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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of TGF-alpha in human colon and lung carcinoma cell lines has been reported previously, but its expression in primary tumours has not been described in detail. We have used the radio-immunoassay method to measure the specific content of immunoreactive TGF-alpha in the acid ethanol extracts of normal and cancerous tissues of human colon and lung. The average TGF-alpha content of colon carcinomas is 4 times that of the normal mucosa, and for non-small cell lung carcinomas it is twice that of the normal parenchyma. Because of variability in the TGF-alpha expression among individuals and in different segments of colon and lobes of lung, the ratio of TGF-alpha content of paired tumour and normal tissue was also calculated. On average, the tumour/normal ratio for colon carcinoma is higher than that for lung carcinoma. Although 55% of colon tumours show a ratio 4 times, or greater, only 33% of lung carcinomas demonstrate this ratio. The level of TGF-alpha in both colon and lung carcinomas does not correlate with histological type stage, grade nor degree of desmoplasia of these tumours. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA confirms the expression of an approximately 4.8 kb TGF-alpha mRNA in normal colonic mucosa and lung parenchyma. However, in contrast to the results of radio-immunoassay, significant over-expression of TGF-alpha mRNA is uncommon in primary human colon carcinomas.
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PMID:Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in primary human colon and lung carcinomas. 169 44

FCE 24157 (chemically (beta-[1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-4--[1-methyl-4-(4-N,N- bis(2-chloroethyl) amino-benzene-1-carboxy-amido) pyrrole-2-carboxiamido]pyrrole-2-carboxyamido)pyrrole-2-c arboxyamido]) propionamidine, hydrochloride) is a distamycin A (Dista A) derivative bearing a benzoyl mustard moiety instead of the formyl group at the N-terminal. Contrary to Dista A, FCE 24517 has been found to display potent cytotoxic activity on human and murine tumour cell lines. The compound maintains activity on melphalan (L-PAM)-resistant cells, whereas cross-resistance is observed on doxorubicin-(DX)-resistant cells. In vivo, FCE 24517 was found to possess evident antineoplastic activity on a series of murine transplanted solid tumours and human tumour xenografts. The following neoplasms were in fact found to be sensitive to FCE 24517 treatment: M14 human melanoma xenograft, N592 human small cell lung carcinoma, MTV murine mammary carcinoma, Colon 38 murine carcinoma, PO2 murine pancreatic carcinoma and M5076 murine reticulosarcoma. Lower effectiveness was observed against the murine P388 and Gross leukaemia, Lewis lung murine carcinoma, LoVo human colon carcinoma xenografts and A459 human lung adenocarcinoma. Against the murine L1210 leukaemia, FCE 24517 displayed a clear activity only when the tumour was transplanted i.p. and treatment was given i.p., whereas only marginal activity was seen against this leukaemia if transplanted i.v. and the drug was given i.v. As true also in vitro, FCE 24517 was effective against i.p. implanted L1210 leukaemia resistant to L-PAM. The mode(s) of action of this new compound is under active investigation.
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PMID:Biological profile of FCE 24517, a novel benzoyl mustard analogue of distamycin A. 176 67

Partially thiolated polycytidylic acid (5-mercaptopolycytidylic, MPC) and its double-stranded complex with polyinosinic acid [poly (I)].poly(I).MPC, were assayed in both antiproliferative and cytotoxicity tests against human cell lines: lung carcinoma A549, colon carcinoma HT-29, osteosarcoma HOS, and amnion cells (WISH). Inhibitory effects of MPC were noted in the antiproliferative assay with ID50 of 7, 24, 33, and 35 micrograms.ml-1, and in the cytotoxicity test with ID50 of 164, 174, 210, and 290 micrograms.ml-1 against the HOS, A549, HT-29, and WISH cells respectively. Comparison with the corresponding partially thiolated mononucleotide (5-mercapto-CMP + CMP) and the nucleoside (5-mercapto-cytidine) demonstrated that MPC was a more potent antiproliferative agent than either of its monomeric constituents. The inhibitory effect of MPC upon the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA of growing A549 cells paralleled its antiproliferative activity.
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PMID:Inhibition of human cancer cell lines in vitro with mono- and polynucleotides containing 5-mercaptocytosine bases. 177 73

