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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-four patients with large cell carcinoma of the lung were treated surgically, and the prognostic factors were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Based on evidence of intercellular cohesion, as seen in the histologic results, the patients were placed into two subtypes, compact growth type and louse structure type. The survival rates were 46% and 28% at five years, respectively (P less than 0.05). Immunohistochemically, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), secretory component, lactoferrin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as histologic markers of epithelial differentiation, were detectable in large cell carcinoma of both types and more frequently in the compact growth type than in the loose structure type. The difference was significant in case of detection of keratin, EMA, and CEA (P less than 0.05). These observations suggest that a large cell carcinoma may differentiate into an adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of intercellular cohesion and use of these markers reflect prognosis of the disease.
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PMID:Large cell carcinoma of the lung. Prognostic implications of histopathologic and immunohistochemical subtyping. 215 87

Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases of giant cell carcinoma were examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Ultrastructurally, of 18 large cell carcinomas other than giant cell carcinoma eight showed characteristic differentiation toward adenocarcinoma, four toward adenosquamous carcinoma, and one each toward squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, but the remaining four were undifferentiated. Six of the nine giant cell carcinomas also showed features of adenocarcinoma, two showed features of squamous cell carcinoma, and one was undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, secretory component (SC) was observed in seven of 14 cases with features of adenocarcinoma and two of four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma. Carcinomas with only squamous cell differentiation did not stain for SC. Keratin staining was positive in five of the 14 with features of adenocarcinoma, three of the four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma and two of the three cases with features of squamous cell carcinoma. The numbers of tumor cells positive for keratin and/or SC were small. One carcinoma with neurosecretory type granules was stained positively for calcitonin. These findings indicate that many large cell carcinomas showed differentiation toward glandular cells and/or squamous cells, and some did not show any differentiation ultrastructurally or immunohistochemically, indicating that the majority of large cell carcinomas are poorly differentiated form of either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas.
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PMID:Large cell carcinoma of the lung--ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. 241 Jun 41

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-keratin antibodies was prepared by coating microplates with epidermal keratin purified from the stratum corneum from human foot. Naturally occurring auto-antibodies bind keratin via their f(ab')2 fragment. They were assayed in the serum from 65 healthy people. The serum titer increased significantly with aging. Auto-antibodies stained all the layers of a normal human epidermis whereas an immune serum, prepared by injecting a rabbit with pure human keratin proteins, stained more efficiently the outer layers of the human skin; pre-immune rabbit serum did not stain human skin at all. The lowest anti-keratin activities were observed in serum from patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma and with mesothelioma. The activity was lower in pleural fluid from patients with pleural mesothelioma than in pleural fluid from other types of cancer. This is possibly due to the fixation of autoantibodies onto the pleural tumor or on cell debris arising from the tumor.
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PMID:An enzyme immunoassay for auto-antibodies to keratin in normal human serum and in pleural fluids from patients with various malignant or non-malignant lung diseases. 242 81

The results of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and keratin immunodetection in cytological specimens of sputum secured from 41 patients with lung cancer are presented. All 19 cases of small-cell carcinoma showed intense immunoreactivity for NSE. No such immunoreactivity was found in 21 of 22 cases of non-small-cell carcinoma. The single positive result was from a case of large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma. All 10 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma showed immunoreactivity for keratin. The 19 cases of small-cell carcinoma showed no such reactivity. Our findings indicate that immunostaining for NSE and keratin is a valuable aid when a definite diagnosis of small-cell carcinoma of the lung can not be made on the basis of conventional cytologic features.
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PMID:Immunodetection of neuron-specific enolase and keratin in cytological preparations as an aid in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. 242 9

Ten examples of giant cell carcinoma of the lung were examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments and for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Six cases were also examined electron microscopically. Keratin expression and, to a lesser extent, EMA immunoreactivity were reduced in comparison with better differentiated forms of lung carcinoma. Vimentin expression was increased, often taking the form of strong paranuclear staining. This may correspond to dense paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments seen ultrastructurally. Desmosomes were absent or sparse in most tumours. We propose that giant cell carcinoma arises by a process of dedifferentiation. The resulting loss of epithelial features gives rise to neoplastic cells which have features in common with some forms of sarcoma.
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PMID:Giant cell carcinoma of the lung--immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of dedifferentiation. 245 72

Thirty-three patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated surgically, and immunohistochemistry of the cell differentiations was examined in detail. The overall 5-year survival rate was 38% and the rates in patients with stage I or stage III were 57% and 11%, respectively (P less than 0.05). Survival rates in patients with the oat cell type and intermediate type were 24% and 44%, respectively, but with no significant difference. This carcinoma seemed to originate from primitive multipotential stem cells, i.e., those of a neuroendocrine or epithelial nature. Histochemically and immunohistochemically, argyrophilic granules and neuron-specific enolase, neuroendocrine markers, were detected more frequently in the oat cell type rather than in the intermediate type. In contrast, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial origin markers, were present more frequently in the intermediate type than in oat cell type. However, the difference was significant only in case of detection of argyrophilic granules and the carcinoembryonic antigen (P less than 0.05). Our current recommendation is that surgical resection should be done in the earlier stage in both subtypes. A more favorable prognosis can be expected when adjuvant chemotherapy is prescribed.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study. 246 55

The histopathology and the expression of various marker substances including cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of ten human epidermoid lung carcinoma xenograft lines were compared with the corresponding donor patient tumours. It was found that the histological structure and the tumour markers were maintained by the xenografts. Neoplastic cells were more effectively detected using anti-keratin antibodies as compared to antibodies against EMA. CEA immunoreactivity was more common in well differentiated tumours. With the aid of electron microscopy, the known cellular heterogeneity of epidermoid lung carcinomas in man was also confirmed in these xenografts.
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PMID:Maintenance of morphology and tumour marker production in human epidermoid lung carcinoma xenografts. 248 34

