Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five different types of lung cancers, i.e. squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, small cell lung carcinomas, carcinoids and adenoid cystic carcinomas were examined for their intermediate filament constituents, with special emphasis on the different cytokeratin polypeptides and neurofilament proteins. Polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies to these proteins were used in immunocytochemical techniques applied to both tumor frozen sections and paraffin sections. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas could be shown to contain cytokeratins, which could be detected in both frozen sections and paraffin sections. Also small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid lung tumors showed a positive staining reaction with polyclonal and monoclonal (cyto)keratin antibodies, but were negative with neurofilament antibodies, with the exception of one case of lung carcinoid, which co-expressed neurofilaments and cytokeratins. We have used antibodies to cytokeratin polypeptides, to neurofilament proteins and to a neuroendocrine related membrane antigen (MOC-1) to further subclassify heterogeneously composed squamous cell carcinomas. Using a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin 18, normally present in glandular tissues and adenocarcinomas, we observed that more than 90% of the squamous cell carcinomas examined can be stained with this antibody. The percentage of tumor cells, however, positive for cytokeratin 18 varies between 1 and 100%. In these same tumors a monoclonal antibody to skin keratins, which is known to react specifically with keratinizing cells, also stained variable numbers of tumor cells. This finding confirms the presence of (keratinizing) squamous cell carcinoma elements in these tumors. Our data show that most lung tumors, heretofore considered pure squamous cell carcinomas, should be considered biologically adenosquamous carcinomas. Also areas positive with MOC-1 were found in these tumors, suggesting the presence of squamous cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Furthermore, in some poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas areas with neurofilament positive cells were detected, suggesting a neural differentiation within these neoplasms. Adenoid cystic carcinomas are shown to co-express cytokeratins and vimentin in the tumor cells. This phenomenon can be used to identify such tumors and to distinguish them from other lung tumors.
 ...
PMID:Detection of epithelial- and neural type of intermediate filament proteins in human lung tumors. 303 39

Monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins, isolated from human callus, were prepared. Here we describe the characterization of three of these monoclonal antibodies (Clones 77, 78, and 80) with special emphasis on the staining characteristics of a number of normal epithelial tissues and a series of tumors. On thin sections and in immunoblotting experiments our monoclonal antibodies showed different specificities. In immunoblots Clone 80 stained more bands in preparations of cytokeratin from callus, cultured keratinocytes, and a metastasis of a lung carcinoma than Clones 77 and 78. In this last cytokeratin preparation Clones 77 and 78 each stained a separate band not stained by Clone 80. In normal tissues Clone 80 stained all types of epithelia except myoepithelium and podocytes of glomeruli. Clone 78 stained mainly squamous epithelium. Clone 77 stained differentiated squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium, ductal epithelium, and parenchymatous epithelium. These results confirm the heterogeneity of cytokeratins. In neoplasms Clone 77 was positive with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Clone 78 stained squamous cell carcinoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Clone 80 stained all epithelial tumors, including anaplastic carcinoma, and is therefore useful in tumor diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies with different specificities against cytokeratins. An immunohistochemical study of normal tissues and tumors. 619 87

The various epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract and the carcinomas derived from them differ markedly in their differentiation characteristics. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal proteins from microdissected tissues we have considered whether cytokeratin polypeptides can serve as markers of cell differentiation in epithelia from various parts of the human and bovine lower respiratory tract. In addition , we have compared these protein patterns with those found in the two commonest types of human lung carcinoma and in several cultured lung carcinoma cell lines. By immunofluorescence microscopy, broad spectrum antibodies to cytokeratins stain all epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, including basal, ciliated, goblet, and alveolar cells as well as all tumor cells of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. However, in contrast, selective cytokeratin antibodies reveal cell type-related differences. Basal cells of the bronchial epithelium react with antibodies raised against a specific epidermal keratin polypeptide but not with antibodies derived from cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelia. When examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the alveolar cells of human lung show cytokeratin polypeptides typical of simple epithelia (nos. 7, 8, 18 and 19) whereas the bronchial epithelium expresses, in addition, basic cytokeratins (no. 5, small amounts of no. 6) as well as the acidic polypeptides nos. 15 and 17. Bovine alveolar cells also differ from cells of the tracheal epithelium by the absence of a basic cytokeratin polypeptide. All adenocarcinomas of the lung reveal a "simple-epithelium-type" cytokeratin pattern (nos. 7, 8, 18 and 19). In contrast, squamous cell carcinomas of the lung contain an unusual complexity of cytokeratins. We have consistently found polypeptides nos. 5, 6, 8, 13, 17, 18 and 19 and, in some cases, variable amounts of cytokeratins nos. 4, 14 and 15. Several established cell lines derived from human lung carcinomas (SK-LU-1, Calu -1, SK-MES-1 and A-549) show a uniform pattern of cytokeratin polypeptides (nos. 7, 8, 18 and 19), similar to that found in adenocarcinomas. In addition, vimentin filaments are produced in all the cell lines examined, except for SK-LU-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cytokeratins in normal lung and lung carcinomas. I. Adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and cultured cell lines. 620 12

