Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ditazole (4,5-diphenyl-2-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoxazol) inhibits in vivo platelet aggregation induced in mice by intravenous injection of cells derived from an experimental tumor, the Lewis lung carcinoma. Such a protective effect of ditazole could not be observed when the number of circulating platelets dropped slowly following intramuscular implantation and spontaneous dissemination of the same cancer cells. These results support previous observations suggesting a different mechanism for the thrombocytopenia observed after intravenous and intramuscular injection of cancer cells. Tail transection bleeding time of normal mice is significantly prolonged by ditazole, a finding at variance with that reported in rats.
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PMID:Ditazole and platelets III. Effect of ditazole on tumor-cell induced thrombocytopenia and on bleeding time in mice. 2 Nov 24

Histologic examination of bone-marrow from the posterior iliac crest was routinely done as a pretreatment staging procedure in 203 consecutive patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Subtyping of the patients according to the WHO classification included 27.8% with "fusiform" cell type (WHO II,1), 28.3% with "polygonal" cell type (WHO II,2), 42.8% with "lymphocyte-like" cell type (WHO II,3), and 1.1% with mixed types (WHO II,4). Bone-marrow involvement was found in 17.2%. No significant difference was observed among the histological subtypes with regard to bone-marrow involvement. A comparison of bone-marrow biopsy and aspiration in patients investigated with both procedures showed that aspiration alone was diagnostic in nine of 24 (38%) positive patients as compared with two of 24 (8%) with biopsy alone, while in the remaining 13 patients (54%) both procedures were positive. Of the 35 patients with positive bone-marrow examination, 77% had no other evidence of distant metastatic disease if liver metastases identified by peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy are excluded as a staging procedure. With the exception of thrombocytopenia which was observed in six patients, with bone-marrow metastases, hematological findings were of little value in detecting bone-marrow involvement.
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PMID:Bone-marrow examination in the staging of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with special reference to subtyping. An evaluation of 203 consecutive patients. 19 70

Twenty previously untreated patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2 and Adriamycin, 40 mg/m2 IV on day 1, followed by cytosine arabinoside, 20 mg/m2, every 12 hours subcutaneously on days 5--9; this regimen was repeated every 28 days. On days 14--28 of the first cycle, each patient received 3,000 rads to the primary tumor and whole brain. Following eleven courses, Adriamycin was discontinued and patients received cyclophosphamide, 800 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and methotrexate, 15 mg/m2 IV on days 5--7. This regimen was repeated every 28 days. Toxicity included nausea, vomiting, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and esophagitis. Overall response rate was 65%. Media survival in limited disease was 14.5 months, and in extended disease it was 4.5 months. This combination is active in localized small cell carcinoma but provides no superiority over other regimens.
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PMID:Combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. 23 39

Prednimustine is a prednisolone ester of chlorambucil which has been found effective in a variety of tumors. Eleven patients with advanced carcinoma of the lung (5 adenocarcinoma, 3 squamous cell carcinoma, 2 small cell carcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma) were treated at a dosage of 40 mg. per day. Nine had previously failed on combination chemotherapy. No objective responses were observed. Leukopenia or thrombocytopenia were found in 4 patients with nadirs of 2,000 WBC and 60,000 platelets. The lack of response may be a function of the inability of lung carcinoma to concentrate the drug as shown with radioactive labeled Prednimustine. The malignant cells may lose their glucocorticoid binding capacity normally present in the lung. Determination of glucocorticoid binding capacity or Prednimustine uptake might predict the effectiveness of Prednimustine in the treatment of tumor. Prednimustine was well tolerated and may be given safely in advanced malignancies. Further studies with high intermittent doses and selection of tumors with steroid binding properties are now in progress.
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PMID:Preliminary clinical study of prednimustine in lung cancer. 26 97

The level of peripheral blood platelets was determined after i.v. injection of Corynebacterium parvum in normal C57BL mice and in those bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma. Twenty minutes after injection of a formalin-killed active strain (CN6134, (CN6134, which inhibited tumour metastases) or a killed inactive strain (CN 5888, which did not inhibit metastases) the number of circulating blood platelets was reduced by 50%. The level of platelets returned to control values by 8 h after the active, and by approximately 3 days after the inactive strain. The active strain alone caused a second and prolonged fall in platelet numbers, from approximately 16 h to 21 days after injection. Heparin given 3 X weekly to these mice restored the platelet count to normal values by 10 days after injection of active-strain C. parvum. The level of platelets in tumour-bearing mice was essentially similar to that in normal mice. Possible causes of the thrombocytopenia and the significance of platelets in metastasis are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of Corynebacterium parvum on peripheral blood platelets. 59 75

