Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung treated by chemoradiotherapy developed, diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after 7 and 21 months of treatment while in complete remission of their malignant disease. One patient died after an acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the second improved after steroid therapy and discontinuation of cytotoxic therapy. Pulmonary toxicity appeared to be related to cyclophosphamide therapy, but radiation therapy could have potentiated cyclophosphamide toxicity as it has been shown in bleomycin lung disease.
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PMID:[Drug induced pulmonary disease. Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis during chemoradiotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. Two cases (author's transl)]. 628 5

After left lower lobe lobectomy for lung carcinoma, a patient had acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia and pulmonary embolism requiring a ventilator. Tc-99m HMDP bone scan showed diffuse, intense hepatic uptake. Concurrent liver enzymes indicated hepatic necrosis. Two weeks later the patient died and a limited chest autopsy confirmed acute adult onset respiratory distress syndrome. Etiologic factors of massive hepatic necrosis in relation to hepatic localization of bone imaging agent and its prognostic outcome are discussed.
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PMID:Diffuse and intense Tc-99m HMDP localization in the liver due to hypoxia secondary to respiratory failure. 818 95

An esophagobronchial fistula developed in a patient who had well-differentiated squamous carcinoma of the lung that was treated with chemotherapy. Because the esophagobronchial fistula could not be surgically repaired, it was isolated with a mechanical stitch above and below it. Forty-eight hours after initiation of enteral nutrition, a perfusion lung scan was performed because of clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Because the scan showed reduced pulmonary radioactivity and accumulation of activity in the kidneys and spine, an arteriovenous shunt was suspected. However, subsequent digital subtraction angiography ruled out this possibility and a recurrence of the esophagobronchial fistula was confirmed with an esophagogram. The unusual extrapulmonary activity could be related to a reversible capillary shunt in the pulmonary vasculature, secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:Respiratory distress syndrome. A suggestive pattern of shunt effect detected by means of macroparticles. 842 14

The purpose of this study was to assess the phenotypic and functional characteristics of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pulmonary MVEC were isolated from the lungs of five patients who developed ARDS, and from four patients who had undergone a lobectomy for lung carcinoma, as controls. Adhesion molecules and other surface molecules were quantitated on these cells by flow cytometry and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in the supernatants by ELISA. The constitutive expression of intercellular adhesion molecule and, to a lesser extent, vascular adhesion molecule-1, was significantly increased on MVEC isolated from all ARDS patients, as compared with control MVEC. CD14 and TNF receptor p75 were also increased on the surface of MVEC isolated from most patients with ARDS. The expression of ELAM-1 and TNF receptor p55 (TNF-R1) was not significant on the surface of either ARDS-derived or control pulmonary MVEC. The constitutive ability of ARDS-derived MVEC to secrete IL-6 and IL-8 was markedly enhanced as compared with control MVEC. Upon in vitro restimulation by TNF, pulmonary MVEC from ARDS patients showed lower ICAM-1 upregulation, but similar IL-6 and IL-8 production capacity, when compared with control MVEC. Selective differences were found in cell adhesion molecules and TNF receptor p75 expression on pulmonary MVEC isolated from patients with ARDS. These pulmonary MVEC spontaneously overexpress some adhesion molecules and produce greater amounts of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6. These findings suggest that ICAM-1 and TNF receptor p75 may have a particular involvement in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, and that the endothelium may be an important source of cytokines detected in broncho-alveolar lavage during this syndrome. It is tempting to hypothesize that the differences observed result from either a genetic predisposition to ARDS based on MVEC phenotype or to a long-lived MVEC phenotypic change induced by ARDS. By allowing the monitoring of phenotypic and functional parameters, cultures of pulmonary MVEC isolated from ARDS patients may thus represent a useful system to analyze further the mechanisms of acute lung injury and to evaluate the efficacy of drugs, including inhibitors of cytokines and of adhesion molecules.
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PMID:Phenotypic and functional analysis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. 860 86

Endobronchial forceps biopsy (FB) specimens of lung carcinoma are not uncommonly interpreted as nondiagnostic owing to extensive crush artefact, necrosis, or insufficient tissue. FB cannot be performed in some endobronchial lung cancers (EBLCs) with massive bleeding tendency due to fragility and friability. Cytological studies from the brushings and washings may also be unproductive, increasing the bronchoscopist's frustration. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield and complications of endobronchial needle aspiration (EBNA) with those of FB and brush biopsy (BB) in EBLCs examined by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. A prospective sequential study was carried out on 151 in-patients with EBLC. Bronchial aspiration (BA), EBNA and BB were performed in the patients with respiratory distress and with accompanying tumours of high bleeding tendency, completely obstructing main bronchi (Group 1: 68 patients). BA, EBNA and FB were performed in those with either central or peripheral EBLCs but without respiratory distress and/or significant bleeding tendency (Group 2: 83 patients). In Group 1, the diagnostic yield of EBNA was found to be 90%, whereas that of BB was 66% (p < 0.05). In the same group, EBNA provided cell types in 95%, compared with 88% by BB (p > 0.05). EBNA was diagnostic in 92% of Group 2 patients, while FB established diagnosis in 78% of patients (p > 0.05). In determining cell type, no significant difference was found between EBNA (95%) and FB (97%) (p > 0.05). Regarding complications (only bleeding), there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between EBNA (7%) and BB (13%), or between EBNA (4%) and FB (17%). We conclude that in endobronchial lung cancers: 1) the diagnostic yield of endobronchial needle aspiration is higher than brush biopsy; 2) endobronchial needle aspiration increases the yield of brush biopsy when forceps biopsy cannot be performed owing to significant bleeding; 3) endobronchial needle aspiration increases the diagnostic yield when a forceps biopsy specimen is inadequate because of crush artefact, necrosis, or tissue resistance; and 4) endobronchial needle aspiration is as safe as brush biopsy and forceps biopsy.
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PMID:Comparison of endobronchial needle aspiration with forceps and brush biopsies in the diagnosis of endobronchial lung cancer. 915 14

