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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the diagnostic utility of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag.) in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). CEA, NSE and SCC Ag, blood and pleural levels were quantified by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 85 patients with pleural effusions: 35 non malignant pleural effusions, and 50 MPE; 42 with lung carcinoma (LC), and 8 with extrapulmonary carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity was compared to cytological results of the pleural fluid. The sensitivities of CEA7 NSE and SCC Ag. (in pleural fluid) were 59.5%, 48.7% and 16.7% respectively in patients with LC (specificity higher than 90%). Using a combination with CEA and NSE, the sensitivity reached 80.9% (specificity, 91.4%). The cytology of pleural fluid was positive in 45.2%. The pleural/blood ratios did not improve the diagnostic performance. In patients with extrapulmonary carcinoma, the sensitivity of these tumor markers was lower. The combination of CEA and NSE pleural levels is useful in the diagnostic approach to the patient with pleural effusion. A high level of NSE is suggestive of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
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PMID:[Diagnostic utility of carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in malignant pleural effusion]. 898 62

Human breast carcinoma MCF-7/AdrVp cells display a novel multidrug resistance phenotype that is characterized by the overexpression of a 95-kDa membrane glycoprotein (p95) and by marked reduction in intracellular anthracycline accumulation, without overexpression of P-glycoprotein or the multidrug resistance protein MRP. p95 is also highly expressed in multidrug-resistant NCI-H1688 cells derived from a human small cell lung carcinoma. Deglycoslyated p95 from NCI-H1688 cells was isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and then digested with trypsin. The tryptic peptides were analyzed by mass spectrometry and microsequencing. These analyses identified p95 to be identical to NCA-90, the nonspecific cross-reacting antigen related to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Further confirmation that p95 is indeed NCA-90 was obtained by Northern and Western blot studies using probes or antibodies specific for p95, NCA-90, or CEA family members. Western blot studies also revealed that CEA itself is overexpressed in MCF-7/AdrVp cells compared to parental MCF-7/W cells. The enforced expression of NCA-90 protein in HeLa cells stably transfected with NCA-90 cDNA did not result in increased resistance of the transfected cells to daunorubicin or a decrease in daunorubicin accumulation in the transfected cells compared to cells transfected only with the expression vector. However, a recent report by H. Kawaharata et al. (Int. J. Cancer, 72: 377-382, 1997) of diminished accumulation, retention, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in EJNIH3T3 cells in which enforced expression of CEA was accomplished leaves open the possibility that the overexpression of CEA, possibly in combination with that of NCA-90, could account at least in part for the drug resistant phenotype displayed by MCF-7/AdrVp cells.
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PMID:The 95-kilodalton membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in novel multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells is NCA, the nonspecific cross-reacting antigen of carcinoembryonic antigen. 940 50

The study of tumour markers in lung cancer has focused mainly on serum-based analysis. The controversy about carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pregnancy specific glycoprotein 1 (SP1) and beta human chorionic gonadotropin (betahCG) production in lung carcinoma has been reported in several studies. The aims of this study were: to explore an expression of CEA, SP1 and betahCG in various histological types of lung carcinoma with respect to the grade of differentiation; and to define the relationship between tumour marker expression and serum marker concentration. Ninety two lung tumours (75 non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLC) and 17 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC)) entered the study. Tumour marker expression was compared with the serum levels of CEA, SP1 and betahCG in 57 patients (pts) with NSCLC and four pts with SCLC. Positive immunostaining of CEA and SP1 was observed in 87% NSCLC, and betahCG was found in 24% NSCLC. In the SCLC group positive staining showed in 29% of tumours, SP1 in 51% and betahCG in 18%. Positive CEA expression ranged from 50-100% within the carcinomatous cell population (pcp) and was more characteristic for well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. This finding was in contrast to squamous cell carcinomas, where the majority of tumours expressed CEA in 1-50% pcp. A significant negative correlation was noticed for adenocarcinoma between tumour expression and grade of histological differentiation for CEA (P < 0.001) and SP1 (P = 0.023). Results were not significant for squamous carcinoma. Significant differences of serum CEA concentration were noticed between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (P = 0.003). In addition, a statistically significant relation was found between serum CEA concentration and an early (I + II) and advanced (IIIa + IIIb + IV) stage of NSCLC (P = 0.031). A significant correlation was noticed when serum CEA and tumour CEA expression was compared for NSCLC (P < 0.001), and for serum betahCG and tumour betahCG (P = 0.019).
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PMID:Expression of CEA and trophoblastic cell markers by lung carcinoma in association with histological characteristics and serum marker levels. 951 51

