Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recent trial by the MRC Lung Cancer Working Party used physician assessments to compare two palliative schedules of radiotherapy in lung cancer. A prospective study has been undertaken on a subset of these trial patients to see how physician assessments of symptomatic relief and general condition correlate with patient perception of therapeutic response. In 40 patients followed up monthly from presentation until close to death, good agreement was found between doctors and patients on change in specific physical symptoms and overall physical condition. Doctors were poor judges of life quality at presentation but appeared able to identify relative improvement or deterioration in overall quality of life. In conclusion, physician assessments may constitute valid end-points for radiotherapy trials comparing palliative schedules in lung cancer.
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PMID:Palliation and life quality in lung cancer; how good are clinicians at judging treatment outcome? 189 73

A human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) was compared with various other cell lines to determine susceptibility to viral growth. In the first phase of the study, A549 cells were compared with human embryonic kidney (HEK) and cynomolgus monkey kidney (CMK) cells for isolation of upper-respiratory disease viruses by using 1,248 throat swab specimens from basic-combat trainees. Of the 552 virus isolates, 507 were adenoviruses, 41 were polioviruses, and 4 were herpes simplex viruses (HSV). Of the isolates, 518 (93.8%) were isolated in A549 cells, 480 (87.0%) were isolated in HEK cells, and 262 (47.5%) were isolated in CMK cells (P less than 0.001). In the second phase of the study, A549 cells were compared with a human diploid fibroblast cell strain (MRC-5) and Vero monkey kidney (VMK) cells for the isolation of HSV from 1,157 specimens submitted for culture. Of the 227 HSV isolates, 210 (92.5%) were isolated in A549 cells, 202 (89.0%) were isolated in VMK cells (P greater than 0.1 for A549 versus VMK cells), and 167 (73.6%) were isolated in MRC-5 cells (P less than 0.001 for A549 versus MRC-5 cells). These results suggest that A549 cells are more susceptible to adenovirus infection and at least as susceptible to HSV infection compared with the other cell cultures evaluated. Detracting factors for the use of A549 cells were a slight loss of sensitivity to adenovirus at passage 120 and a concurrent change in the morphology of the cells. The A549 cell line proved to be an efficient, practical, and economical alternative cell system for the isolation of adenovirus and HSV in particular. Initial indications are that other clinically significant viruses may be grown in A549 cells; however, additional studies need to be performed.
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PMID:Alternative cell line for virus isolation. 301 38

A total of 458 eligible patients, from 21 centres, with microscopically confirmed SCLC were allocated at random to three chemotherapy regimens, each given at 3-week intervals. In two regimens, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine were given for a total of either three courses (ECMV3) or six courses (ECMV6). In the third regimen, etoposide and ifosfamide were given for six courses (E16). Patients with limited disease also received radiotherapy to the primary site after the third course of chemotherapy in all three groups. As reported by clinicians, 59% of the ECMV3, 67% of the ECMV6 and 63% of the EI6 patients experienced moderate or severe adverse reactions to their chemotherapy. The major symptoms of disease, cough, haemoptysis, chest pain, anorexia, and dysphagia, were palliated in 63% or more of patients and the median duration of palliation was 63% or more of survival, the results being similar in the three groups. Among patients with poor overall condition, physical activity and breathlessness on admission, the proportions who improved were higher in the EI6 group but the differences were small. In all three groups, levels of anxiety fell substantially during treatment. Levels of depression were lower and showed little change. As assessed by patients using a daily diary card, the patterns of nausea, vomiting, activity and mood, associated with courses of chemotherapy were very similar in the three groups. In the EI6 group there was less dysphagia and better overall condition between courses, but these advantages need to be weighed against the inconvenience of the 24-h infusions required, compared with the 30-min infusions of the other two regimens. As reported in the companion paper (MRC Lung Cancer Working Party, 1993a) there was no statistically significant survival advantage to any of the three regimens, although the results do not exclude the possibility of a minor survival advantage with the two six-course regimens. In conclusion, there was no major clinical gain from continuing chemotherapy beyond three courses or from using the ifosfamide regimen.
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PMID:A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). II: Quality of life. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 750 4