A human epithelial cell line, WISH, and a mouse cell line, LB6-uPAR, transfected with the human urokinase receptor (uPAR), both expressed high affinity uPAR but undetectable levels of urokinase (uPA). In two independent assays, binding of exogenous pro-uPA produced an up to threefold enhancement of migration. The migration was time and concentration dependent and did not involve extracellular proteolysis. This biologic response suggested that uPAR can trigger an intracellular signal. Since this receptor is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein, we postulated that it must do so by interacting with other proteins, among which, by analogy to other systems, would be a kinase. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a solid phase capture of uPAR from WISH cell lysates using either antibodies against uPAR or pro-uPA adsorbed to plastic wells, followed by in vitro phosphorylation of the immobilized proteins. SDS-PAGE and autoradiography revealed two phosphorylated protein bands of 47 and 55 kD. Both proteins were phosphorylated on serine residues. Partial sequence of the two proteins showed a 100% homology to cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and 8 (CK8), respectively. A similar pattern of phosphorylation was obtained with lysates from A459 cells, a lung carcinoma, but not HL60, LB6-uPAR or HEp3 cell lysates, suggesting that the identified multiprotein uPAR-complex may be specific for simple epithelia. Moreover, immunocapture with antibody to another glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein, CD55, which is highly expressed in WISH cells, was ineffective. The kinase was tentatively identified as protein kinase C, because it was inhibited by an analogue of staurosporine more specific for PKC and not by a PKA or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The kinase was tentatively identified as PKC epsilon because of its resistance to PMA down-modulation, independence of Ca2+ for activity, and reaction with a specific anti-PKC epsilon antibody in Western blots. Cell fractionation into cytosolic and particulate fractions revealed that all four proteins, the kinase, uPAR, CK18, and CK8, were present in the particulate fraction. In vivo, CK8, and to a lesser degree CK18, were found to be phosphorylated on serine residues. Occupation of uPAR elicited a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation intensity of CK8, a cell shape change and a redistribution of the cytokeratin filaments. These results strongly suggest that uPAR serves not only as an anchor for uPA but participates in a signal transduction pathway resulting in a pronounced biological response.
 ...
PMID:Induction of cell migration by pro-urokinase binding to its receptor: possible mechanism for signal transduction in human epithelial cells. 751 43

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a primary cutaneous neoplasm most commonly involving older adults. The cell of origin is thought to be the Merkel cell, a cutaneous neurosecretory cell. However, other neuroectodermal tumors may present in the skin and may be difficult to distinguish from MCC, including peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and metastatic small cell carcinoma. We examined a primary cutaneous tumor of an 18-year-old which was strongly positive for cytokeratin (CK), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and 12E7, an antibody to the protein determined by the MIC2 gene. Electron microscopy showed paranuclear aggregates of filaments and no cytoplasmic processes. These findings were considered to be consistent with MCC. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated 46,XX,der(1)t(1;3;22)(1qter-->pa34::3q28-->q11::22q 12--> qter),der(3)t(1;3)(3pter-->q11::1p35-->pter), der(22)t(3;22)(22pter-->q11::?3q29-->qter). This was confirmed by chromosome painting using probes for chromosomes 1, 3, and 22. Peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) show a characteristic translocation involving the same breakpoint on chromosome 22 that was present in this tumor. PNETs can also be CK and NSE positive. The MIC2 gene codes for a surface glycoprotein that has been shown to be very strongly and reliably expressed in PNETs, but not in other small round blue cell tumors and not in small cell carcinoma of the lung. However, MIC2 expression has not been studied in MCC. We investigated the use of MIC2 analysis in the distinction of MCC from PNET. Five additional MCCs were stained with the monoclonal 12E7 antibody, and one additional tumor showed the strong membranous positivity reported in PNETs. Our data suggest that MIC2 analysis may be useful in differentiating between MCC and PNET. However, cases will remain for which the distinction is elusive and cytogenetic analysis may be helpful.
 ...
PMID:Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnostic use of cytogenetic and MIC2 analysis. 762 31