Previously we found that the reconstituted basement membrane matrix Matrigel, when premixed with human small-cell lung carcinoma cells and injected subcutaneously into athymic mice, permitted tumor growth, whereas cells injected in the absence of Matrigel did not form tumors. In the present study, we examined additional cell types and determined some of the underlying mechanisms involved in the promotion of tumor formation by Matrigel. The tumor cell lines that we studied included transformed mouse Englebreth-Holm-Swarm tumor cells (T-EHS), human submandibular carcinoma A253 cells, mouse melanoma B16F10 cells, human epidermoid carcinoma KB cells, and human primary renal cell carcinoma cells. When coinjected subcutaneously with Matrigel, these cell lines formed rapidly proliferating tumors. Primary biopsy specimens of human colon carcinoma, when dispersed and coinjected with Matrigel, also formed tumors. Only A253, KB, and B16F10 cells formed small tumors in the absence of Martrigel, but a fivefold to tenfold increase in tumor size was observed in the presence of Matrigel. These data demonstrate a useful method for improving the growth of human tumors in athymic mice.
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PMID:Enhanced tumor growth of both primary and established human and murine tumor cells in athymic mice after coinjection with Matrigel. 192 May

Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) mRNAs were observed in malignant and nonmalignant colon tissues by Northern blot analysis. CEA mRNA was detected together with NCA mRNA in nine cultured cell lines, with the exception of the lung carcinoma A549 cell line, and in 19 colon tissue specimens, including carcinomas, adjacent noninvaded tissues and adenomas. When we compared the intensity of the hybridization signal for CEA or NCA mRNA among adenomas, carcinomas and adjacent noninvaded tissues, NCA mRNA rather than CEA mRNA was highly expressed in carcinomas compared to adjacent nonivaded tissues. When, however, the relation between the intensities of hybridization signals for CEA and NCA mRNAs were evaluated in five colon carcinoma cell lines and 19 colon tissue specimens, a statistically significant correlation was observed (gamma = 0.462, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that NCA may be more useful as a tumor marker for colon carcinoma than CEA at the level of mRNA, and that transcriptions of the CEA and NCA genes might be regulated by some common mechanisms in malignant and nonmalignant tissues of the colon.
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PMID:Correlated expression of mRNAs of carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen genes in malignant and nonmalignant tissues of the colon. 206 30

Human and mouse bone marrow cells were cultured for 1 h in the presence of either the antileukaemia drug amsacrine or its 4-methyl,5-[N-methyl]carboxamide disubstituted analogue CI-921, before being plated in methylcellulose medium to determine the survival of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM). The drug concentration required for 50% reduction in survival was approx. 0.4 microM for both drugs and was similar for both human and mouse cells. A comparison of the two drugs was then made, at an added drug concentration of 0.5 microM, using cultured mouse L1210 and P388 leukaemia, Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines LLAK and LLTC, human Jurkat leukaemia, human histiocytic lymphoma U937 and human colon carcinoma SW620. The sensitivity of the mouse lines for amsacrine was in the order L1210 greater than P388 greater than LLAK greater than LLTC, similar to the in vivo sensitivity. The selectivity of CI-921 for L1210 versus bone marrow, and for LLAK versus L1210 or P388, was greater than that of amsacrine, again in keeping with its in vivo properties. The sensitivity of the human Jurkat and U937 lines for amsacrine was intermediate between that of L1210 and P388, while SW620 was resistant. The selectivity of CI-921 for Jurkat and U937 versus bone marrow was greater than that of amsacrine, suggesting that CI-921 could have additional advantages over amsacrine in the treatment of some tumours.
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PMID:Comparison of the cytotoxicity of amsacrine and its analogue CI-921 against cultured human and mouse bone marrow tumour cells. 213 78

The proto-oncogene c-src codes for two tyrosine kinases, pp60c-src and pp60c-srcN. The latter protein appears to be exclusively expressed in neurons and neuronally differentiated tumors. In cell lines derived from neuroblastoma and small-cell lung carcinoma, src expression correlates positively with neuroendocrine differentiation. However, pp60c-srcN is expressed only in highly differentiated neuroblastomas. Although c-src expression in neuroendocrine tumors probably reflects and is the result of the differentiation stage at which the tumors have been arrested, high c-src expression and kinase activities in non-neuroectodermal tumors, e.g., colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, might instead be a part of the malignant phenotype and contribute to the development of these tumors.
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PMID:src expression in small-cell lung carcinoma and other neuroendocrine malignancies. 217 63

