Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred six patients with malignant pleural effusion were treated by pleurectomy; 83 of these were available for a 2-year followup. Sixteen of 83 patients were alive 2 years following the pleurectomy, with a survival range of 2-6 years. The most common neoplasms associated with the development of effusion were carcinoma of the lung in 41 cases, carcinoma of the breast in 33 cases, and mesothelioma in 14. Indications for pleurectomy were: A) failure to control the effusion by tube drainage and instillation of chemical or radioactive agents; B) presence of a trapped lung; and C) presence of malignant effusion at the time of thoracotomy for resection of an intrathoracic tumor.
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PMID:Indications for pleurectomy in malignant effusion. 111 41

Most of the symptoms from a malignant tumor are caused by local invasion by the tumor, or obstruction, either at the site of the primary disease or by metastases. However, tumors can produce symptoms at a remote site. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancy may present with symptoms which include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and ascites. Palliation gastrectomy delays or prevents these symptoms. About 30% of gastric carcinomas are inoperable at the time of presentation. Chemotherapy is rarely effective in the palliation of gastric carcinoma. Laser irradiation can be delivered to assay site accessible to fibreoptic endoscopy, which is an advantage over endocavity irradiation or diathermy fulguration. Ascites is a common and disabling implication in patients with advanced malignant disease. Spironolactone will increase urinary sodium excretion significantly and control their ascites. If spironolactone fails to control, useful control can be achieved by draining the ascites. Patients with carcinoma of the lung may present with symptoms that include cough, bloody sputum and dyspnoea. Pain in the chest wall is usually secondary to invasion of the parietal pleura, ribs or intercostal nerves. Lesions in the medial portion of the right upper lobe, or mediastinal metastases, may invade or compress the superior vena cava, causing venous hypertension with oedema of the head and arms. The patients may complain of dyspnoea, dysphagia, stridor and headaches. Radiotherapy can be expected to improve the quality of life for these patients. Successful palliation of symptoms is almost related to tumor regression. The problems of obstruction and bleeding from malignant tumor is common. Recently, laser techniques have been applied to aid in palliation of these problems. Malignant effusion may occur early and be the first signs of metastases. The aim of therapy is to evacuate the fluid and induce pleural adhesion. One of the sad situations that we have to face is the patient with recurrent cancer which complains of various symptoms. The relief of symptoms is the most important palliative therapy to them.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 3. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor (1)]. 169 82

Psammoma bodies are ovoid, laminated concretions that, when detected in malignant effusions, suggest the existence of an underlying papillary carcinoma, usually of the thyroid gland, ovary or endometrium. Although psammoma bodies have been reported to arise from a wide variety of papillary tumors, origin in a carcinoma of the lung is uncommon, and origin in small cell carcinoma has not been previously reported. This paper documents an unusual case in which psammoma bodies were detected in a malignant pleural effusion in a patient with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Autopsy demonstrated their site of origin to be visceral pleura of lung and a metastatic nodule on the pleural surface of the diaphragm.
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PMID:Psammoma bodies in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a case report. 628 55

The presence of circulating CPK BB isoenzyme is not as rare as was originally supposed. Theoretically damage of organes containing CPK activity should release soluble enzyme into the general circulation. So CPK BB has been reported in sera of patients with brain injury, prostate resection or with gastrointestinal malignant diseases. We present one case of small-cell lung carcinoma associated with 100% of CPK activity type BB in serum. This enzyme pattern was found also in malignant pleural effusion and in the biopsy of the malignant tumour tissue. In this tissue total CPK activity was found markedly more than in normal lung tissues or in epidermoid lung cancers. Brain type CPK is the fetal form of the enzyme and it is possible that our findings is yet another example of tumour expression of a fetal marker in the case of this very undifferentiated tumour.
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PMID:[Exclusive demonstration of creatine phosphokinase BB isoenzyme in serum, pleural fluid and neoplastic tissue in a case of small-cell pulmonary neoplasm]. 632 21

A new tumor cell line, designated SU-CCS-1, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a 16-year-old Caucasian girl with clear cell sarcoma. Morphological studies at the light- and electron-microscopic levels revealed similar features between the SU-CCS-1 cells and the primary tumor. Ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques showed that both the SU-CCS-1 cell line and the original tumor were amelanotic in nature. The malignant derivation of the SU-CCS-1 cell line was demonstrated by intracranial and s.c. heterotransplantation in the nude, athymic mouse and by cytogenetic analysis which showed that the cell line had a hypodiploid chromosome number and several karyotypic abnormalities. Live-cell radioimmunoassay procedures using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens revealed that, phenotypically, SU-CCS-1 closely resembled melanoma tumor cell lines. Immunological assays for the detection of neuroendocrine-associated peptides, hormones, and enzymes revealed that, like melanoma, the SU-CCS-1 cell line was actively producing alpha-melanotropin, S-100 antigen, and nerve growth factor. A notable difference between these tumor types was the capacity of SU-CCS-1 to produce bombesin, an active neuropeptide whose synthesis has been found in cell lines from patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. From these studies, we concluded that the SU-CCS-1 cell line is phenotypically similar to melanoma, yet displays unique characteristics which distinguishes it from other sarcomas. The availability of an established clear cell sarcoma cell line will greatly facilitate further studies aimed at uncovering the histogenesis of this rare cancer.
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PMID:Use of a newly established human cell line (SU-CCS-1) to demonstrate the relationship of clear cell sarcoma to malignant melanoma. 636 60