Human lung tumor cell lines established from the major histological types of lung cancer were examined by immunofluorescent staining techniques for their patterns of intermediate filament (keratin, vimentin, and neurofilament triplet protein) expression. All cell lines examined, both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and mesothelioma) contained keratin, consistent with their epithelial derivation. These lung carcinoma cell lines also expressed vimentin, the characteristic intermediate filament of mesenchymal cells in vivo. In light of the proposed neuroectodermal origin of SCLC, cell lines were also studied for neurofilament expression. Two of four SCLC tumor cell lines, as well as non-SCLC cell lines, showed no reactivity with antibodies to neurofilament triplet protein. Two of the SCLC cell lines stained weakly with anti-neurofilament antibody. Examination of specific keratin patterns in human lung tumor cell lines by selective immunoprecipitation with keratin antiserum and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that small-sized keratin proteins (Mr 44,000 to 52,000) were present in cell lines derived from SCLC and non-SCLC types of lung cancer. Tumor cell lines exhibiting squamous differentiation by light microscopic criteria (i.e., intracellular keratin, intercellular bridging, "pearl" formation, and/or individual cell keratinization) also displayed a preponderance of intermediate-sized keratins (Mr 57,000 and 59,000) and exhibited another feature of terminal keratinocyte differentiation (cross-linked envelope formation). Mesothelioma cell lines had varying keratin profiles. The presence of keratin proteins in all SCLC cell lines examined argues against a neuroectodermal origin for these tumors and is consistent with the notion that these tumors arise from a common bronchial "stem cell," similar to that from which other types of bronchogenic carcinomas arise.
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PMID:Intermediate filament and cross-linked envelope expression in human lung tumor cell lines. 257 76

NKH-1 is a monoclonal antibody that reacts with human natural killer (NK) cells and neural tissue. Because other monoclonal antibodies reacting with NK cells have been found on small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), frozen tissue sections of 22 lung tumors including nine SCLC, two bronchial carcinoids, and 11 non-SCLC were tested for the presence of NKH-1 antigen by a sensitive alkaline phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The labeling reactions of NKH-1 in frozen tissue sections were compared with reactions of a panel of 21 other monoclonal antibodies against NK cells, leukocyte antigens, cytokeratins, or nonlineage specific antigens. The antibody NKH-1 reacted strongly and diffusely with all of the SCLC and bronchial carcinoids but with none of the non-SCLC. NKH-1 also strongly labeled peripheral nerves in tissues adjacent to tumor. Two antibodies to cytokeratins reacted with all of the tumors and outlined tumor cells well, distinguishing them from surrounding stromal cells and leukocytes. OKT9, an antibody against transferrin receptor labeled all SCLC and eight of 11 non-SCLC but did not react with bronchial carcinoid. The antibodies Leu-M1, OKT10, Leu-7, and My4 reacted with 67%, 33%, 22%, and 11%, respectively, of the SCLC tested. The remaining 14 antibodies, including several with leukocyte specificity, labeled neither SCLC nor bronchial carcinoid. Thus, SCLC has a distinct immunophenotype (NKH-1 positive, keratin positive, and transferrin receptor positive), which may be helpful distinguishing this tumor from other tumors of lung including non-SCLC. SCLC infrequently expresses other leukocyte-associated antigens.
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PMID:Immunophenotype of small cell lung carcinoma. Expression of NKH-1 and transferrin receptor and absence of most myeloid antigens. 284 86

Five different types of lung cancers, i.e. squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, small cell lung carcinomas, carcinoids and adenoid cystic carcinomas were examined for their intermediate filament constituents, with special emphasis on the different cytokeratin polypeptides and neurofilament proteins. Polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies to these proteins were used in immunocytochemical techniques applied to both tumor frozen sections and paraffin sections. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas could be shown to contain cytokeratins, which could be detected in both frozen sections and paraffin sections. Also small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid lung tumors showed a positive staining reaction with polyclonal and monoclonal (cyto)keratin antibodies, but were negative with neurofilament antibodies, with the exception of one case of lung carcinoid, which co-expressed neurofilaments and cytokeratins. We have used antibodies to cytokeratin polypeptides, to neurofilament proteins and to a neuroendocrine related membrane antigen (MOC-1) to further subclassify heterogeneously composed squamous cell carcinomas. Using a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin 18, normally present in glandular tissues and adenocarcinomas, we observed that more than 90% of the squamous cell carcinomas examined can be stained with this antibody. The percentage of tumor cells, however, positive for cytokeratin 18 varies between 1 and 100%. In these same tumors a monoclonal antibody to skin keratins, which is known to react specifically with keratinizing cells, also stained variable numbers of tumor cells. This finding confirms the presence of (keratinizing) squamous cell carcinoma elements in these tumors. Our data show that most lung tumors, heretofore considered pure squamous cell carcinomas, should be considered biologically adenosquamous carcinomas. Also areas positive with MOC-1 were found in these tumors, suggesting the presence of squamous cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Furthermore, in some poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas areas with neurofilament positive cells were detected, suggesting a neural differentiation within these neoplasms. Adenoid cystic carcinomas are shown to co-express cytokeratins and vimentin in the tumor cells. This phenomenon can be used to identify such tumors and to distinguish them from other lung tumors.
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PMID:Detection of epithelial- and neural type of intermediate filament proteins in human lung tumors. 303 39


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