Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic nonneoplastic lung diseases that impair pulmonary oxygenation while increasing the levels of intrapulmonary carbon dioxide (CO2) are a documented risk factor for the development of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers. Using established cell lines derived from human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma, our experiments demonstrated that elevated CO2 concentrations in the range of those found in the diseased lung selectively stimulated the proliferation of SCLC but not adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. The proliferative response of SCLC cells involved activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 and ERK-2, as well as the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase and the stimulation of an autocrine serotonergic loop. Kinase activation was unrelated to changes in intracellular pH. We concluded that CO2 is an important messenger molecule for SCLC which may contribute significantly to the high lung cancer burden observed in individuals with chronic lung disease, by the activation of kinases which play a central role as downstream effectors of many growth factor-stimulated mitogenic pathways.
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PMID:Carbon dioxide, an important messenger molecule for small cell lung cancer. 931 15

Serum CD44 standard and CD44 variant 6 levels were measured in 45 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 33 patients with benign lung disease by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of CD44 variant 6 in trans-bronchial biopsy specimens from the NSCLC patients was studied by an immunoperoxidase method. CD44 standard and CD44 variant 6 levels in NSCLC patients were not significantly different from those in benign lung disease patients. However, serum CD44 variant 6 level in squamous cell carcinoma patients (226.8 +/- 152.7 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in patients with benign lung disease (154.8 +/- 46.4 ng/ml) (P = 0.011). Neither the serum level of CD44 standard nor that of CD44 variant 6 was correlated with disease Stage and metastasis. CD44 variant 6 expression was most frequently observed in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.00058); 15 (79%) of 19 squamous cell carcinoma cases were positive, as were five (22%) of 23 adenocarcinoma cases and two (67%) of three large cell carcinoma cases. Serum CD44 variant 6 levels were 217.1 +/- 143.1 and 156.1 +/- 48.8 ng/ml in patients with and without positive expression of CD44 variant 6, respectively (P = 0.020). Serum CD44 standard and CD44 variant 6 levels are not useful indicators of tumor burden and metastasis in patients with NSCLC. CD44 variant 6 expression might be associated with histological features of NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 1997 Oct
PMID:Serum CD44 levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features. 931 6

Lung Cancer Associated Protein (LCAP) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein defined by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) DF-L1 prepared against a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Previous studies have demonstrated that LCAP circulates at elevated levels in patients with lung cancer. However, a suitable assay for monitoring LCAP levels has not been available. The present work describes the development of a double-determinant LCAP assay using MAb TRD-L1 as the capture antibody and MAb DF-L1 as the tracer. In 60 normal subjects, the mean LCAP level was 4.8 U/ml with 2 (3.3%) subjects having values > 12 U/ml (mean + 2SDS). By contrast, 37 of 67 (55.2%) patients with lung cancer had LCAP levels > 12 U/ml. Moreover, only 14 of 203 (6.9%) patients with benign lung disease had elevated levels. LCAP levels were most commonly elevated (62.7%) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and with advanced disease. These results indicate that LCAP as detected by MAb TRD-L1 is a potentially useful marker for the evaluation of patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Detection of the circulating lung cancer marker LCAP with a new monoclonal antibody TRD-L1. 934 32

Based upon the reasoning that protein-carbohydrate recognition is involved in diverse intercellular activities including growth control and cell motility 14 probes have been employed to characterize epitope presence in sections of 80 cases with operated lung carcinomas, 20 patients with mesothelioma, and 20 cases with non-malignant lung diseases. As parts of the innate immune system with supposed relevance for host defense the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) were employed. The naturally occurring immunoglobulin G fractions with selectivity for alphaa-galactosides (alpha+) and beta-galactosides (beta+) and their subfractions with enhanced target selectivity (alpha+beta-,alpha-beta+) allowed the monitoring of expression of reactive sites for these autoantibodies as a step to elucidate potential anti-tumor activity. Due to the diversity of cellular galactoside-containing glycoconjugates two galectins and a plant lectin were included. As a measure of receptor activities for carbohydrates, neoglycoconjugates with alpha-galactose, the B-disaccharide, the Forssman-disaccharide, and alpha-glucose as histochemically crucial ligand part were tested in addition to an antibody against heparin-binding lectin. Quantitative image analysis revealed significant differences between cases with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer for the plant lectin and one galectin, cases with non-tumorous lung disease and lung carcinoma for serum amyloid P component and the beta-galactoside-selective autoantibody fraction. Prognostic relevance was observed for the presence of glucose-specific sites in small cell lung cancer and meso-thelioma cases, and of galectin- and alpha-galactoside-selective immunoglobulin G fraction-binding sites in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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PMID:Glycohistochemical properties of malignancies of lung and pleura. 953 48