The relative value of each lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme (iso LDH) was measured by electrophoretic separation in the serum and the pleural fluid of 100 patients. In each case, the cause of the pleural effusion was known. Two types of LDH isoenzyme pattern were found in the serum: a normal type with a low value of LDH 5 and an abnormal type with a high value of LDH 5. This high LDH-5 level is due to an impaired liver function. In the pleural fluid, the electrophoretic patterns of five LDH isoenzymes were found by computerized processing. During congestive heart failure (28 cases) the electrophoretic pattern of the LDH isoenzymes was always similar in the serum and in the pleural fluid (transudative pleural effusion). During thoracic empyema, the relative values of the isoenzymes in the pleural fluid were regularly increasing from LDH 1 to LDH 5. In this situation, the evaluation of LDH 5 appeared to emanate from the increased granulocytes in the pleural fluid. In 22 inflammatory pleural effusions, the relative values of the five isoenzymes were equal. During malignant effusions (35 cases) a high level of LDH 5 was found in 21 patients. LDH 5 is known to be secreted by malignant tissue, and the authors confirmed it by finding a high level of LDH 5 in biopsy specimens of patients with mesothelioma or epidermoid lung cancer (7 cases). Conversely, the level of LDH 5 was low in biopsy specimens from normal lung tissue or benign inflammatory pleuritis (6 cases). Among the 14 patients with low levels of LDH 5 in the pleural fluid during malignant pleural effusion, the authors found the malignant lymphomas (three cases) and the small cell lung carcinoma (five cases). In these cases, the low level of LDH 5 was in agreement with the result of a low level of LDH 5 found in the biopsy of a metastatic liver localization of a small cell lung carcinoma. So the electrophoretic determination of LDH isoenzymes pattern in pleural fluid is a sensitive tool for the management of pleural effusion.
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PMID:Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns in the diagnosis of pleural effusion. 673 80

Of 471 patients undergoing a complete resection for non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung between 1972 and 1989, 40 patients (8.5%) had local recurrences without extrathoracic distant metastasis. Excluding 8 patients who had malignant pleural effusion, we selected 32 patients (24 with hilar-mediastinal lymph node, 6 with bronchial stump, and 2 with chest wall recurrence) from the 40 patients and assessed the significance of local control by radiotherapy. The median length of survival after disease recurrence for these 32 patients was 19 months. Of 29 patients given radiation treatment, 16 who responded to the treatment survived significantly longer than nonresponders (median survival time 27 months versus 6 months, p < 0.01). Univariate analyses of survival after recurrences in relation to various factors revealed that sex and disease-free intervals were significant prognostic factors (p < 0.05) other than the effect of radiotherapy. A multivariate analysis showed that the effect of radiotherapy was the predominant prognostic factor. From these results, we conclude that local control with radiation is beneficial in patients with solely locally recurrent tumors in terms of improved survival.
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PMID:Local recurrence after complete resection for non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Significance of local control by radiation treatment. 828 23

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) producing cell line (KCC-C1) was established from malignant pleural effusion of a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma. Hypercalcemia and granulocytosis were noted in the patient. The serum level of PTHrP, measured by N-terminal specific radioimmunoassay, was 110 pg/ml (normal < 20 pg/ml). The established KCC-C1 tumor cells proved to have PTHrP RNA transcripts and produce a large amount of PTHrP. Besides the production of PTHrP, the culture medium contained a significant level of interleukin 1 (IL-1). However, tumor necrosis factor or colony stimulating factor was not defected. Transplantation of KCC-C1 tumor cells into nude mice resulted in tumor formation with hypercalcemia. As IL-1 is also known to have bone-resorbing activity, KCC-C1 which may prove valuable in the study of the interaction between PTHrP and IL-1 for induction of hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Establishment of lung cancer cell line producing parathyroid hormone-related protein. 828 65

We evaluated the diagnostic utility of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag.) in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). CEA, NSE and SCC Ag, blood and pleural levels were quantified by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 85 patients with pleural effusions: 35 non malignant pleural effusions, and 50 MPE; 42 with lung carcinoma (LC), and 8 with extrapulmonary carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity was compared to cytological results of the pleural fluid. The sensitivities of CEA7 NSE and SCC Ag. (in pleural fluid) were 59.5%, 48.7% and 16.7% respectively in patients with LC (specificity higher than 90%). Using a combination with CEA and NSE, the sensitivity reached 80.9% (specificity, 91.4%). The cytology of pleural fluid was positive in 45.2%. The pleural/blood ratios did not improve the diagnostic performance. In patients with extrapulmonary carcinoma, the sensitivity of these tumor markers was lower. The combination of CEA and NSE pleural levels is useful in the diagnostic approach to the patient with pleural effusion. A high level of NSE is suggestive of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
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PMID:[Diagnostic utility of carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in malignant pleural effusion]. 898 62

The mechanism of pleural fibrosis in malignant and inflammatory pleural effusion remains unclear. We measured the levels of type III procollagen N-terminal amino peptide (PIIIP) and type IV collagen 7S in patients who had pleural effusion and lung carcinoma, and in others who had inflammatory diseases (parapneumonic and tuberculous pleuritis). The PIIIP level and the PIIIP/type IV collagen 7S ratio in patients with malignant pleural effusion were significantly lower than those in patients with inflammatory pleural effusion (p < 0.01), but the levels of type IV collagen 7S did not differ. The ratio of PIIIP to type IV collagen 7S was higher in patients with tuberculous pleuritis than in those with parapneumonic pleuritis (p < 0.05). These data indicate that pleural fibrotic adhesion may be accelerated in inflammatory pleural effusion because of elevated production of type III collagen; basement membrane injury in malignant and inflammatory pleural effusion may be caused by similar damage. We conclude that a high level of PIIIP and a high PIIIP/type IV collagen 7S ratio may indicate the presence of inflammatory pleuritis, and that the latter may indicate the presence of tuberculous pleuritis.
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PMID:[Type III procollagen N-terminal aminopeptide and type IV collagen 7S in pleural effusion fluid]. 929 95


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