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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight lichens were extracted successively with n-hexane, diethyl ether and methanol using a Soxhlet process. The cytotoxic activity of the 24 lichen extracts was evaluated in vitro using two murine (the L1210: lymphocytic leukaemia, and the 3LL: Lewis lung carcinoma) and four human (the K-562: chronic myelogenous leukaemia, the U251: glioblastoma, the DU145: prostate carcinoma, and the MCF7: breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell lines and non-cancerous cells, the Vero cell line (African green monkey kidney cell line). The MTT assay revealed significant cytotoxicity (IC50 < or = 20 microg/ml) on one of the tested cancer cell lines for at least one extract of each lichen species. Some extracts of Cladonia convoluta, Cladonia rangiformis, Parmelia caperata, Platismatia glauca and Ramalina cuspidata demonstrated interesting activities particularly on human cancer cell lines as good selectivity indices were recorded (SI > 3).
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PMID:Cytotoxic activity of some lichen extracts on murine and human cancer cell lines. 1367 34

In the present study, we describe the cytotoxicity of the new drug prodigiosin (PG) in two small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines, GLC4 and its derived doxorubicin-resistant GLC4/ADR cell line, which overexpresses multidrug-related protein 1 (MRP-1). We observed through Western blot that PG mediated cytochrome c release, caspase cascade activation and PARP cleavage, thereby leading to apoptosis in a dose-response manner. MRP-1 expression increased after PG treatment, although that does not lead to protein accumulation. The MTT assay showed no difference in sensitivity to PG between the two cell lines. Our results support PG as a potential drug for the treatment of lung cancer as it overcomes the multidrug resistance phenotype produced by MRP-1 overexpression.
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PMID:High cytotoxic sensitivity of the human small cell lung doxorubicin-resistant carcinoma (GLC4/ADR) cell line to prodigiosin through apoptosis activation. 1574 75

Chemotherapy for lung cancer not only has severe side effects but frequently also exhibits limited, if any clinical effectiveness. Dexamethasone (DEX) and similar glucocorticoids (GCs) such as prednisone are often used in the clinical setting, for example, as cotreatment to prevent nausea and other symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating the impact of GCs on tumour control and patient survival of lung carcinoma have never been performed. Therefore, we isolated cancer cells from resected lung tumour specimens and treated them with cisplatin in the presence or absence of DEX. Cell number of viable and dead cells was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and viability was measured by the MTT-assay. We found that DEX induced resistance toward cisplatin in all of 10 examined tumour samples. Similar results were found using gemcitabine as cytotoxic drug. Survival of drug-treated lung carcinoma cells in the presence of DEX was longlasting as examined 2 and 3 weeks after cisplatin treatment of a lung carcinoma cell line. These data corroborate recent in vitro and in vivo xenograft findings and rise additional concerns about the widespread combined use of DEX with antineoplastic drugs in the clinical management of patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Dexamethasone-induced cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in lung carcinoma samples treated ex vivo. 1575 74

Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. is a Chinese medicinal herb used traditionally for treating intestinal carbuncle. Although Patrinia scabiosaefolia has also been suggested for cancer therapy, there has not been any scientific evidence supporting this application. In this study, a panel of human cancer cells, including breast carcinoma MCF-7; hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2; skin melanoma A375; lung carcinoma A549 and prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3, were treated in vitro with ethyl acetate extract of Patrinia scabiosaefolia (EAE-PS) for 48 h. Results from MTT study showed that MCF-7 was the most responsive (IC50 = 112.3 microg/ml) while PC-3 was the most resistant (IC50 = 348.7 microg/ml) one to cell growth inhibition. DNA flow cytometry demonstrated that EAE-PS induced apoptosis in the resistant MCF-7 cells by 14.5-fold of the control level after 36 h of treatment. Immunoblot studies further illustrated that although EAE-PS downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) expression in breast cancer cells, the induced apoptosis could not be prevented by the caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK). All these results suggest that EAE-PS retards MCF-7 cell growth by activating the caspase-independent mitochondrial cell death pathway. Results from this study support future research and development of the bioactive ingredients from Patrinia scabiosaefolia as anticancer agents, especially against those apoptosis-resistant cancers with deregulated Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) expression.
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PMID:Ethyl acetate extract of Patrinia scabiosaefolia downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) expression, and induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells independent of caspase-9 activation. 1636 Oct 73