Despite seemingly radical surgery many patients operated on for bronchial carcinoma will die from their disease. Some patients might benefit from postoperative treatment and a prognostic factor that could identify those with an increased risk for tumor relapse would be of great clinical importance. One possible such factor is the occurrence of malignant cells in pleural lavage performed at operation. To test this hypothesis 224 consecutive patients who had been operated on due to verified or strongly suspected bronchial carcinoma, preoperatively staged as stage I or II, were investigated. After opening the thorax and before manipulation or palpation of the lungs, 300 ml of physiological saline solution was installed into the pleura. After excluding patients who were not radically operated, there remained 138 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer (carcinoids excluded) and 12.3% showed tumour cells in the washings. Two of 18 patients with metastatic lung disease ( 11%) and one of ten patients with carcinoid tumor also showed malignant cells in the lavage. The patients with lung cancer have been followed for 3 years or until death. After three years 60.2% of those without malignant cells in the pleural lavage were still alive, while this figure was 41.2% in the other group. The difference was not statistically significant. Other factors, such as spread to local lymph nodes, size of tumor, etc. were related to the occurrence of malignant cells in the pleura, and these factors were also better prognostic ones. We conclude that the clinical use of pleural lavage cytology is limited.
Lung Cancer 1998 Jul
PMID:Prognostic value of malignant cells in pleural lavage at thoracotomy for bronchial carcinoma. 979 53

Technical standardization on randomly chosen samples of tissue specimen is essential for the validity of interpretations derived from measurements on the presence of asbestos fibers in lung in combination with further features of the patients. Fixed non-tumorous lung tissue (2-3 g) of 150 patients after surgery for various lung diseases were either digested in 45 ml of 13% solution with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO; wet ashing) or heated in an oven at 600 degrees C for 15 min (hot ashing). After tissue disintegration asbestos and asbestos-like fibers were counted by visual inspection, and the fiber concentration in the lung parenchyma was computed. In addition, the patients' survival, and the occupational and social history were analyzed. As a result, the mean concentrations of fibers were found to be 55 f/g (fibers/gram, hot ashing) and 46 f/g (wet ashing). The difference is statistically not significant. Mesotheliomas contributed 49% (73 patients), non-small cell lung carcinomas 32% (59 patients) to the entire cohort. Eighteen patients had a non-malignant lung disease. Analysis of living habits revealed that 73 (49%) patients were heavy smokers, and 99 (66%) patients had a history of occupational asbestos exposure which lasted for 18 years on average. A statistically significant difference of the asbestos fiber concentration between the group with professional exposure and that without detectable asbestos exposure could be obtained in mesothelioma patients and non-malignant lung diseases only, and a tendency for elevated fiber presence was seen in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. In tissue specimen of patients with non-malignant lung diseases the highest fiber concentration was measured (median 104 f/g) followed by mesothelioma patients (77 f/g), and lung carcinoma patients (62 f/g wet tissue). The difference in the fiber concentration between smokers and ex-smokers versus non-smokers was particularly high in patients with non-malignant lung diseases (103 f/g in smokers versus 33 f/g in non-smokers), still statistically significant in mesothelioma patients (100 f/g smokers versus 61 f/g non smokers), and negligible in lung carcinoma patients (58 f/g smokers versus 62 f/g non-smokers). Only 5/70 mesothelioma patients were not exposed to asbestos at work, and nearly half of the patients (36) were non-smokers. The median survival of mesothelioma patients was significantly shortened for patients with a high intrapulmonal fiber concentration greater than 70 f/g (35 weeks versus 60 weeks). This correlation was also true for lung carcinoma patients (110 weeks versus 230 weeks).
Lung Cancer 1999 May
PMID:Quantitation of asbestos and asbestos-like fibers in human lung tissue by hot and wet ashing, and the significance of their presence for survival of lung carcinoma and mesothelioma patients. 1044 59

