Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although we have made steady improvements in the survival rates of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer, the majority of patients still experience distress and suffering. Although the symptom burden is greatest in patients in the end stages of life, many patients living with lung cancer suffer from troubling symptoms and side effects of therapy. Even long-term survivors with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often experience respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnea and cough. Because of the high prevalence of NSCLC and the frequency with which it presents in an incurable stage, symptom management is a large component of the care of these patients. Dyspnea, cough, fatigue, anorexia/cachexia, and pain are the most common symptoms in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC. Cancer-directed therapy can improve some of these symptoms but often incompletely and temporarily. Therefore, comprehensive care of patients with advanced-stage NSCLC must include therapies targeted at these difficult and distressing symptoms.
Clin Lung Cancer 2006 Jan
PMID:Comprehensive symptom management in patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. 1651 77

Symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis in patients with lung cancer can be the consequence of local bronchopulmonary disease, tumor growth that leads to compression of surrounding structures, distant metastases, diverse systemic effects (anorexia, asthenia, weight loss), or paraneoplastic syndromes associated with tumor production of certain hormones. Approximately 10% of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis. We report the case of a 77-year-old man with dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and lower limb edema. The patient died within a few days. The cause of the clinical picture was constrictive pericarditis secondary to metastases from lung carcinoma.
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PMID:[Constrictive pericarditis as the first sign of lung cancer]. 1712 98

We present our experience with skeletal involvement of Pneumocystis jiroveci (ex P. carinii) infection in an HIV-seropositive patient. The objective of this study was to alert clinicians to the possibility that extrapulmonary P. jiroveci could affect the skeletal system in HIV-infected patients with extremely rapid progression. P. jiroveci infection of skeletal system has been rarely described elsewhere. A 51-year-old man complained of fever for six weeks, cough, anorexia, fatigue, and chest pain. He was found to be HIV seropositive. Repetitive (six samples) sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbiologic tests were negative. High-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a small pulmonary mass. Abdominal CT scan revealed lesions in liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, lumbar vertebrae, and sacrum. Brain and skull CT scan was normal. A fine-needle biopsy of the lung mass was unrevealing. Cytological examination of sputum specimens showed findings consistent with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Nineteen weeks post-presentation, the patient reported low-back pain. Within 24 hours after the onset of low-back pain, he developed focal neurological deficits, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull and spine showed osteolytic lesions of the temporal bones bilaterally, multiple vertebral lesions, and lesions of sacrum and iliac bones. Radiotherapy of the lumbar spine and pelvis was given. Sternal aspiration was performed. Cytological examination revealed P. jiroveci. In conclusion, we describe a rare case of disseminated P. jiroveci infection in an HIV-seropositive patient, with multiple skeletal lesions, especially in the skull and in vertebrae region, and concomitant non-small-cell lung cancer, with a very poor prognosis.
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PMID:Multi-skeletal Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) in an HIV-seropositive patient. 1733 Dec 92

Docetaxel and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy has been reported to be active against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and myelosuppression is the most common dose-limiting toxicity. This prospective phase II study was designed to test the hypothesis that better tolerance and increased dose intensity might be achieved if patients are treated with weekly administration schedule. Thirty-five patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and a performance status 0-2 received first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel 35mg/m2 and gemcitabine 600mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15. Treatment was repeated every 4 weeks, for up to 4 cycles. In total, 85 chemotherapy cycles were given (median, 2; range, 1-4). Other than the completion of all 4 planned cycles (n=6), the main reasons for treatment discontinuation were toxicity (n=15) and progressive disease (n=14). The most frequently encountered toxic effects were anemia (52% of patients), nausea and vomiting (60%), fatigue (71%) and anorexia (57%). One patient died of bilateral pneumonitis, which developed shortly after the administration of second cycle. Disease control (objective response and stable disease) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population was achieved in 60% of patients and the overall response rate was 29% (95% CI, 14-44%). With a median follow-up duration of 13 months, the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.8) months and 10.6 (95% CI, 7.0-14.3) months, respectively. In conclusion, weekly schedule of docetaxel and gemcitabine has modest activity with acceptable toxicity profile in advanced NSCLC, but as high frequency of early discontinuation occurred does not merit further study with the present regimen.
Lung Cancer 2008 Oct
PMID:Phase II trial of weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine for previously untreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 1834 82

The intrathoracic growth of the tumor causes several severe symptoms as cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, hoarseness, anorexia/nausea, and dysphagia. In patients with manifest or threatening symptoms radiotherapy (RT) as an effective measure should be implemented into the management concept. Palliative RT radiotherapy prefers short hypofractionated schemas (e.g. 10 x 3 Gy, 4 x 5 Gy, 2 x 8 Gy, 1 x 10 Gy). Careful radiation planning supports the precision of palliative RT and reduces significantly the complication rate. A good response and prolonged palliation effects (6-12 months) can be achieved in many cases. However, the minimum biologically equivalent dose should not be less than 35 Gy. RT produces a good outcome in all types of metastases of lung carcinoma. In emergencies like VCSS or spinal cord compression RT should be initiated immediately. The selection of the optimal therapy for locally advanced lung carcinoma with malignant airway obstruction is difficult. Both brachytherapy and percutaneous irradiation are effective, however published results including local a sum of response, functionality and life quality demonstrates more benefit by percutaneous RT. Due to different physical properties of these two methods the combination of brachytherapy and external beam irradiation may be advantageous.
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PMID:Radiotherapy. 1995 3

