Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As reported previously (Namba et al., 1985; Namba, 1985), normal human fibroblasts were transformed into immortal cells with abnormal karyotypes by Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation. These immortally transformed cells (KMST-6) showed no clonability in soft agar and were not tumorigenic. However, by treatment with Ha-ras oncogenes derived from a human lung carcinoma or Harvey murine sarcoma virus, the KMST-6 cells acquired elevated clonability in soft agar and transplantability in nude mice. All the tumors produced grew progressively without showing regression and killed the mice. The tumors were also serially transplantable into other mice. The Ha-ras oncogene alone did not convert normal human fibroblasts into either immortal or tumorigenic cells. Our current data suggest that gamma rays worked as an initiator of carcinogenesis in normal human cells, giving rise to chromosome aberrations and immortality, and the Ha-ras oncogene played a role in the progression of the immortally transformed cell population to a neoplastic one showing enhanced colony formation in soft agar and tumorigenicity in nude mice.
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PMID:Multi-step neoplastic transformation of normal human fibroblasts by Co-60 gamma rays and Ha-ras oncogenes. 328 50

Cancer Procoagulant (CP), a cysteine proteinase which triggers blood coagulation by directly activating Factor X (FX) in the absence of Factor VII (F VII), has recently been isolated from rabbit V2 carcinoma and biochemically characterized. We have studied the procoagulant activity of tissue extracts from 4 murine experimental tumors in order to define whether or not a F VII-independent activity with cysteine proteinase characteristics was present. The tumors studied were: Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), B16 melanoma (B16), JW sarcoma (JWS) and the M4 variant of the mFS6 fibrosarcoma (M4). Extracts from 3LL, B16 and JWS tumor initiated coagulation in both the presence and absence of F VII, their procoagulant activity was sensitive to iodoacetamide (1 mM) and mercury chloride (0.1 mM). The procoagulant of M4 extract was dependent on the presence of F VII and was not significantly affected by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors. An Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion study showed immunological cross-reactivity of all but M4 extracts to a polyclonal antibody to purified CP. The present study suggests that the procoagulant(s) present in the murine tumors 3LL, B16 and JWS are enzymatically and immunologically indistinguishable from cancer procoagulant of the rabbit V2 carcinoma.
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PMID:Several murine metastasizing tumors possess a cysteine proteinase with cancer procoagulant characteristics. 329 10

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung showing extensive spindle transformation is presented. On light microscopy, the tumour showed sheets and fascicles of elongated fusiform cells resulting in a growth pattern which closely resembled a sarcoma. Immunocytochemistry using tissue-specific antibodies against intermediate filaments demonstrated exclusive labelling of the tumour cells with prekeratin antibodies. Electron microscopy showed well-formed intercellular junctions and thick bundles of tonofilaments within the cytoplasm of the cells further confirming the squamous epithelial nature of the neoplasm. The findings in the present case point to the existence of a non-metaplastic spindle cell variant of squamous carcinoma of the lung. The possible mechanisms which may account for the spindle shape of the cells are reviewed.
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PMID:Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the lung. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of a case. 330 90

FK973, a new, substituted dihydrobenzoxazine (11-acetyl-8-carbamoyloxymethyl-4-formyl-14-oxa-1,11- diazatetracyclo[7.4.1.0.0]tetra-deca-2,4,6-trien-6,9-diyl diacetate), was obtained by chemical modification of a novel antibiotic which was isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sandaensis No. 6897. FK973 had cytotoxic effects against in vitro cultured human and murine tumor cells. FK973 in doses of 0.032-5.6 mg/kg (i.p.) had stronger antitumor activities and higher chemotherapeutic ratio than mitomycin C against such murine ascitic tumors as P388 and L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma of ovarian origin, Colon 26 carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma, and MH134 hepatoma. In tests against murine and human solid tumors implanted s.c. in normal mice and nude mice, respectively, FK973 (i.v.) inhibited growth of murine tumors (M5076 sarcoma, Colon 38 carcinoma, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma) by 66-100% and human tumors (LX-1 lung, MX-1 mammary, and SC-6 stomach carcinoma) by 84-99%. In studies with drug-resistant P388 leukemia, FK973 was also effective against vincristine-resistant P388, moderately effective against mitomycin C (MMC)- and adriamycin-resistant P388, and partially effective against cyclophosphamide-resistant P388 cells in mice. Leukopenic effects of FK973 and MMC in mice were comparable at doses which gave antitumor activity almost equally. FK973 had no effect on the numbers of platelets and red blood cells, whereas MMC markedly decreased both. FK973 decreased the numbers of colony forming units in spleen and in culture and the effect was less than that of MMC. Therefore, FK973 may give weaker myelosuppression than MMC. The results suggest that FK973 will be a beneficial drug for the treatment of cancer.
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PMID:Antitumor activity and hematotoxicity of a new, substituted dihydrobenzoxazine, FK973, in mice. 334 97

Two men, aged 68 and 77 years, had metastases of carcinoma in pagetic bones. These cases were initially diagnosed clinically as Paget's sarcoma. Roentgenograms, scintigrams, and bone puncture biopsy specimens (BPBs) of the right scapula and the sacrum, respectively, showed only Paget's disease. However, an additional BPB obtained with the aid of computed axial tomography (CAT) revealed the presence of metastases of lung carcinoma in the right scapula and of a carcinoma of probable prostatic origin in the pagetic sacrum in the other. The observations testify to the usefulness of CAT-directed BPB when Paget's sarcoma is suspected, especially in cases located in the scapula, pelvis, or spine.
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PMID:Metastases of carcinoma in the pagetic bone. A report of two cases. 334 81