After treatment with etoposide, two patients with lung cancer developed interstitial infiltrates and respiratory failure. Of the two, one patient responded rapidly to steroid therapy and developed recurrent symptoms on re-challenge with etoposide. Both patients had histopathologic findings consistent with drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. Etoposide-induced lung disease needs to be considered in patients who develop subacute dyspnea and interstitial infiltrates during treatment with this agent.
Lung Cancer 1999 Nov
PMID:Etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity. 1056 82

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA polymerase that maintains the telomeric region of chromosomes lost during successive rounds of cell division. We used the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay to examine telomerase activity in bronchial lavage (BL) samples from individuals undergoing diagnosis of lung cancer. Telomerase activity was detected in 17 (47%) of 36 samples examined. In particular, 16 (70%) of 23 BL specimens obtained from lung cancer patients showed detectable telomerase activity, while only 1 of 13 (8%) specimens obtained from patients without lung cancer demonstrated activity (P=0.00038). Moreover, 9 (90%) of 10 BL specimens, which were cytologically positive for lung cancer, were also positive for telomerase activity, while 7 (54%) of 13 cytologically negative BL specimens for lung cancer showed detectable telomerase activity. Detection of telomerase activity combined with cytology were able to identify 17 (74%) of 23 lung cancer cases whereas cytology alone identified 10 (43%) of 23 such cases (P=0.035). Our findings indicate that telomerase is a specific marker for malignant lung disease and a potential complementary tool to cytology in the diagnosis of certain lung cancer cases.
Lung Cancer 2000 Apr
PMID:Evaluation of telomerase activity in bronchial lavage as a potential diagnostic marker for malignant lung disease. 1070 7

Several cases of lung cancer lying within giant bullae have been reported in recent years, such that some authors have posited an association between the two diseases. We describe a patient with a diagnosis of giant bulla in the right lung who presented carcinoma of the lung found within the bulla ten years later. After carrying out a MEDLINE (CD-ROM 1980 to 2000) search of the literature, we agree with other authors on the need to follow the course of patients with bullous lung disease in order to detect the possible development of lung cancer and initiate early treatment.
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PMID:[Giant bulla and lung cancer]. 1141 19

The potential of telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein enzyme, as a non-invasive screening marker was studied in pre-bronchoscopy sputum (S), bronchial washings (W) and bronchoscopic biopsy (B) samples from individuals under evaluation for lung cancer. Out of the 52 cases studied, 42 were clinically suspected primary lung cancer patients and 10 had pulmonary disorders but had no clinical evidence of lung cancer. Fifteen (39.5%) S samples, 24 (63.1%) W samples and 32 (84.2%) B samples, which were cytologically/histopathologically positive were also positive for telomerase activity. Interestingly, 16 (42%) S samples, 20 (52.6%) W samples and 20 (52.6%) B samples, initially reported cytologically/histopathologically negative, showed detectable telomerase activity. Lung cancer was finally confirmed in these cases by repeat cytology/histopathology. However, telomerase activity was detected in 31 (81.6%) S, 26 (68.4%) W and 33 (86.8%) B samples of suspected lung cancer patients. Telomerase activity was negative in S, W, and B of four of the suspected cases, which ultimately turned out to be negative for lung cancer. Cytopathology/histopathology alone (including repeat attempts) identified 15 (39.5%) cases of sputum, 24 (63.1%) cases of bronchial washings and 32 (84.2%) bronchoscopic biopsy samples. Out of 10 controls, low telomerase activity was detected in only one (10%) of the bronchial washings, which later turned out to be due to large number of inflammatory cells. Telomerase activity assay of sputum carried sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 81.6, 100 and 86.5%, respectively, while that for bronchial washing was 68.4, 100 and 76.9%, respectively, and for bronchoscopic biopsy samples was 86.8, 100 and 88.1%, respectively. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was seen between age and telomerase activity in sputum, bronchial washing and biopsy samples but no significant correlation was seen between sex and telomerase activity or duration of smoking and telomerase activity. A significant positive correlation was observed between staging and telomerase activity in sputum (P<0.01), bronchial washing (P<0.01) and biopsy samples (P<0.01). Our findings indicate that telomerase is a specific marker for malignant lung disease and can complement cytology/histopathology in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Sputum telomerase assay holds the potential for early and non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2001 Jul
PMID:A comparative study of telomerase activity in sputum, bronchial washing and biopsy specimens of lung cancer. 1142 94


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