Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To ascertain whether the content of endocrine markers is constant in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, levels of three markers of medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied in this tumor. Histaminase was increased in six of six primary tumors (three to 14,000 times), L-dopa decarboxylase in four of six (six to 30 times), and calcitonin in one of one (eight times) over levels in adjacent lung. Marker levels in mediastinal metastases reflected those in primary tumors in four of five patients. However, in four of seven, multiple hepatic metastases contained low to absent levels despite simultaneously high values in chest lesions. Immunohistochemical studies of histaminase revealed that within each primary tumor different cells contained different amounts of the enzyme. Since marker content varied between tumor cells, between primary tumors and between metastases in individual patients we conclude that circulating levels of these three markers cannot be expected necessarily to mirror tumor burden in patients with small-cell lung tumors.
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PMID:Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications. 2 72

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

A chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and procarbazine was evaluated in 43 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The majority of patients received radiation therapy of the primary tumor, but chemotherapy alone was utilized in a group of patients with widely disseminated disease. In addition to thorough staging with radioisotope scans and bone marrow biopsies, a study of calcitonin and histaminase as biochemical markers was performed. The BCVP chemotherapy resulted in a complete and partial response rate of 53% when given alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. The survival data are preliminary, but the complete responders do have a statistically significant better survival (mean of + -95 days) than the partial responders and nonresponders. Hypercalcitonemia was not detected in our patients, but elevated histaminase activity was found in eight of 24 patients with small cell carcinoma and in only one of 19 patients with squamous and large cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Management of small cell carcinoma of the lung: therapy, staging, and biochemical markers. 18 55

Investigations were performed to evaluate the incidence of increased serum calcitonin and histaminase in 79 patients with untreated small cell carcinoma of the lung (SSC). In addition, serum calcitonin was measured following pentagastrin stimulation in 19 of these patients. Serum calcitonin was elevated in 54 of 79 patients (68%), 20 patients (25%) having a level usually associated with the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). The levels of histaminase, on the other hand, did not differ from the distribution in normals. In three of 19 patients undergoing the pentagastrin stimulation test, calcitonin was significantly increased. Thus, serum calcitonin is frequently elevated in patients with SCC and a positive pentagastrin test is not pathognomonic of MCT.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the lung: serum calcitonin and serum histaminase (diamine oxidase) at basal levels and stimulated by pentagastrin. 21 4

Endocrine and immunohistochemical studies were performed in a patient with lung cancer associated with gynecomastia. Elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in plasma and mild hyperadrenocorticism were demonstrated by hormone assays. Postmortem examination proved the existence of anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the lung mixed with a feature of chorioepithelioma. The presence of significant amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH), calcitonin, gastrin, hCG, hCG-alpha, hCG-beta and human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) in tumor tissues was demonstrated by radioimmunoassays, bioassay and immunohistochemical techniques. We present here a unique case of multiple hormones producing tumor elaborating both hormones of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) series (ACTH, beta-MSH, calcitonin and gastrin) and of placental origin (hCG, hCG-alpha, hCG-beta and hCS).
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PMID:Multiple-hormone producing lung carcinoma. 22 25

The relations of calcitonin concentrations to the presence of bone marrow metastases and to the concentrations of calcium, parathormone and gastrin in serum were investigated in 74 untreated patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Calcitonin concentrations were enhanced in two thirds of the patients, while serum calcium concentrations were normal in all. In 19 of 57 patients parathormone concentrations were slightly above the normal range, but the concentrations of parathormone and calcitonin were not correlated. Bone marrow metastases had no influence on the concentration of serum calcitonin. Finally, a small inverse correlation between the concentrations of gastrin and calcitonin in serum was observed. The results resemble those of the calcitonin-producing medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, supporting the suggestion of an ectopic source of hypercalcitoninemia in small cell carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the lung: relation of calcitonin to bone marrow metastases, parathormone and gastrin. 22 33

The DMS-79 continuous line of human small cell lung carcinoma cells, which produces immunoreactive (IR)-corticotropin (ACTH), -lipotropin (LPH), and -beta-endorphin (beta END), was found to produce IR-calcitonin (CT). Two major high molecular weight (HMW) forms of IR-CT were observed after gel exclusion chromatography under denaturing conditions (mol wt. approximately 7,000 and approximately 14,000), as well as a minor HMW IR-CT component (mol. wt. approximately 70,000). None of these IR-CT materials was extracted from DMS-79 medium by affinity chromatography using an ACTH antibody covalently bound to agarose. These results demonstrate ectopic production of HMW forms of CT and ACTH/LPH/beta END by human lung tumor cells in tissue culture, but do not support the existence of a common CT/ACTH/LPH/beta END precursor molecule.
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PMID:Ectopic production of high molecular weight calcitonin and corticotropin by human small cell carcinoma cells in tissue culture: evidence for separate precursors. 23 96

Monolayer cultures have been established from a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung. Homogeneous cell growth and morphology have been maintained for over 18 months through more than 80 subculture passages, and the cells have been found to produce both immunoreactive calcitonin and an immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen-like material.
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PMID:Immunoreactive calcitonin production by human lung carcinoma cells in culture. 123 82

The calcitonin/alpha-CGRP (CT/CGRP) gene is ectopically expressed in a wide variety of neoplasia. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for this ectopic expression in the human cell line BEN, which is derived from a poorly differentiated squamous cell lung carcinoma. We show that a trans-acting factor which represses expression of the CT/CGRP gene in HeLa cells is absent or inactive in BEN cells, and have localised the repressor binding site to a 53 bp fragment 1500 bp upstream of the transcription start site.
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PMID:Loss of transcriptional repression contributes to the ectopic expression of the calcitonin/alpha-CGRP gene in a human lung carcinoma cell line. 163 79

We have previously described the neoplastic transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by the combination of the c-raf-1 and c-myc protooncogenes and the concomitant induction of neuron-specific enolase mRNA expression (A. Pfeifer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86: 10075-10079, 1989). In this paper we describe the morphological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the primary c-raf-1/c-myc tumors, xenografts of these tumors, and tumors that originated from cell lines of the primary neoplasm. The tumors were morphologically characterized by the appearance of desmosomes and tonofilaments, microvilli, and dense core granules representing markers of squamous, glandular, and neuroendocrine differentiation, respectively. A total of 11 of 13 tumors were positive by immunohistochemical techniques for neuron-specific enolase, serotonin (nine of 13), and calcitonin (six of 13). Keratins were expressed in 11 of 13 tumors, and while specific keratins (K5, K7, K16/K17) decreased, there was an increase of vimentin in the tumor cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity was detectable in a small number of tumors (five of 13). BEAS-2B cells transfected with the c-raf-1 and c-myc protooncogenes and cell lines established from the primary tumors expressed major histocompatibility Class II antigen which has been found on small cell lung carcinoma cells. The tumors induced by the c-raf-1 and c-myc protooncogenes resemble the multidifferentiated phenotype of small cell lung cancer frequently detected in vivo and present a defined model to study the relation between molecular markers, phenotypical appearance, and response to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.
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PMID:Human bronchial epithelial cells transformed by the c-raf-1 and c-myc protooncogenes induce multidifferentiated carcinomas in nude mice: a model for lung carcinogenesis. 171 50


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