Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, and inositol, selectively reduced the acute lethal toxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl alpha-D-glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea (MCNU) without reducing its antitumor activity. Fifty mg MCNU/kg killed all CD2F1 mice within about 10 days, while the administration of 3,000 mg sugar alcohols/kg immediately prior to MCNU protected mice from the lethal toxicity and all survived. The amelioration of MCNU toxicity by sugar alcohols was dose-dependent. Pretreatment with mannitol 1 day before MCNU administration was effective. In addition, a series of five daily treatments with lower doses of mannitol was also effective. This protection was accompanied by the reduction of both body weight loss and myelosuppression. The antitumor effects of MCNU on P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma were not significantly altered by mannitol treatment. These phenomena were not limited to MCNU, the lethal toxicity of GANU, ACNU, Me-CCNU, and mitomycin C also being reduced by mannitol treatment.
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PMID:Reduction of lethal toxicity of chloroethylnitrosoureas by sugar alcohols without loss of antitumor activity. 680 55

A cDNA was isolated from the fetal brain cDNA library by high throughput cDNA sequencing. The 2390 bp cDNA with an open reading fragment (ORF) of 816 bp encodes a 272 amino acids putative protein with a thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) domain and a cysteine-rich region at the N-terminus, so it is named hPWTSR. We used Northern blot detected two bands with length of about 3 kb and 4 kb respectively, which expressed in human adult tissues with different intensities. The expression pattern was verified by RT-PCR, revealing that the transcripts were expressed ubiquitously in fetal tissues and human tumor tissues too. However, the transcript was detected neither in ovarian carcinoma GI-102 nor in lung carcinoma LX-1. Blast analysis against NCBI database revealed that the new gene contained at least 5 exons and located in human chromosome 6q22.33. Our results demonstrate that the gene is a novel member of TSR supergene family.
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PMID:Cloning and identification of a cDNA that encodes a novel human protein with thrombospondin type I repeat domain, hPWTSR. 1246 21

Coke ovens are well-known sources of potentially carcinogenic air pollutants, but studies on resident populations are still poor. This study investigates the incidence of lung cancer near a coke oven in Cornigliano, a district of the Genoa municipality in Northern Italy. Genoa proper and one district similar to Cornigliano as regards socio-economic deprivation were selected as referents. Incidence data were drawn from the Ligurian Cancer Registry for 1986-1997 calendar period. Concentrations of pollutants related to the industrial activity (namely benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, PM(10), CO, NO(2) and SO(2)) were collected in selected locations before and after the coke oven closing. Spatial trend around the plant was assessed by Stone's test, while the pattern of risk across Cornigliano was evaluated via disease mapping in a Bayesian model. A gradient of air pollutants was observed around the coke oven, which disappeared after its closing. In Cornigliano, 158 lung cancer cases were observed in males and 28 in females. Only a marginal excess risk was observed versus the two selected referents, while a gradient in the areas close to the plant emerged among females. Disease mapping revealed another cluster of risk for both sexes in the Eastern part of the district, where a foundry was operative until the early 1980s. The excess risk for females is consistent with pollution measurements and with other epidemiological evidence. The geographic pattern of incidence suggests a role of industrial air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2005 Feb
PMID:Lung cancer in an urban area in Northern Italy near a coke oven plant. 1563 14