Intravenous (i.v.) administration of sodium thiosulfate reduces the toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP). This effect, which allows the use of increased CDDP doses, has been exploited clinically in the intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of intraabdominal tumors. Recently, attempts have been made to treat extraperitoneal tumors by concurrent i.v. administration of CDDP and sodium thiosulfate. We have tested this approach in mice bearing systemic L1210 leukemia, s.c. growing Lewis lung carcinoma, C3H mammary carcinoma, and a human sarcoma growing in athymic nude mice. In all cases the antitumor activity of CDDP was substantially reduced in a manner dependent on the thiosulfate dose. Increased doses of CDDP, permitted by reduced toxicity in the presence of thiosulfate, raised the antitumor activity. However, the latter did not exceed that obtained by much lower doses in the absence of thiosulfate. The present experiments in animal models thus fail to support the clinical use of CDDP given i.v. together with its antidote, sodium thiosulfate.
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PMID:Sodium thiosulfate fails to increase the therapeutic index of intravenously administered cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in mice bearing murine and human tumors. 334 60

The fine needle aspirate in a case of pleomorphic giant-cell carcinoma of the pancreas, an unusual but highly malignant variant of ductal carcinoma of the pancreas, was characterized by bizarre tumor giant cells, "osteoclastlike" giant cells and abundant mitoses. The differential diagnostic possibilities include sarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and liposarcoma), melanoma, choriocarcinoma, metastatic giant-cell carcinoma of the lung and giant-cell tumor of the pancreas. A combination of clinical history, imaging findings and fine needle aspiration biopsy with transmission electron microscopy could lead to the appropriate diagnosis and help differentiate this entity from the other possible considerations.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of pleomorphic giant-cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Case report with ultrastructural observations. 346 52

Alkyllysophospholipids are analogs of the cell membrane component lysophosphocholine. The thioether lysophospholipid BM 41.440 (1-hexadecylmercapto-2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is already in use in phase I and II trials in human cancer therapy. A direct antitumor effect of this new compound has been shown in vitro using 35 different cell types of murine and human origin. All normal cells investigated were not affected in the concentration range (1-10 micrograms/ml) that was cytotoxic for most tumor cells studied. In vivo, antimalignant and antimetastatic actions have been documented in the Meth A sarcoma, L1210 leukemia, B 16 melanoma and the 3Lewis-lung carcinoma tumor models, respectively. Murine, bone marrow-derived macrophages (M phi), preincubated with BM 41.440, showed an increased cytotoxicity in vitro. Addition of syngeneic spleen cells and low doses of BM 41.440 to this system enhanced tumor cell destruction 20- to 100-fold compared to controls dependent on the target cells used (YAC, ABLS-8.1, L1210, and P815). In vivo, Meth A sarcoma growth was dose and time dependently reduced in CB6F1 mice under therapeutic IV application of BM 41.440-activated M phi. The mean survival time of DBA mice, treated once IP with BM 41.440 4 days before L1210 challenge, increased from 24 to 38 days.
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PMID:BM 41.440: a new antineoplastic, antimetastatic, and immune-stimulating drug. 348 59

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF) was found to exhibit potent antitumor activities not only against murine tumors, i.e. Meth A sarcoma, B 16 melanoma, colon 26 adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and MH134 hepatoma, transplanted in syngeneic mice but also against human tumors, i.e. HMV-2 melanoma, PC-10 lung carcinoma and GOTO neuroblastoma, heterotransplanted in nude mice. rHu-TNF caused necrosis of all tumors tested and inhibited their growth in a dose dependent manner. Complete regression of tumors was observed in mice bearing Meth A, B16, colon 26, MH134, HMV-2 and PC-10 but not in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and GOTO neuroblastoma. The prolongation of survival time was also observed in syngeneic mice transplanted with murine tumors except Lewis lung carcinoma. The antitumor effect of rHu-TNF was more evident when it was given intratumorally than when given intravenously. The feasibility of rHu-TNF as a drug for cancer therapy is discussed.
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PMID:Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor--II. Antitumor effect on murine and human tumors transplanted in mice. 352 34

Lewis lung carcinoma and EMT6 sarcoma growing as solid tumors in mice caused a gradual increase in the susceptibility of the animals to lethal toxicity of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides [LPS]). By day 15 following inoculation of the tumors, the 50% lethal dose of LPS, which in normal mice was approximately 400 micrograms, decreased to 2 micrograms for the sarcoma-bearing mice and 0.1 microgram for the carcinoma-bearing mice. This sensitization to endotoxin was paralleled by a high sensitization to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Human recombinant TNF given to normal mice was lethal at about 500 micrograms. It was lethal for 50% of the animals bearing EMT6 or Lewis lung carcinoma tumors in amounts of 4 and 0.01 micrograms, respectively, on day 15 following tumor inoculation. The sensitization of tumor-bearing animals to LPS and TNF was paralleled by marked granulocytosis.
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PMID:Growing tumors induce hypersensitivity to endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. 362 99


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