The ten most frequently reported pretreatment symptoms on the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, which was completed by more than 650 patients entering two MRC Lung Cancer Working Party multicentre randomised trials, included general symptoms (tiredness, lack of appetite) and psychological distress (worry, anxiety) in addition to disease-related chest symptoms (cough, shortness of breath). Although the number and severity of symptoms increased with worsening performance status, the commonest symptoms were found to be virtually the same for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and for different grades of performance status. Women with NSCLC reported more psychological symptoms than males, but this difference was much less evident in patients with SCLC. Thus, in order to assess fully the benefit of palliative treatments in patients with lung cancer, account must be taken of all symptoms at presentation, in addition to the traditionally recognised chest symptoms.
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PMID:Symptoms at presentation for treatment in patients with lung cancer: implications for the evaluation of palliative treatment. The Medical Research Council (MRC) Lung Cancer Working Party. 753 20

Two recent studies carried out by the Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party have suggested that large fraction radiotherapy to the chest in either 10-Gy single fraction or 17-Gy two-fraction doses, 1 week apart, is safe and effective for patients who require palliation for bronchogenic cancer. The Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, participated in the original MRC trial and anecdotal reports of acute chest pains, fevers, sweats and rigors in some patients during the first 24-hour period after radiotherapy treatment were noted. These acute side-effects were not monitored during the Medical Research Council trials. It was felt that this area warranted further evaluation in order to identify the incidence of such acute side-effects and to what extent they caused a reduction in the patients' remaining quality of life. A pilot study of 10 patients confirmed the manifestation of the side-effects reported anecdotally in the MRC trial. It was on this basis that the study was extended, with a further 51 patients being invited to participate over a 4-month period. The findings indicate a significant incidence of adverse side-effects in patients receiving large fraction radiotherapy to the chest in either 10-Gy single fraction or 17-Gy two-fraction doses, but that these are transient and do not cause unacceptable disruption to the patients over an extended period.
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PMID:A study of acute side-effects related to palliative radiotherapy treatment of lung cancer. 753 38

A total of 458 eligible patients, from 21 centres, with histologically or cytologically confirmed SCLC were allocated at random to three chemotherapy regimens, each given at 3-week intervals. In two regimens, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine were given for a total of either three courses (ECMV3) or six courses (ECMV6). In the third regimen, etoposide and ifosfamide were given for six courses (EI6). Patients with limited disease (56% of the total) also received radiotherapy to the primary site after the third course of chemotherapy in all three groups. A partial response occurred in 45% of 144 ECMV3 patients, 48% of 141 ECMV6, and 53% of 141 EI6 patients assessed, and a complete response in a further 15%, 9%, and 13% respectively, giving total response rates of 60%, 57%, and 67%, respectively. There was no overall survival advantage to any of the three regimens. At 1 year, 24%, 29%, and 30% of patients were alive, and at 2 years 7%, 8%, and 9%, respectively. The median survival time was 7.4 months in the ECMV3 group, 8.6 months in the ECMV6 group and 8.8 months in the EI6 group. The individual factors: poor performance status, extensive disease, the presence of dysphagia and a raised white blood cell count on admission adversely affected prognosis. The results do not exclude the possibility of a minor survival advantage with the two 6-course regimens. The findings on quality of life are presented in the companion paper (MRC Lung Cancer Working Party, 1993b).
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PMID:A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). I: Survival and prognostic factors. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 826 Mar 67

The 5-year survival rate for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo complete surgical resection is only 40-69%, depending on the stage. It is well known that distant metastatic disease is the dominant site of recurrence in such patients and this observation served as the basis for trials of postoperative systemic therapy. The earliest trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, which consisted of single alkylating agents, did not achieve this goal or, even worse, showed a detrimental effect on survival. The introduction of more active drugs, such as cisplatin and vinca alkaloids, made it possible to obtain more promising results in terms of delayed recurrence of the disease. A recent meta-analysis of all randomized trials with accrual from January 1965 to December 1991 showed that the absolute risk of death was reduced by 3% at 2 years and by 5% at 5 years for patients who were treated with postoperative cisplatin-containing regimens compared with patients who were treated with surgery alone. Although the results of this meta-analysis suggest that postoperative cisplatin chemotherapy regimens may result in a slight survival improvement, adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC cannot be considered a standard therapy, and it is important that large, carefully conducted, randomized trials are performed in this group of patients. Four such randomized trials are being conducted in Europe. One of them, the ALPI trial, recently completed its accrual with 1200 patients. The IALT, ANITA, and MRC trials are still ongoing. The results of such trials are eagerly awaited and it is hoped that, once the value of postoperative chemotherapy is well ascertained, future developments can further improve results of combined treatment. In such direction, the recently reported results of PORT meta-analysis evaluating the role of radiation therapy are of great contribution in selecting a suitable population for future studies. In fact, only patients with pN2 disease seem to have a beneficial effect in terms of survival, especially if they have a good performance status, while radiotherapy is not justified in N0-1 patients. The optimal integration of chemotherapy and radiation therapy when both therapies are indicated represents another goal for future research.
Lung Cancer 2002 Dec
PMID:Consensus conference on medical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: adjuvant treatment. 1246 43

