Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a rare case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in a young Japanese woman. An 18-year-old woman presented with productive cough. Chest radiogram and computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor in the left hilum accompanied by partial atelectasis of the left upper lobe and pleural effusion. Transbronchial fine-needle aspiration cytology supported a tentative diagnosis of primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical stage was T4N2M1, with multiple bone metastases. Despite a transient response to chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin and paclitaxel, the patient died because of tumor progression 2 months after the start of the chemotherapy. Necropsy established the diagnosis of basaloid squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. Immunohistochemical studies of the necropsy specimen indicated that the tumor was positive for keratin, vimentin, and S100, and negative for chromogranin A, cytokeratin CAM5.2, and bcl-2. Besides the rarity of the disease itself, the present case seemed to have additional uniqueness in that the patient was 18 years old and female. This is the youngest patient with a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung ever reported.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung in a young woman. 1650 33

To elucidate additional phenotypic differences between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), we performed tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of surgically resected LCNEC and SCLC specimens. Immunostaining with 48 antibodies was scored based on staining intensity and the percentage of cells that stained positively. Four proteins were identified as significantly expressed in LCNEC as compared with SCLC: cytokeratin (CK)7, 113 vs 49 (P < .0301); CK18, 171 vs 60 (P < .0008); E-cadherin, 77 vs 9 (P < .0073); and beta-catenin, 191 vs 120 (P < .0286). Immunostaining of cross-sections containing LCNEC and SCLC components revealed significant expression of CK7, CK18 and beta-catenin in the LCNEC component compared with the SCLC component in 2 of 3 cases. Our results indicate that significant expression of CK7, CK18, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin is more characteristic of LCNEC than of SCLC, and these findings provide further support that these tumor types are separate entities morphologically and immunophenotypically, if not biologically.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma by tissue microarray analysis with a large antibody panel. 1670 68

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells correlated to cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy response and the level of those proteins in relapsed disease. Samples were obtained by transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy (TBNA) of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in 17 patients. After cytological confirmation of SCLC, cells were stained by a panel of mAbs against internal epitopes of P-gp (JSB-1), MRP1 (MRPr1), LRP (LRP-56) and cytokeratin (MNF116) and analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed a significant negative correlation for better response rate to chemotherapy with individual expression of P-gp (r=-0.93, P<0.0001; Pearson correlation) and MRP1 (r=-0.78, P=0.0002; Pearson correlation) in chemo-naive SCLC cells and a non-significant correlation for LRP expression. P-gp and MRP1 expression was markedly increased in metastatic cells in four out of five patients with relapsed disease (4-12 months after starting chemotherapy), in comparison to their chemo-naive values. In conclusion, the results suggest that P-gp and MRP1 might be associated with SCLC cell survival during metastasis and chemotherapy, and that overexpression of those transporters in relapsed disease could assist short-term chemotherapy efficiency.
Lung Cancer 2006 Nov
PMID:Multidrug resistance in small cell lung cancer: expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 1 and lung resistance protein in chemo-naive patients and in relapsed disease. 1693 63

We report 4 cases of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung, which has clinical and microscopic features similar to malignant mesothelioma, but with ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics suggestive of a histogenesis from type II pneumocytes. Neoplasm grows as a diffuse or solid pattern of large polygonal cells with sharply defined borders. Hale's colloidal iron is positive in the cytoplasm of small groups of cells and, focally, in some intercellular spaces. Ultrastructure showed short microvilli in the surface. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, podoplanin, mesothelin, pan-cytokeratin, CK-7, CK-19, Ber-EP4, epithelial membrane antigen, apoprotein surfactant A, epidermal growth factor receptor, Leu-M1, carcinoembryonic antigen, E-cadherin, and CD-44 and negative for mesothelioma markers thrombomodulin and calretinin. In some areas, there were small cysts which contained a concentric fibrilar basophilic material apoprotein surfactant A positive. Chromosomal imbalances with comparative genomic hybridization technique were identified with a median of 15 abnormalities per case (range, 1-26): 51 gains, 6 losses, and 1 high-level amplification. The most frequent aberrations among the cases were gains on chromosomes regions 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, 16p, and 18q and losses in 17p11-13 and 17q 22-q25. High-level amplifications were detected on 7p13-p21. In all cases, there was a characteristic association between the gains on 16p and those on 18q. The 4 cases resulted in death in less than 14 months, in spite of complete surgery and chemotherapy in 2 cases. Our aim is to complement the current understanding of this pseudomesotheliomatous "pneumocytic" carcinoma and alert pathologists to this rare entity to avoid misdiagnosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with a distinct morphology, immunohistochemistry, and comparative genomic hybridization profile. 1763 Jan 7

We studied 44 cases of small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) and 2 cases of large cell neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma (LCNBC) to determine the immunohistochemical profile and biologic behavior. Thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, cytokeratin (CK)20, chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and Leu-7 studies were performed. TTF-1+ cases were stained for surfactant protein A (SP-A). The immunohistochemical profile for 44 SCBC cases was as follows: TTF-1+, 11 (25%); CK20+, 3 (7%); CgA+, 13 (30%); synaptophysin+, 22 (50%); NSE+, 35 (80%); and Leu-7+, 30 (68%), and for 2 LCNBC cases was as follows: TTF-1+, 2 (100%); CgA+, (50%); synaptophysin+, 1 (50%); NSE+, 2 (100%); and Leu- 7+, 2 (100%). All cases with TTF-1 expression were negative for SP-A, except 1 case. This case was a mixed SCBC with TTF-1 expression in the urothelial component, which also expressed SP-A. Immunohistochemical markers were not associated with survival. The prognosis of SCBC is relatively better than its pulmonary counterpart. LCNBC seems to be a rarely recognized entity. TTF-1 expression is not limited to small cell lung carcinoma.
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PMID:Large cell and small cell neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma: immunohistochemical and outcome study in a single institution. 1795 Nov 91