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was labelled with biotin via modification of either the amino or carboxyl groups, using suitable reagents, namely biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester or biotinamidocaproyl hydrazide. To assure that the specific binding capacity of EGF is retained despite its chemical modification, displacement of the EGF by biotinylated derivatives in a routine binding assay was performed. The inhibitory potency compared to unmodified EGF was only slightly reduced. This result is the prerequisite for testing the usefulness of biotinylated EGF in histochemistry. The biotinylated probes were applied to sections of human tumour tissue and of monkey organs (liver, kidney, uterus of Cynomolgus and Rhesus monkey) to localize the specific binding sites for EGF. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were deparaffinized and incubated with the probes at a concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 at room temperature for 60 min. Specific binding of the EGF was visualized by the avidin-biotin techniques (ABC). A positive reaction in conjunction with appropriate controls by competitive inhibition was seen for all monkey tissue sections and for the following number of cancer cases: breast carcinoma: 7/10; mesothelioma: 2/4; lung carcinoma: 1/3; colon carcinoma: 1/3. The staining properties were similar for both types of probes that differed in the functional group that is involved in modification by biotin attachment. However, the batches with modification of the amino groups stained more intensely and more distinctly than the carboxyl modified EGF. Overall, the data indicate that the ligand properties of the EGF are not impaired by biotinylation of the two types of functional groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biotinylated epidermal growth factor: a useful tool for the histochemical analysis of specific binding sites. 222 31

BMY-28175 is a novel antitumor antibiotic produced in fermentation by Actinomadura verrucosospora. The cytotoxic effects of BMY-28175 were determined using murine and human tumor cell lines in vitro. Following 72 hour exposure, the drug had IC50 values 1.5 to 13.5 ng/ml in a microtiter assay. BMY-28175 was evaluated for antitumor activity against several experimental murine and human tumor models. The drug administered ip was active against ip implanted P388 leukemia, L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, M109 lung carcinoma, C26 colon carcinoma, M5076 sarcoma and Lewis lung carcinoma. In addition, BMY-28175 administered iv was active against iv implanted P388 and L1210 leukemias. BMY-28175 was active against sc implanted B16 melanoma (increased lifespan and/or inhibition of primary tumor growth) in about 60% of the tests. The growth of sc implanted M109 was inhibited by BMY-28175 in a single experiment. BMY-28175 was also active against the MX-1 human mammary xenograft implanted in the subrenal capsule of nude mice. The optimal dose for BMY-28175 in these various studies ranged from 0.16 micrograms/kg per injection with consecutive daily (qd1-9) administration, to 51.2 micrograms/kg with single dose administration. The results of these studies indicate that BMY-28175 is one of the most potent antitumor agents yet observed, with a broad spectrum of activity against tumors of murine and human origin and activity against tumors located distal to the site of drug administration.
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PMID:Experimental antitumor activity of BMY-28175 a new fermentation derived antitumor agent. 234 72

The new folate analog 10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin (10EdAM) was equivalent to methotrexate (MTX) as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, but was more effectively transported and polyglutamylated in most tumor cells. Also, the transport and polyglutamylation of 10EdAM in tumor cells vis-a-vis normal proliferative tissue is substantially increased compared to MTX, favoring much greater accumulation of 10EdAM as cytotoxic polyglutamates in some of these tumor cells. 10EdAM was superior to MTX against 4 of 6 murine ascites tumors (L1210, S180, Ehrlich and Tapper) and far superior against 4 of 6 solid murine tumors (S180, Tapper, E0771 mammary AC, T241 fibrosarcoma). 10EdAM produced 10% to 30% complete regressions against S180, E0771 and T241 tumors. Both agents showed similar activity against P288 and 1498c leukemias and the Lewis lung tumor, but were inactive against B16 melanoma. Marked superiority of 10EdAM compared to MTX was also shown against the following human tumor xenografts: MX-1 (mammary carcinoma), LX-1 (small cell lung carcinoma) and CX-1 (colon carcinoma). 10EdAM produced 30% to 40% complete regressions against the MX-1 tumor.
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PMID:10-Ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin: structural design and biochemical, pharmacologic, and antitumor properties. 244 50


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