We report a case of the coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer maked a wrong diagnosis of lung cancer and metastatic lung carcinoma. The patient was a 80-years-old woman who had ascites and anorexia and decreased weight. Chest CT film showed a mass shadow in the right S, and infiltrative shadows on bilateral lung fields. FDG-PET revealed the tumor in the right lower lung field and many infiltrative shadows in all lung fields, and showed that FDG accumulated diffusely along the peritoneum. We made a diagnosis of lung cancer and metastatic lung carcinoma. However we obtained a diagnosis of coexisting of pulmonary tuberclosis and lung cancer autopsy. When the patient has a shadow suggestive of lung tumor shadow with many infiltrative shadows, we tend to make a diagnosis of lung cancer and metastatic lung carcinoma. We saw the importance of a postmortem examination in a new light.
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PMID:[A case of miliary tuberculosis difficult to distinguish from metastatic lung cancer]. 1999 2

We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel in patients with resistant or relapsed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with docetaxel and carboplatin. Thirty-two NSCLC patients at a median age of 58.0 years (range 33-75) were enrolled. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores (0/1/2) were 18/9/5, respectively. The majority of patients had adenocarcinoma (84%) and stage IV disease (81%). The response rate for the first-line chemotherapy was 28%. Paclitaxel was administered at a dose of 80 mg/m(2) as an intravenous infusion 60 min weekly for 6 consecutive weeks of an 8-week cycle. All patients were assessable for response and toxicity. The median number of cycles administered was two (range 1-8), and the overall response rate was 15.6%. The median survival time (MST) was 10.6 months (95% CI=8.2-12.5), while the 1-year survival rate was 37.5%, and the median progression-free survival was 4.9 months (95% CI=3.0-7.1). Hematological toxicities (grade 3 or 4) were observed in 15 patients (46.9%) with leukopenia, and in 4 (12.5%) with anemia. Non-hematological toxicity was generally mild, though grade 3 anorexia was observed in 3 patients (9.3%). No treatment-related deaths were observed. In conclusion, second-line weekly paclitaxel is effective in NSCLC patients treated with docetaxel plus carboplatin and is associated with a tolerable toxicity profile.
Lung Cancer 2010 Sep
PMID:Second-line weekly paclitaxel in resistant or relapsed non-small cell lung cancer treated with docetaxel and carboplatin: a multi-center phase II study. 2005 76

A 59-year-old man who was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), achieved a complete response to the induction chemoradiotherapy and received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (25 Gy at 250 cGy per fraction) in October 2008. Three months later, he complained of anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, and short-term memory loss and developed dementia and systemic muscle weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging in April and July 2009 revealed the progression of the diffuse brain atrophy without evidence of the metastasis of SCLC. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome was suspected because anti-Hu antibody was detected in his serum and cerebrospinal fluid, but the adverse effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were also suspected as the cause of his neurological disorder.
Lung Cancer 2011 Mar
PMID:Acute onset of brain atrophy and dementia in a patient with small cell lung cancer: a case report. 2121 22

BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle protein, depletion of lipid stores, anorexia, weakness, and perturbations of the hormonal homeostasis. Despite several therapeutic approaches described in the past, effective interventions countering cancer cachexia are still lacking. METHODS: The present work was aimed to verify the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to prevent the muscle depletion in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice and to test the ability of endurance exercise training to increase the EPA effect. RESULTS: EPA alone did not prevent the muscle loss induced by tumor growth while the combination with exercise induced a partial rescue of muscle strength and mass. Moreover, the association of EPA and exercise reduced the dramatic PAX-7 accumulation and stimulated the increase of PCG-1 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the present data suggest that exercise is an effective tool that should be added for combined therapeutic approaches against cancer cachexia. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13539-011-0028-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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PMID:Combined approach to counteract experimental cancer cachexia: eicosapentaenoic acid and training exercise. 2176 55

Loss of appetite and weight predict poor outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Effective and affordable palliative strategies are lacking; but because an emerging non-cancer literature suggests that alcohol can increase appetite and weight, this study explored associations between alcohol and clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. Among 404 consecutive lung cancer patients enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer Cohort between 2004 and 2008, alcohol consumption (within 6 mo of diagnosis) was as follows: 199 (49%) used none, 158 (14%) were moderate users (7 drinks per wk or less), and 47 (12%) were heavier consumers (more than 7 drinks per wk). Only heavier consumers had a lower likelihood of anorexia (odds ratio: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.94; P = 0.03) and weight loss (odds ratio: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.91; P = 0.03) compared to those who consumed no alcohol. These conclusions were sustained in multivariate analyses. Neither moderate nor heavier consumption was associated with better or worse survival, although, in univariate analyses, a drop in alcohol consumption was associated with worse survival. This report suggests a need for further study of alcohol as a palliative agent for cancer-associated loss of appetite and weight.
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PMID:The purported effects of alcohol on appetite and weight in lung cancer patients. 2199 12


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