Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most frequent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations found by traditional or comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinomas include indels of exon 19 (the exon 19 deletion delE746_A750 being the most common) and the exon 21 L858R point mutation. The current approval labels for first line palliative gefitinib 250 mg/day, erlotinib 150 mg/day and afatinib 40 mg/day for advanced lung cancers require the presence of the aforementioned classical/sensitizing EGFR mutations. Other gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib sensitizing mutations include exon 18 indels, G719X, exon 19 insertions, A763_Y764insFQEA, S768I and L861Q; for which off-label EGFR kinase inhibitor use is generally agreed upon by thoracic oncologists. The main biological mechanism of resistance to approved first line EGFR inhibitors is the selection/acquisition of EGFR-T790M that in itself can be inhibited by osimertinib 80 mg/day, a 3(rd) generation EGFR inhibitor that is bypassed by EGFR-C797X mutations. Another class of de novo inhibitor insensitive mutation includes EGFR exon 20 insertions. More recently, the dichotomy of only point mutations or indels explaining aberrant kinase activation of EGFR plus inhibitor response has been shattered by the discovery of uncommon (<0.5% of all EGFR mutations) genomic events involving exon 18-25 kinase domain duplications (KDD) and rearrangements (EGFR-RAD51 or EGFR-PURB). The latter lead to oncogene addiction, enhanced sensitivity to kinase inhibitors in vitro and clinical responses to approved EGFR inhibitors. The enhanced landscape of EGFR inhibitor-responsive genotypes highlights that comprehensive molecular profiling may be necessary to maximize the identification of all cases that can benefit from precision oncology.
Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016 Jun
PMID:Kinase inhibitor-responsive genotypes in EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinomas: moving past common point mutations or indels into uncommon kinase domain duplications and rearrangements. 2741 14

The most frequent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations of lung cancer include exon 19 in deletion and the exon 21 L858R mutation. And EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as the standard first line treatment show good response to classical/sensitizing EGFR mutations. With the development of detection methods, some uncommon genomic mutation events such as exon 18-25 kinase domain duplications (KDD) and EGFR rearrangements (EGFR-RAD51 or EGFR-PURB) are found. We reported a case of EGFR-RAD51 fusion in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and the efficacy of erlotinib to this type fusion of NSCLC patients. A 48-year-old Chinese man with right lung tumor and multiple brain metastases NSCLC (T1N2M1, stage IV). Histological examination of surgical specimens from the brain tumor showed lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. By using next generation sequencing assay, we found that tumor had EGFR-RAD51 fusion rather than the most common kind of EGFR mutations. Then the patient experienced a remarkable tumor response to erlotinib. Considering this rare EGFR fusion and remarkable response to TKI treatment, we conclude that the incidence of EGFR fusions in NSCLC patients should be attentive. NSCLC patients with EGFR-RAD51 fusion gene response to treatment with EGFR inhibitor. With the guidance of precise diagnosis, it is important that we should realize other rare EGFR gene mutations and novel diagnostic method.
Lung Cancer 2018 01
PMID:EGFR-RAD51 fusion variant in lung adenocarcinoma and response to erlotinib: A case report. 2929 Feb 55