After 4-6 months in continuous culture the human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line, U-1906, changed its radiobiological characteristics spontaneously. The cell line became more radioresistant indicating an increased repair capacity. This change was accompanied by a more adherent growth pattern, a higher clonogeneity, a decrease in the cytokeratin (tissue polypeptide antigen) content and increased glucagon and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) production. Other parameters such as the estramustine-binding protein (EMBP) and the proliferation associated antigen Ki-67 were unaltered. This spontaneous transformation in vitro of U-1906 may reflect a clinically important in vivo phenomenon of SCLC, which frequently develops resistance both to radio- and chemotherapy.
Lung Cancer 1995 Jun
PMID:Increased radioresistance of an in vitro transformed human small cell lung cancer cell line. 765 29

The human hepatoma cell line G2 (Hep G2) has been compared to lung carcinoma, sarcoma and skin fibroblasts for the expression of intermediate filaments, i.e. vimentin and cytokeratin. The immunofluorescence study revealed that, in contradiction to Szecheng et al. (1987), cytokeratin and vimentin are absent in Hep G2. Human skin fibroblasts and sarcoma cells expressed vimentin as expected for their mesenchymal origin, but a positive reaction to vimentin could also be shown in lung carcinoma cells. However, the vimentin filament structure of both these tumour cell lines was different in comparison with skin fibroblasts. Therefore determining the exact tissue origin of tumour cell lines by means of intermediate filament characterization remains doubtful.
 ...
PMID:Characterisation of human tumour cell lines using antibodies to intermediate filaments. 769 76

Clear cell carcinoma of the lung is an extremely rare type of lung cancer with doubtful etiology. This present case showed that the tumor cells contained abundant cytoplasmic glycogen with a diffusely distributed pattern and intracellular glandular structure electron microscopically. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the tumor cells expressed not only epithelial marker including cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but also Ley, one of stage-specific embryonic carbohydrate antigens. The diagnosis of pulmonary clear cell carcinoma should be done carefully, because benign clear cell tumor and secondary renal cell carcinoma show similarities in a histologic appearance but not in their management and prognosis.
Lung Cancer 1993 Oct
PMID:Clear cell carcinoma of the lung: a case report and review of the literature. 806 98

The serum levels of cytokeratin-19 were measured in 116 patients--96 with NSCLC and 20 with non-malignant lung diseases. The reference group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers--30 smokers and 30 non-smokers. Significantly elevated Cyfra 21-1 values were observed in NSCLC. There was not a correlation between of cytokeratin-19 serum levels and histologic types of lung carcinoma. Cyfra 21-1 concentrations generally increased with stage of diseases and the highest were in patients with evidence of distant metastases. In NSCLC, the distribution of Cyfra 21-1 varied significantly according to the performance status of NSCLC patients.
 ...
PMID:[Level of cytokeratin-19 in serum of patients with non small cell lung cancer]. 861 76

We report two cases of small pleural nodules showing the distinctive histologic appearance of adenomatoid tumor. Both lesions were discovered incidentally during surgery in patients undergoing lung resection for unrelated intrapulmonary masses: lung carcinoma in one case and histoplasmosis in the other. The tumors were composed of a focal proliferation of epithelioid cells forming vacuoles and tubular spaces in a fibrous stroma, as seen in adenomatoid tumors from other sites. The differential diagnosis in both cases included metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma. The mesothelial nature of the lesions was supported by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence. The tumor cells in both cases were positive for cytokeratin but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and LeuM1. One case was also negative for BER-EP4, B72.3, CD34, and Factor VIII. Electron microscopy in this case demonstrated well-developed basal laminae, desmosomes, and numerous slender microvilli along the luminal surfaces of the tumor cells. Adenomatoid tumors are regarded as a benign variant of mesothelioma. Despite the abundance of mesothelial cells in the pleura, adenomatoid tumors are apparently extremely rare in this location. Separation from malignant lesions such as adenocarcinoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is important.
 ...
PMID:Adenomatoid tumors of the pleura. 882 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>