Anaphylaxis is one of the most catastrophic, although infrequent, potential side effects of chemotherapy. We report the case of a patient who developed respiratory distress and who could not be resuscitated after his sixth cycle of cisplatin and paclitaxel for squamous carcinoma of the lung and false vocal cord. Autopsy confirmed anaphylaxis as the cause of death. The major hypersensitivity profiles of these two agents, as described in case reports and in the medical literature, were reviewed to determine which of the two therapies was the underlying cause of the patient's reaction. Anaphylaxis has been reported with both cisplatin and paclitaxel. Cisplatin is argued to be the most likely etiology for anaphylaxis in this case.
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PMID:Case report of anaphylaxis from cisplatin/paclitaxel and a review of their hypersensitivity reaction profiles. 925 92

Microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC), which differ from large vessel endothelial cells, have been isolated successfully from lungs of various species, including man. However, contamination by nonendothelial cells remains a major problem in spite of several technical improvements. In view of the organ specificity of MVEC, endothelial cells should be derived from the tissue involved in the diseases one wishes to study. Therefore, to investigate some of the immunopathological mechanisms leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we have attempted to isolate lung MVEC from patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung carcinoma and patients dying of ARDS. The method described here includes four main steps: (1) full digestion of pulmonary tissue with trypsin and collagenase, (2) aggregation of MVEC induced by human plasma, (3) Percoll density centrifugation, and (4) selection and transfer of MVEC after local digestion with trypsin/EDTA under light microscopy. Normal and ARDS-derived lung MVEC purified by this technique presented contact inhibition (i.e., grew in monolayer), and expressed classical endothelial markers, including von Willebrand factor (vWF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM-1, CD31), and transcripts for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The cells also formed capillarylike structures, took up high levels of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), and exhibited ELAM-1 inducibility in response to TNF. Contaminant cells, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, or pericytes, were easily recognized on the basis of morphology and were eliminated by selection of plasma-aggregated cells under light microscopy. The technique presented here allows one to study the specific involvement and contribution of pulmonary endothelium in various lung diseases.
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PMID:An improved method for isolation of microvascular endothelial cells from normal and inflamed human lung. 971 12

Gemcitabine, a deoxycytidine analog, is used to treat solid tumors, like non-small-cell lung carcinoma. The most commonly reported adverse effects are reversible and generally not fatal. However, among the five cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to gemcitabine treatment reported since 1997, four were fatal despite corticosteroid therapy. We describe here a patient who received gemcitabine for bronchial epidermoid carcinoma and developed ARDS which spontaneously regressed after gemcitabine withdrawal.
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PMID:Favorable outcome of gemcitabine-induced respiratory distress syndrome. 1092 60

The Lewis lung carcinoma has been widely used for many important studies. However, the subcutaneous transplant or orthotopic cell-suspension injection models have not allowed the expression of its full metastatic potential. A powerful new highly metastatic model of the widely-used Lewis lung carcinoma is reported here using surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of tumor fragments and enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transduction of the tumor cells. To achieve this goal, we first developed in vitro a stable high-expression GFP transductant of the Lewis lung carcinoma with the pLEIN retroviral expression vector containing the enhanced Aequorea victoria GFP gene. Stable high-level expression of GFP was found maintained in vivo in subcutaneously-growing Lewis lung tumors. The in vivo GFP-expressing tumors were harvested and implanted as tissue fragments by SOI in the right lung of additional nude mice. This model resulted in rapid orthotopic growth and extensive metastasis visualized by GFP-expression. 100% of the animals had metastases on the ipsilateral diaphragmatic surface, contralateral diaphragmatic surface, contralateral lung parenchima, and in mediastinal lymph nodes. Heart metastases were visualized in 40%, and brain metastases were visualized in 30% of the SOI animals. Mice developed signs of respiratory distress between 10-15 days post-tumor implantation and were sacrificed. The use of GFP-transduced Lewis lung carcinoma transplanted by SOI reveals for the first time the high malignancy of this tumor and provides an important useful model for metastasis, angiogenesis and therapeutic studies.
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PMID:A highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma orthotopic green fluorescent protein model. 1120 39

Interstitial lung disease is a rare but serious complication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Although our understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete, recently there have been significant insights made into the mechanisms of injury, incidence, risk factors, and its clinical manifestations. Japanese patients appear to be at a higher risk (1.6%-3.5%) than patients in the rest of the world (0.3%), and other risk factors, such as coincident interstitial lung disease, concurrent chemotherapy, previous radiation, preexisting pulmonary fibrosis, and male sex, have been identified. In the majority of cases, the histopathology, the acute and often dramatic clinical presentation, and the radiographic findings resemble acute respiratory distress syndrome. Aside from immediate cessation of the offending agent, the treatment is largely supportive, although corticosteroids appear to be of benefit. The mortality remains high at approximately 30%-50%. We present a review of the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome of this disorder.
Clin Lung Cancer 2006 Dec
PMID:Interstitial lung disease associated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. 1723 88


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