Because bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) commonly displays bland cytologic appearance, there is a good potential for misinterpretation. The aim of this study was twofold: one was to identify the most reproducible cytomorphologic features to distinguish BAC from conventional lung adenocarcinoma (CLA) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and the other was to investigate the staining characteristics of these two variants of lung carcinoma with P53 tumor suppressor gene immunostain and their potential value in the distinction between the two entities. Cytology records of 13 histologically documented BACs was retrieved: 7 FNA, 3 bronchial washing/bronchial brushing (BW/ BB), and 3 scraping smears of surgical specimens. Two cases had both FNA and BW/BB material. Immunostains for P53 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Ki67(MIB-1) monoclonal antibodies were performed on 13 BACs (FNA cell blocks and tissue) and on 11 FNA cell blocks of CLA. Cytologically, BAC showed uniform cells with abundant, lacy cytoplasm, and bland, folded nuclei arranged singly, in papillary clusters, and sheets. Immunocytochemically, one BAC and one CLA were technically unacceptable. Of the 12 remaining BAC cases, 10 were reactive with CEA, 9 reactive with Ki67 (> 5%), and 4 reactive with P53. Of the 10 remaining CLAs, 9 were positive with CEA, 9 were reactive with Ki67 (> 5%), and 8 were reactive with P53. We conclude that BAC demonstrates distinctive cytologic features, but difficulty may be encountered with well-differentiated CLA, metastatic adenocarcinoma, and other lesions. Immunocytochemically, CEA and Ki67 do not appear to be discriminate, but P53 may be of value in distinguishing BAC from CLA. Attention to subtle nuclear changes, characteristic grouping, cellular arrangement, and P53 reactivity could enable cytopathologists to accurately diagnose BAC.
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PMID:Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: diagnostic pitfalls and immunocytochemical contribution. 955 68

We report herein the first documented case of gastrin-releasing peptide-positive neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract. An invasive tumor measuring 2.5 x 1.5 cm was located in the confluence portion of the cystic duct in a 70-year-old Japanese man. Histologically, the tumor was found to be composed of small polygonal cells which formed a solid and trabecular structure, and the frequencies of both mitoses and small necrotic areas were dominant. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to the NE markers chromogranin-A and neuron-specific enolase, as well as to carcinoembryonic antigen and gastrin-releasing peptide. Although a few cases of gastrin-releasing peptide-positive small-cell lung carcinoma have been documented, there have been no reports of gastrin-releasing peptide-positive NE carcinoma occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. We consider our case not merely to be of pathological interest, but also to have clinical and therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract with positive immunostaining for gastrin-releasing peptide: report of a case. 985 32

A case of leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is reported. In this case, we evaluated the feasibility of reverse transcriptased polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods to detect cancer cells in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Messenger RNA of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was clearly demonstrated in CSF by reverse RT-PCR methods. An immunohistochemical study also demonstrated that tumor cells were stained positive with anti-CEA antibody. This case suggests that RT-PCR for CEA was a sensitive and useful method to diagnose leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma.
Lung Cancer 1998 Nov
PMID:A case of leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen. 1002 23

Fourteen cases (13 pleural and one intrapulmonary) of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) (the so-called fibrous mesothelioma) were studied. The lesions occurred more in females (nine cases) than males (five cases). The age of patients ranged from 44 to 73 years old (median 60 years). The tumors presented as cough with or without blood-tinged sputum, exertional dyspnea, chest pain, nausea, body weight loss, fever, or as asymptomatic masses detected by routine chest radiograph. Two patients with huge (tumor larger than 20 cm) malignant tumors had accompanying pleural effusion and one associated with hypoglycemia. Ten benign tumors measured 2-11 cm (median size 7 cm) while the remaining four histologically malignant ones measured 20-30 cm in size. All of them were well circumscribed and thinly encapsulated. Hemorrhage and necrosis were more frequently seen in the malignant tumors. Histologically, these lesions were characterized by 'patternless pattern' with occasional hemangiopericytic features (three cases). The tumor cells were all immunoreactive for vimentin, CD 34, and focally actin-positive in one case, but not for keratin, desmin, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-ACT and F VIII-related antigen, supported a primitive mesenchymal origin. p53 protein was expressed in two of the malignant cases. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen stain was positive with 50 and 80% of the labeling index in the benign and malignant tumors, respectively, but retinoblastoma gene protein was negative in all tumors. This analysis confirmed the relationship between histological malignant SFTs and tumor size, cellularity, mitotic activity, necrosis and tumor suppressor gene expression. However, the clinical behavior was unpredictable. Complete respectability seemed to be the most important indicator of clinical outcome in the less aggressive tumors.
Lung Cancer 1999 Jan
PMID:Thoracic solitary fibrous tumor: clinical and pathological diversity. 1010 Jan 46

Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma is a rare variant of peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung that can manifest clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features similar to malignant mesothelioma. We present three patients with pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. In one patient the carcinoma extended beyond the thorax and extensively involved the peritoneum, mesentery, omentum, and intestines. All patients experienced weight loss and chest pain. All were white men aged 63, 65, and 67 years. Two were smokers and had shortness of breath, cough, and pleural effusion. One had a history of asbestos exposure. No patient developed dyspnea or hemoptysis. One was successfully treated for prostatic carcinoma 18 months earlier. Radiographically, all tumors were pleura-based. Grossly, the tumors spread extensively over pleural (and in one case peritoneal) surfaces and mimicked malignant mesothelioma. Histologically, all tumors were poorly differentiated and necrotic; two tumors exhibited spindle-cell components and desmoplasia. Mucin production was detectable in none, 10%, and 50% of tumor cells. The percentages of tumor cells immunoreactive for Ber-EP4 were 70%, 100%, and 80%; for Leu MI 0%, 90%, and 50%; for epithelial membrane antigen 80%, 80%, and 100%; for B 72.3%, 0%, 90%, and 20%; for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen 0%, 10%, and 10%; and for monoclonal 5%, 0%, and 0%. Of these, Ber-EP4 and B 72.3 rendered the most reliable diagnostic results. The clinical, radiologic, and gross and routine histologic findings were similar to those of a malignant mesothelioma; the final diagnosis could be made based mainly on immunocytochemical results. We have reviewed the English and German literature regarding 65 such tumors and present our experience with three additional cases. We emphasize the application of immunocytochemical studies on pleura-based poorly or undifferentiated malignant tumors of unknown origin.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma involving pleura and peritoneum: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. 1035 50

As small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is frequently a widespread disease at diagnosis, highly radiosensitive and often only partially responsive to chemotherapy, radioimmunotherapy (RIT) would appear to be a promising technique for treatment. We report the preliminary results of a Phase I/II trial of RIT in SCLC using a two-step method and a myeloablative protocol with circulating stem cells transplantation. Fourteen patients with proved SCLC relapse after chemotherapy were treated with RIT. They were first injected i.v. with a bispecific (anti-carcinoembryonic antigen/anti-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) monoclonal antibody (20-80 mg in 100 ml of saline solution) and then 4 days later with di-(In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-tyrosyl-lysine hapten labeled with 1.48-6.66 GBq (40-180 mCi) of I-131 and diluted in 100 ml of saline solution. In patients receiving 150 mCi or more, circulating stem cells were harvested before treatment and reinfused 10-15 days later. Treatment response was evaluated by CT and biochemical data during the month before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. All patients received the scheduled dose without immediate adverse reactions to bispecific antibody or 1-131 hapten. Toxicity was mainly hematological, with two cases of grade 2 leukopenia and three cases of grade 3 or 4 thrombopenia. Body scanning 8 days after injection of the radiolabeled hapten generally showed good uptake at the tumor sites. Estimated tumor dose was 2.6-32.2 cGy/mCi. Among the 12 patients evaluated to date, we have observed 9 progressions, 2 partial responses (one almost complete for 3 months), and 1 stabilization of more than 24 months. Efficiency and toxicity were dose-related. The maximal tolerable dose without hematological rescue was 150 mCi. These preliminary results are encouraging, and dose escalation is currently continuing to reach 300 mCi. RIT should prove to be an interesting therapeutic method for SCLC, although repeated injections and hematological rescue will probably be required, as well as combination with other treatment modalities.
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PMID:Radioimmunotherapy of small cell lung carcinoma with the two-step method using a bispecific anti-carcinoembryonic antigen/anti-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) antibody and iodine-131 Di-DTPA hapten: results of a phase I/II trial. 1054 73

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been reported to be useful markers for staging, monitoring treatment, and predicting relapse in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Recently, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) became available as a sensitive, specific, and reliable tumor marker for patients with SCLC. The aim of this study is to determine the most useful tumor marker to detect the relapse of SCLC. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between tumor markers at relapse and survival from relapse or response to salvage chemotherapy. Medical records were reviewed to obtain serum levels of Pro-GRP, NSE, and CEA before and after the initial chemotherapy, and at relapse. Consecutive 66 patients with SCLC, with an objective response and confirmed relapse treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, were analyzed in this study. The percentages of patients whose tumor marker level were elevated before treatment, decreased after the treatment, and increased again at relapse were 67% (95% CI, 55-78) for Pro-GRP, 20% (10-29) for NSE, and 38% (26-50) for CEA. Multivariate analysis indicated that poor performance status before initial treatment and elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase at relapse were poor prognostic factors for patients with recurrent SCLC (P<0.005). None of the serum levels of Pro-GRP, NSE, and CEA at relapse was a significant prognostic factor and associated with an objective response to salvage chemotherapy. The present study demonstrated that serum levels of Pro-GRP reflect the disease course of patients with SCLC most accurately.
Lung Cancer 2000 Mar
PMID:Significance of serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide as a predictor of relapse of small cell lung cancer: comparative evaluation with neuron-specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen. 1069 89


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