We report a rare case of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast. A 44-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a mass in her left breast. Fine-needle biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation resembling small cell carcinoma of the lung. Systemic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no primary site in the lung or any other organ. A modified radical mastectomy with removal of the axillary lymph node (Bt + Ax, R2) was performed. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was composed of small round to oval cells with a large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The tumor cells were positive for neuroendocrine differentiation markers such as synaptophysin, CD56, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but negative for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). Interestingly, the tumor cells lacked immunoreactivity for epithelial markers, including cytokeratin AE1/3, CAM5.2, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The patient was given adjuvant chemotherapy for axillary lymph node metastasis. There were no signs of recurrence 22 months after surgery.
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PMID:A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the breast. 1798 8

We previously reported a new method of segmentectomy, pulmonary artery-guided segmentectomy as a surgical alternative for small-sized early lung cancer with favorable results, but the follow-up time was too short for definitive conclusion. To examine the efficacy of the segmentectomy, and to determine the appropriate surgical procedure for early lung cancer, we conducted a retrospective follow-up study, and examined the influences of tumor size and preoperative serum tumor marker levels on the prognosis. We reviewed the records of 91 patients who underwent the segmentectomy for pathological T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer from 1993 to 2002. In 85 patients, carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen, and a fragment of cytokeratin were measured preoperatively. The overall 5-year survival rate was 83%. Indication (intentional, n=47; compromised, n=44) and tumor size (20mm or less, n=68; 21 to 30 mm, n=23) had no significant impact on survival. The 5-year survival rate for 49 patients with normal tumor marker levels was 93%, and significantly higher than 36 patients with at least one elevated tumor marker level (68%, p<0.01). Median follow-up time of 72.0 months revealed 11 locoregional recurrences. The incidence of locoregional recurrence was significantly higher in the patients with tumors of 21-30 mm, and elevated tumor marker (p<0.01). The follow-up study demonstrated that the segmentectomy could be an acceptable surgical treatment for early lung cancer patients with tumors of 20mm or smaller and normal tumor marker levels.
Lung Cancer 2009 Jan
PMID:A follow-up report on a new method of segmental resection for small-sized early lung cancer. 1856 16

The increasing panel of systemic therapies enables the individual management of cancer patients, even in advanced stages. However, diagnostic tools indicating early the efficacy of therapy are still needed. In prospectively collected sera of 161 patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving second-line chemotherapy, the courses of nucleosomes, cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) were investigated and correlated with therapy response. At high specificity for detection of progressive disease, most sensitive biomarkers were identified and included in a combination model. High levels and insufficient decreases of nucleosomes and CYFRA 21-1 during the first cycle of therapy indicated poor outcome. Combination of nucleosome concentrations at day 8 and CYFRA 21-1 before start of the second cycle enabled the early detection of progressive disease with a sensitivity of 34.4% at 95% specificity (AUC 0.79) prior to imaging techniques. When cutoffs were fixed at the 90th percentile of responding patients, the combination model achieved sensitivities of 19% at 100% specificity and of 52% at 88% specificity. Thus, nucleosomes and CYFRA 21-1 showed to be valuable for the individual management of patients with recurrent NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 2009 Jan
PMID:Nucleosomes and CYFRA 21-1 indicate tumor response after one cycle of chemotherapy in recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. 1857 61

A 71-year-old patient with a pulmonary lesion was diagnosed with a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor following examination of a fine needle aspiration biopsy. Analysis of a peripheral blood sample with the CellSearch system revealed the presence of putative circulating tumor cells (CTC) that were positive for EpCAM and cytokeratin (CK) expression. Since EpCAM is not usually expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, we performed a biopsy of liver metastases. Morphological and immunophenotypical characterization revealed that the patient had an EpCAM and CK positive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). By using the CellSearch apparatus, EpCAM/CK positive CTC were detected in peripheral blood samples from 3 out of 4 additional SCLC patients. This study is the first to demonstrate that CTC can be identified in SCLC patients by using the CellSearch system.
Lung Cancer 2009 Jul
PMID:A "live" biopsy in a small-cell lung cancer patient by detection of circulating tumor cells. 1926 49

The author reports a very rare case of cutaneous metastasis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung. The skin metastasis was an initial presentation. A 67-year-old man consulted our hospital because of left chest skin mass. An excisional biopsy was performed, and it showed proliferation of malignant sarcomatoid spindle and polygonal cells in the deep dermis and subcutis remote from the epidermis and appendages. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratins, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 18, vimentin, p53, Ki-67 (95%) and PDGFRA. They were negative for high molecular weight CK, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK 19, CK 20, epithelial membrane antigen, TTF-1, CEA, desmin, S100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, p63, CD34, surfactant apoprotein A, chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, CD68, CD56, D2-40, calretinin and KIT. A pathological diagnosis of metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma probably originating from the lung was made. Then, the patient was admitted to our hospital, and imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor in the left lung. No other tumors were detected in the imaging techniques. Lung biopsy was planned, but the patient suddenly died; the cause of death was unclear. Autopsy was not performed. The present report suggests that sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung should be considered in cutaneous metastatic lesions.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung presenting as a cutaneous metastasis. 1960 61


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