Endostatin has been considered a highly specific inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and/or migration. To explore the use of endostatin in antiangiogenic gene therapy, we generated a recombinant adenovirus, AdEndo, carrying the gene for mouse endostatin. Injection of 10(9) PFU of AdEndo resulted in a low but significant suppression (25%) of preestablished tumor growth in murine models involving murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 tumors. Greater anticancer activity was observed when the same dose of AdEndo was injected into two other preestablished murine models involving C51 murine colon cancer and HT29 human colon cancer (55 and 47% tumor growth reduction, respectively). In vitro, endostatin derived from AdEndo-infected MRC-5 fibroblasts inhibited the growth of C51 and HT29 cell lines (72 and 61%, respectively). The extent of this inhibition was comparable to that observed in endothelial cells: 75% for microcapillary endothelial cell line HMEC-1, 52% for human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, 46% for human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and 67% for calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Both endothelial and colon cancer cells showed a clear increase in cell apoptosis (4- to 5-fold for endothelial cells and 5- to 10-fold for colon cancer cells) and an accumulation in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. This antiproliferative activity was not observed in other tumor cell lines: LLC, MDA-MB-231, murine colon adenocarcinoma MC38, human prostate cancer cell line DU145, and human breast cancer cell line CAL51. Taken together, these results provide evidence that, in addition to its antiangiogenic activity, endostatin exerts a direct anticancer action that appears to be restricted to some tumor cell lines. Thus, endostatin could be used in some colon cancer treatments and its clinical efficacy would depend on the response of tumor cells themselves.
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PMID:Endostatin exhibits a direct antitumor effect in addition to its antiangiogenic activity in colon cancer cells. 1286 17

Antrodia camphorata (niu-chang-chih) is a fungus native to Taiwan that is believed to be effective in preventing diseases. This study demonstrates that 0.2-2% v/v ethanol extracts of A. camphorata cultivated by solid-state fermentation (SACE) can effectively impede the proliferation of human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells but not primary human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5. The results of apoptotic analyses implicate that SACE might trigger the apoptosis in the A549 cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Two-dimensional gel maps of non-treated and treated A549 cells were compared using PDQUEST analytical software to discover five statistically significant twofold or above-twofold differentially-expressed protein spots. The five protein spots that were significantly de-regulated were chosen for subsequent identification by high performance liquid chromatography electro-spray tandem mass spectrometry. The five proteins were later identified as human galectin-1, human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, human Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha, human calcium-dependent protease small subunit and human annexin V. All five proteins were confirmed to be down-regulated by Western blotting. The analytical results of this study help to provide insight into the effect of SACE on the gene expression of the tumor cells.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of the effect of Antrodia camphorata extract on human lung cancer A549 cell. 1641 Dec 66

The methanol extract from the stems and fruits of Swinglea glutinosa (Rutaceae) afforded 11 known acridone alkaloids and three N-phenylethyl-benzamide derivatives, glycocitrine-IV, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methyl-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)acridin-9(10H)-one, 1,3,5- trihydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-methyl-9-acridone, citbrasine, citrusinine-II, citrusinine-I, 5-dihydroxyacronycine, pyranofoline, 3,4-dihydro-3,5,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-2,2,7-trimethyl-2H-pyrano[2,3-a]acridin-12(7H)-one, 2,3-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-propan-2-yl)-11-methoxy-10-methylfuro[3,2-b]acridin-5(10H)-one, bis-5-hydroxyacronycine, N-(2-{4-[(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}ethyl)benzamide, N-(2-{4-[(3,7-dimethyl-4-acethyl-octa-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}ethyl)benzamide, and severine acetate. All compounds isolated were examined for their activity against three cancer cell lines: human lung carcinoma (COR-L23), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human melanoma (C32), and normal human fetal lung cell line, MRC-5. The acridones tested exhibited weak cytotoxicity but the amides showed moderate nonselective cytotoxic activity.
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PMID:In vitro cytotoxicity activity on several cancer cell lines of acridone alkaloids and N-phenylethyl-benzamide derivatives from Swinglea glutinosa (Bl.) Merr. 1736 89


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