The human prothrombin kringle-2 protein inhibits angiogenesis and LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma) growth and metastasis in mice. Additionally, the NSA9 peptide (NSAVQLVEN) derived from human prothrombin kringle-2 has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of BCE (bovine capillary endothelial) cells and CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) angiogenesis. In the present study, we examined the structure-activity relationships of the NSA9 peptide in inhibiting the proliferation of endothelial cells lines e.g. BCE and HUVE (human umbilical vein endothelial). N- or C-terminal truncated derivatives and reverse sequence analogues of NSA9 were prepared and their anti-proliferative activities were assessed using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay. This cell proliferation assay demonstrated that both the N-terminal region and sequence orientation of NSA9 are important for inhibiting the proliferation of endothelial cells. In particular 2 C-terminal truncation derivatives of NSA9 [NSA7 (NSAVQLV) and NSA8 (NSAVQLVE)] inhibited cellular proliferation to a greater extent than did NSA9. The heptapeptide NSA7, was found to be more potent than NSA9 in inhibiting CAM angiogenesis, and tubular formation and migration of HUVE cells. In addition NSA9, NSA8 and NSA7 peptides exhibited considerable inhibitory effects on the proliferation of tumour cells such as B16F10 (murine melanoma), LLC and L929 (murine fibroblast). Also, cellular internalization studies demonstrated that NSA7 was internalized into both endothelial and tumour cells more easily than was NSA9. In conclusion, these results suggest that NSA7, residing within the full sequence of NSA9, contains the required sequence for anti-proliferative activity and cellular internalization.
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PMID:Structure-activity relationships of the human prothrombin kringle-2 peptide derivative NSA9: anti-proliferative activity and cellular internalization. 1639 Mar 27

Anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was physically loaded into the micelles prepared from poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymers (PEOz-PLLA). PEOz-PLLA consists of hydrophilic segment PEOz and hydrophobic segment PLLA showed pH-sensitivity in the aqueous solution. The DOX-loaded micelle exhibited a narrow size distribution with a mean diameter around 170 nm. The micellar structure can preserve hydrophobic drug DOX under the physiological condition (pH 7.4) and selectively release DOX by sensing the intracellular pH change in late endosomes and secondary lysosomes (pH 4-5). At 37 degrees C, the cumulated released rate of DOX from micelles was about 65% at pH 5.0 in the initial 24 h. Additionally, polymeric micelles had low cytotoxicity in human normal fibroblast HFW cells for 72 h by using MTT assay. Moreover, DOX-loaded micelles could slowly and efficiency decrease cell viability of non-small-cell lung carcinoma CL3 cells. Taken together, PEOz-b-PLLA diblock polymeric micelles may act as useful drug carriers for cancer therapy.
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PMID:Environmental-sensitive micelles based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymer for application in drug delivery. 1661 20

Calcitriol is a potent antiproliferative agent against various tumour cells in vitro. Here, the results of a study on vitamin D compounds (calcitriol's analogues PRI-1906 and PRI-2191) as potential agents in combined antitumour therapy in vitro are presented. Applying antiproliferative SRB and MTT assays, the growth inhibitory effects of the vitamin D compounds, applied alone or in combination with either cisplatin or doxorubicin, were measured. The following cancer cell lines were employed: A549 (human non-small cell lung carcinoma), B16 (murine melanoma), CCRF, HL-60 (human leukaemia), SW707 (human colon cancer), MCF-7, T47D (human breast cancer), WEHI-3 (mouse leukaemia) and normal cells: BALB 3T3 (normal murine fibroblast cell line). It was shown that the treatment of tumour cells, which are sensitive to vitamin D compounds, with the combination of vitamin D compounds and cytostatics decreased the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values compared with the effects of the cytostatics applied alone.
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PMID:Antiproliferative activity of vitamin D compounds in combination with cytostatics. 1688 80