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with 900,000 new cases each year in men and 330,000 in women, being also the major cause of death from cancer. In Greece about 4,000 persons die every year due to lung carcinoma. One of the major problems in the follow up of these patients is the difficulty of early detection of recurrent disease. Tumor markers are of particular interest in this respect. Cytokeratines, especially fragment 19, are specified epithelial tissue-proteins that show increased levels in patients with carcinomas. CYFRA 21-1 assays determine the serum cytokeratin 19 fragment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the importance of serum CYFRA 21-1 studied by immunoradiometric assay in patients with various types of lung cancer after surgery or chemotherapy. Ninety-six consecutive patients were studied during a two years period. Forty-five of them had small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 51 had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Moreover, 52 healthy individuals were studied to estimate the cut off value of CYFRA 21-1. Increased serum levels of the marker were found in patients with lung cancer compared to controls (P<0.001). The cut off value was estimated as 3.3 ng/ml with 96% specificity. Before the treatment there was no difference in the sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 for patients with SCLC (21/45 patients had increased CYFRA 21-1 levels, 47%) and for patients with NSCLC (27/51 had increased levels, 52%). Also, before treatment there was a higher sensitivity in NSCLC than in SCLC and especially in SCC among other histotypes of NSCLC when different stages of the disease were compared. Patients with extended disease, metastatic or recurrent disease had also more increased levels of the marker (P<0.001). One month after surgical ablation of the primary lung lesion, 28/58 patients showed a drop in the levels of the marker as an indication of the tumor ablation. From the 58 operated patients 35 relapsed and 31/35 showed an increase in CYFRA-21-1 levels with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 95%. From the 38 patients that underwent chemotherapy treatment, 24 had a depravation of the disease and 21/24 had a great increase of serum CYFRA 21-1 with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 94%. In conclusion, CYFRA 21-1 is a useful tumor marker before and after surgical treatment in lung cancer.
Hell J Nucl Med
PMID:[The importance of the tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 in patients with lung cancer after surgery or chemotherapy]. 1745 Feb 57

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglycose -position emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) as an efficient staging tool for lung carcinoma; allows description and characterization of the primary tumor and of local and distant metastases in a single examination. One of the important limiting factors in quantification of metabolic parameters with PET is the partial volume effect. Our aim for this study was to delineate tumor (size) both in the primary and metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer by using partial volume correction techniques. Thirty two patients with proven lung cancer who had (18)F-FDG-PET and computerized tomography (CT) within the last 80 days were involved in this study. They were 18 women and 14 men, with age range 43-83 years. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in primary and metastatic lesions for all patients were measured. The lesions were categorized into 4 different Groups according to their site. Partial volume corrections were applied using the CT sizes of lesions to obtain corrected SUVmax values. Average corrected SUVmax in each lesion site was calculated and compared between the 4 Groups. A total of 81 primary and metastatic lesions were included in this analysis. They were 28 mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, 26 lung lesions, 11 solid organ lesions, and 16 bone marrow lesions. The average uncorrected SUVmax for the primary lung lesions, mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, solid organ lesions, and the bone marrow lesions before application of partial volume correction formula were 7.2+/-3.2; 7.0+/-2.7; 6.3+/-3.4 and 7.0+/-3.4, respectively. The average corrected SUVmax for the lesions in the above mentioned regions were 11+/-6, 10+/-4, 13+/-7, and 18+/-13, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the average SUVmax values between lung lesions and nodal lesions compared to the bone marrow lesions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that metabolic activities of lung cancer lesions vary depending on the sites of metastatic disease.
Hell J Nucl Med
PMID:Tumor metabolism measured by partial volume corrected standardized uptake value varies considerably in primary and metastatic sites in patients with lung cancer. A new observation. 1993 31

Somatostatin is a neuropeptide that confers a wide range of pharmacological properties. Indium-111-tagged pentetreotide ((111)In-P) is a radiolabeled analogue of somatostatin indicated for the in vivo scintigraphic localization of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). In cases of NET of the gastro-intestinal tract we describe the sensitivity compared to conventional anatomical imaging modalities and especially the possibility that (111)In-P may change therapeutic management into up one fourth of the patients. In cases of small cell lung carcinoma it has been used for the evaluation of somatostatin receptor status and a substantial tool for differentiation between limited and extensive disease, especially when combined with anatomical imaging methods. We also describe the radiolabeled with yttrium-90 or lutetium-177 somatostatin analogue peptides in the treatment of NET and also the use of (111)In-P for the selection of patients for targeted treatment.
Hell J Nucl Med
PMID:Somatostatin receptor imaging with (111)In-pentetreotide in gastro-intestinal tract and lung neuroendocrine tumors-Impact on targeted treatment. 2080 90

We report the incidental diagnosis of acute asymptomatic appendicitis on a fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) performed for staging of a non small cell lung carcinoma. The patient was asymptomatic and laboratory tests were normal. The case illustrates: a) the possibility to diagnose appendicitis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT and b) the possibility of silent acute appendicitis, although this is a rare occurrence.
Hell J Nucl Med
PMID:Incidental finding of silent appendicitis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with small cell lung adenocarcinoma. 2733 Dec 12