primary concern, however, development of other malignancies which include acute leukemia is another problem which should be taken into account when the treatment is extensive.
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PMID:[Acute myeloblastic leukemia development in a patient with small cell lung cancer in complete remission]. 256 Sep 98

Twenty-six consecutive previously untreated patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with cyclic alternating combination chemotherapy. COAM consists of cyclophosphamide 140 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 through 5, vincristine 1.3 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and 15, ACNU 50 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, methotrexate 7 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 through 5 repeated at 4 week intervals. VAP consists of VP-16 100 mg/m2 p.o. day 1 through 5, adriamycin 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, procarbazine 100 mg/m2 p.o. day 1 through 14 repeated at 4 week intervals. The order of alternating course was determined by the time of entry into the study. There were 12 complete and partial responses (86%) among 14 patients treated with COAM-VAP including 6 complete responses (43%), whereas there were 12 responses (100%) including 4 complete responses (33%) among 12 patients treated with VAP-COAM. There was no significant difference between patients receiving COAM-VAP and VAP-COAM with respect to response, duration of response, and survival. Overall median survival was 9.8 months. There was no significant difference between patients with and without distant metastasis with respect to response, duration of response and survival. Two patients were alive at 24 months. The addition of second combination chemotherapy did not increase the response rate. Most patients had mild or moderate leukopenia. Four patients developed interstitial pneumonia.
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PMID:[Cyclic alternating combination chemotherapy of small cell carcinoma of the lung]. 300 65

Thirty-nine patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated sequentially with induction chemotherapy, radiotherapy and then maintenance chemotherapy. Induction chemotherapy consisted of two regimens, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate (COM) and adriamycin, ACNU, vindecine (ANV) given by randomization. Radiotherapy was given for patients with limited disease (LD) as a rule. After radiotherapy the drugs used for maintenance chemotherapy were alternated and reduced in dose. Eighteen patients were treated with a COM-ANV sequential combination and sixteen patients were treated with an ANV-COM combination. Thirteen patients had limited disease (LD) and eleven patients had extensive disease (ED). Of 12 patients with LD treated with COM-ANV therapy, 9 patients (75%) responded with 3 (25%) complete responses. Of 11 patients with LD treated with ANV-COM therapy, 9 patients (81.8%) responded to the therapy. According to disease extent, response rate was 82.6% for LD and 54.5% for ED. The median survival times were 9 months for patients with COM-ANV therapy and 12 months for those with ANV-COM therapy. Also, the median survival time was 15 months for LD patients and 5 months for ED patients. Major toxicities in ANV therapy were anorexia, nausea, and myelosuppression, and were more frequent than with COM therapy. These results showed no clear evidence of superiority in either the COM-AMV or ANV-COM regimen.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in small cell carcinoma of the lung]. 301 41

The effects of two different combination chemotherapies, i.e. cyclophosphamide (CPM) + vincristine (VCR) + methotrexate (MTX) and ACNU + VCR, with or without radiotherapy, were studied in twenty patients with untreated small cell carcinoma of the lung. Respective response rates were 66.7% for CVM and 50% for AV. Median survival time was 51 weeks for CVM and 27 weeks for AV. There was no statistically significant difference between the survival probability curves of CVM and AV. Concerning toxicity, two hazardous side effects, myelosuppression and interstitial pneumonitis, were observed although the incidences were low. We concluded that both regimens are useful as chemotherapy of small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of two combination chemotherapies for the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung. 610 Jun 29

This paper provides an overview of cancer chemotherapy with special reference to the pharmacokinetics of the nitrosoureas. At physiological PH, the chloroethylnitrosoureas can be decomposed into an isocyanate and 2-chloroethyl diazene hydroxide. Therefore, it is clear that they have both alkylation and carbamoylation actions. In addition to the spontaneous chemical dissociation, the nitrosoureas can be metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes to more polar hydroxylated products, and certain nitrosoureas can be denitrosated by these enzymes to the parent urea. Since the lipid-soluble nitrosoureas and some of the water-soluble nitrosoureas such as ACNU and MCNU demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier, they have been used in the treatment of primary brain tumors and tumors and tumors of metastatic origin. It has been demonstrated from the results of our study and other reports that the alkylation of DNA by ACNU progresses more slowly as compared with that of other alkylating agents. This is an important finding in relation to the appearance of delayed myelosuppression of the nitrosoureas and in the design of dose schedules of these agents. The major clinical emphasis has been directed towards the more active chloroethylnitrosoureas with reduced myelosuppression, and attempts are now made for this purpose. Unfortunately, the results of phase I and II trials of the newly developed nitrosoureas suggest that these agents produce delayed and cumulative bone marrow toxicity. Antitumor activity of the nitrosoureas is frequestly observed in chronic myelocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung, and less frequently in gastrointestinal carcinoma, multiple myeloma and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance clinical effects of the nitrosoureas, further investigation of the design in therapeutic schedules on the basis of their pharmacokinetic characteristics will be needed.
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PMID:[Cancer chemotherapy with special reference to pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas]. 622 95

The antitumor activity of a new derivative of nitrosourea, 3-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-3-deoxy-D-allose (CNUA), against murine tumors was studied. CNUA showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B-16 melanoma and autochthonous lung tumor induced by 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea. The effect of CNUA, chlorozotocin, and ACNU on the peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) in normal CDF1 mice was examined. The lowest WBC count occurred 3 days after administration at the therapeutic dose level and the decreased value returned to the normal level 7-14 days following administration of CNUA and chlorozotocin. CNUA also exerted a depressive action on both humoral and cell-mediated immune response to sheep red blood cells determined by the serum hemagglutinin titer, plaque-forming cells in the spleen, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, while the suppression was almost the same or less than that obtained with chlorozotocin when compared at the dose resulting in similar antitumor activity. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of CNUA was not at all inferior to those of other nitrosoureas. The bone marrow toxicity was moderate and did not last long.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of a nitrosourea derivative, CNUA, on murine tumors. 623 4

The experimental and clinical effects of ACNU so far recorded in Japan are reviewed. ACNU was highly effective in leukemia L-1210 and in other types of leukemias, ascites tumors, and solid tumors of mice and rats. On the basis of the results of phase I study, the maximum clinically tolerable single dose of ACNU was 101.8-135.7 mg/m2 at a time, and the total acceptable dose was 300-600 mg. The desirable interval between doses was 6-8 weeks. Phase II study revealed that ACNU seemed to be effective against small-cell carcinoma of the lung, brain tumors, Hodgkin's disease, and chronic myelocytic leukemia. In the treatment of small-cell carcinoma of the lung ACNU reduced the rate of brain metastasis and prolonged the survival of patients.
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PMID:Experimental and clinical effect of ACNU in Japan with emphasis on small-cell carcinoma of the lung. 624 13


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