Developing novel mechanism-based chemopreventive approaches for lung cancer through the use of dietary substances which humans can accept has become an important goal. In the present study, employing normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and human lung carcinoma A549 cells, we first compared the growth inhibitory effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE). Treatment of PFE (50-150 microg/ml) for 72 h was found to result in a decrease in the viability of A549 cells but had only minimal effects on NHBE cells as assessed by the MTT and Trypan blue assays. PFE treatment of A549 cells also resulted in dose-dependent arrest of cells in G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle (as assessed by DNA cell cycle analysis). We further found that PFE treatment also resulted in (i) induction of WAF1/p21 and KIP1/p27, (ii) decrease in the protein expressions of cyclins D1, D2 and E, and (iii) decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2, cdk4 and cdk6 expression. The treatment of cells with PFE inhibited (i) phosphorylation of MAPK proteins, (ii) inhibition of PI3K, (iii) phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, (iv) NF-kappaB and IKKalpha, (v) degradation and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, and (vi) Ki-67 and PCNA. We also found that PFE treatment to A549 cells resulted in inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. Oral administration of PFE (0.1 and 0.2%, wt/vol) to athymic nude mice implanted with A549 cells resulted in a significant inhibition in tumor growth. Our results provide a suggestion that PFE can be a useful chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent against human lung cancer.
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PMID:Pomegranate fruit extract inhibits prosurvival pathways in human A549 lung carcinoma cells and tumor growth in athymic nude mice. 1692 Jul 36

In this study the antineoplastic activity of methanolic extracts of six medicinal plants that are native to Iran, including Galium mite, Ferulago angulata, Stachys obtusicrena, Cirsium bracteosum and Echinophora cinerea was investigated. Different tumor cell lines were exposed to the extracts and cytotoxic analysis using MTT colorimetric assay was performed. Quantification of percentage of cells undergoing apoptotic changes by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis on sensitive cell lines was then carried out. Results obtained indicated that almost all of the extracts more or less had the capacity to decrease the proliferation of tumor cells. Among the plants, the highest activity against K562 leukemia cell line was found for E. cinerea and C. bracteosum with IC50 less than 20 microg/ml followed by G. mite with IC50 of 39.8 microg/ml. F. angulata and E. cinerea, mostly inhibited Jurkat cells proliferation (IC50 less than 8 microg/ml). Fifty percent inhibition of Fen bladder cell carcinoma due to exposure to F. angulata and E. cinerea was found at concentrations of nearly 180 microg/ml. A549, a lung carcinoma cell, was mostly affected by S. obtusicrena (IC50 more than 200 microg/ml). In flow cytometry analysis, C. bracteosum, E. cinerea, F. angulata and S. obtusicrena extracts demonstrated no remarkable effects on the cell cycle profile of K562 and Jurkat cells. Moreover, in DNA fragmentation analysis of treated cells, no ladder formation was detected. In contrary, G. mite caused more than 40% apoptosis in the K562 and Jurkat cells. In DNA fragmentation analysis G. mite extract produced ladder formation in these cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that the extracts used in this study have anti tumor activity particularly against the leukemia cell lines and that apoptosis is the possible cause of cell death observed due to the extract of G. mite.
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PMID:Anticancer effects of various Iranian native medicinal plants on human tumor cell lines. 1701 38

The high incidence of lung cancer and ineffective toxic action of current mono and doublet chemotherapy approaches result in poor patient survival. Further, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in neoplastic invasion and metastasis. Based on this, the authors investigated the effect of a dietary micronutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract on the tumor growth of human lung carcinoma cell A-549 xenografts in athymic nude mice. Additionally, the authors tested the in vitro antitumor effect of NM on lung carcinoma A-549 cells by measuring cell proliferation by MTT assay, MMP-2 and -9 secretion by gelatinase zymography, and cell invasion through Matrigel. Nutrient supplementation strongly suppressed the growth of tumors without adverse effects in nude mice; tumor weight was reduced by 44% (P = .0001) and tumor burden was reduced by 47% (P < .0001) with supplementation. Zymography demonstrated in vitro secretion of MMP-2 by uninduced human lung carcinoma cells and both MMP-2 and -9 by phorbol 12-mysristate 13-acetate (PMA) (200 ng/mL)-treated cells. NM inhibited the secretion of both MMPs in a dose-dependent fashion, with virtual total inhibition at 500 microg/mL concentration. The invasion of human lung carcinoma cells through Matrigel was significantly reduced at 100 microg/mL (64%) and totally inhibited at 500 microg/mL concentration of NM (P = .01). Suppression of lung tumor growth in nude mice and inhibition of MMP secretion and Matrigel invasion suggest NM may act as an anticancer agent and as such warrants further investigation.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro antitumor effect of a unique nutrient mixture on lung cancer cell line A-549. 1716 51


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