In view of the possible role of platelets and coagulation mechanisms in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, a number of hematological parameters were followed during development of an experimental syngeneic tumor in mice, Lewis lung carcinoma. This tumor, when transplanted i.m. in C57BL/6 mice, grows locally and spontaneously metastasizes to the lungs. The transplanted animals survive for about 4 weeks. Metastases are visible from the third week. A slight but constant increase in plasma fibrinogen level and marked thrombocytopenia were first observed during the second week after tumor implantation. No other significant changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were detected. Moreover, the animals developed marked hemolytic anemia, possibly microangiopathic in origin. 125I-labelled fibrinogen survival was decreased by about 20% during the second week after tumor implantation and was not further reduced later. Fibrinogen turnover was progressively accelerated, being more than doubled by the end of the third week. Labeled fibrinogen accumulated in the primary tumor and in the lungs (its rate of disappearance from the tumor was much slower than that from lungs or blood). 51Cr-labeled platelet survival did not change throughout the observation period, whereas platelet turnover was markedly reduced from the end of the second week, suggesting defective platelet production. 51Cr-labeled RBC survival was drastically reduced to about 30% of the controls starting from the second week. The occurence of low-grade, localized intravascular coagulation could be suggested on the basis of these data. Moreover, when Lewis lung carcinoma cells were abruptly injected i.v. through the tall vein, more impressive signs of intravascular coagulation could be seen. Indeed, there was a rapid decrease in the number of platelets, a reduction in fibrinogen, and an increase in fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. The effects of i.v. injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells indicate a relevant interference of cancer cells with the hematostatic system. In contrast, the tenuous evidence fo coagulation disorders in animals receiving injections of tumor cells i.m. seems to indicate a limited effect on hemostasis of the same cells during i.m. tumor growth.
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PMID:Blood coagulation changes in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma, a metastasizing tumor. 83 Apr 14

CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, NSC-79037) was used to treat advanced malignancies in 329 evaluable patients. The treatment dosage was 130 mg/m2 for patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and 100 mg/m2 for those with compromised bone marrow. Oral treatment was repeated at 6-week intervals unless hematologic toxicity intervened. There were four complete responses: two in ovarian cancer, one with small cell carcinoma of the lung, and one with melanoma. Tumor response greater than 50% reduction in tumor size occurred in 39 patients (11.9%) while stable disease (no change or decrease or increase of less than 50% in tumor size) was noted in 152 patients (46.2%). Tumor progression occurred in 130 cases. Melanomas and ovarian and lung cancers had the highest response rates. Bone marrow depression was the major side effect of treatment; there was a significant positive correlation between the severity of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and tumor response to treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignancy with CCNU (NSC 79037): a phase II cooperative study with long-term follow up. 95 55

An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted.
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PMID:Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). 110 41

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, for primary lung cancer was conducted by the 254-S Lung Cancer Study Group consisting of 15 institutions nation-wide. Considering the results of the phase I clinical study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion and this administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Of 75 patients registered, 61 patients consisting of 22 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 39 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluable for complete tumor response. Partial response (PR) was obtained in 17 patients, for a 27.9% response rate. The response rate for SCLC was 40.9% (9 PR in 22 patients) and that for NSCLC was 20.5% (8 PR in 39 patients). In SCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 50.0% (5 PR in 10 patients) response rate was obtained. In those with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 33.3% (4 PR in 12 patients). In NSCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 22.6% (7 PR in 31 patients) response rate was obtained. In hose with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 12.5% (1 PR in 8 patients). Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Nephrotoxicity observed was mild and infrequent in spite of the low-volume hydration performed. Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for primary lung cancer]. 131 98

The synergistic combination of cisplatinum and etoposide appears as the best second line treatment in patients relapsing from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). In order to test the dose-effect relationship of cisplatinum and etoposide in this situation, we have performed a randomised phase II trial comparing 2 five-day regimens: cisplatinum 20 mg/m2/day+etoposide 60 mg/m2/day (arm A) versus cisplatinum 40 mg/m2/day+etoposide 100 mg/m2/day (arm B) every 4 weeks. Thirty-seven patients were included (arm A: 18, arm B: 19), and 32 were considered to be eligible (arm A: 15, arm B: 17). Eight patients were non evaluable, five of them because of toxic death occurring prior to the second course (arm A: one from neutropenia; arm B: three from neutropenia and one from thrombopenia). The two groups were well balanced with regard to the main prognostic factors (age, sex, performance status, LDH level, response to induction chemotherapy). An objective response was observed in 10/24 evaluable patients (arm A: 4, arm B: 6) and was considered as complete in one patient in arm A and in 2 pts in arm B; these two patients presented with cerebral metastases and their response lasted 9 and 15 weeks respectively. The mean duration of response was 11 weeks in arm A and 10.5 weeks in arm B. The median actuarial survival of the overall population of eligible patients was 15 weeks: 13 weeks in arm A and 16.5 weeks in arm B. The study was discontinued because of the 23.5% toxic deaths rate in the high doses arm in this heavily pre-treated population of patients. However, the high response rate (54% overall, 35% considering toxic death as a failure) is impressive and presents evidence for the dose/effect relationship in SCLC.
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PMID:[Comparison of 2 cisplatin and etoposide dosages in relapsing small cell lung cancer]. 133 11


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