Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The differential distribution of a series of antineoplastic agents in metastatic tissues compared to their respective primary tumors has been investigated in one rat and two mouse experimental tumor systems, ie, the intramuscular Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of C57BL/6 mice, which gives rise to spontaneous lung metastases, the intratibial Sarcoma 180 (S180) of CD1 mice, which induces macroscopic metastases to the lymph nodes, and the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma of CD rats, which also metastasizes to the lymph nodes. The results described in this paper show that the concentrations of adriamycin, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide and its alkylating metabolites, hydroxyurea, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and 6-mercaptopurine are much higher in the pulmonary metastases of 3LL and/or in the lymph node metastases of S180 than the concentrations measured in the primary tumor. In the Walker 256 tumor system the distribution of adriamycin appears to follow the same pattern observed for the mouse tumors. Only for methotrexate (in the 3LL tumor) is the difference in the concentrations at the two sites not so evident. These findings are discussed in relation to the comparatively greater sensitivity of metastases to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Differential distribution of antitumor agents in primary and secondary tumors. 58 98

A 76-year-old man with spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma of the lung developed fatal respiratory failure after limited thoracic irradiation at a total dose of 18 Gy. He developed severe pulmonary toxicity, which presented as dry cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates extending beyond the radiation field. Microscopically, a transitional form of squamous to spindle-shaped cells was observed in the primary tumor, located at right S8. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining of spindle cells for keratin, vimentin, and EMA, but not for desmin. These results indicate that the spindle cells had characteristics of squamous epithelial cells, and differed from carcinosarcoma. Distant metastatic lesions were composed of only the spindle cell component.
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PMID:[A case of spindle cell (squamous) carcinoma (WHO) of the lung]. 180 85

A novel antitumor compound, N-[4-(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyloxy)-3-chlorophenyl]-N'-(2-nitrobenzoyl ) urea (HO-221) was evaluated for its antitumor activity in experimental tumor models. HO-221 preparation was given orally to tumor-bearing animals. The compound exhibited significant effects against various tumors such as P388 and L1210 leukemias; M5076 reticulum-cell sarcoma; colon 38 carcinoma; human xenografts MX-1, LX-1, GA-1, and Co-1; Lewis lung carcinoma; sarcoma 180; and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and was especially effective against solid tumors. However, its effect on murine B16 melanoma was moderate. Intermittent administration of HO-221 produced better results. The effects of HO-221 on human tumor xenografts were compared with those of other antitumor agents. HO-221 showed activity against LX-1 lung and Co-1 gastrointestinal tumor and was also effective against advanced-stage L1210 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma. Furthermore, the effect of HO-221 on drug-resistant tumors was examined using murine leukemias L1210 and P388. It showed no cross-resistance with the known antitumor agents Adriamycin (ADM), daunomycin (DM), vincristine (VCR), mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate (MTX), cyclophosphamide (CPA), or carboquone (CQ), and collateral sensitivity to HO-221 was found in MMC-, CDDP-, and CPA-resistant sublines. HO-221 exhibits significant reproducible, broad-spectrum antitumor activity against experimental tumors as well as human neoplasms.
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PMID:Antitumor activity on murine tumors of a novel antitumor benzoylphenylurea derivative, HO-221. 191 78

The metallocene complex bis(cyclopentadienyl)acetonitrilechlorotitanium(IV) tetrachloroferrate(III) [(C5H5)2Ti(Cl)NCCH3]+[FeCl4]- was investigated for antitumor properties against three solid experimental animal tumors (B16 melanoma, colon 38 adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinosarcoma). The growth of all three tumors was inhibited significantly by the titanocene complex. Colon 38 carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma revealed to be more sensitive to the titanocene tetrachloroferrate derivative than solid B16 melanoma, whereby the growth development of the aforementioned tumors was suppressed by 70-76% of control tumor size to T/C ratios amounting to 24-30%. Bis(cyclopentadienyl)acetonitrilechlorotitanium(IV) tetrachloroferrate(III) is representative of ionic titanocene complexes which are generally distinguished by improved water solubility in comparison to neutral metallocene compounds.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of an ionic titanocene tetrachloroferrate derivative against some solid experimental tumors. 275 35

The biodistribution of radiolabelled 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil (2'-FUdR) and 1-(2'-chloro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil (2'-ClUdR) was evaluated using in-vivo and in-vitro tumour models. 6-[3H]-2'-FUdR exhibited a maximum tumour:blood (T:B) ratio (Walker 256 carcinosarcoma) of 1.0 at 15 min after injection whereas 2-[14C]-2'-FUdR and 2'-[36Cl]-2'-ClUdR exhibited maximum T:B ratios (Lewis lung carcinoma) of 3.0 and 4.1 respectively at 120 min. Clearance of blood radioactivity after injection of 6-[3H]-2'-FUdR, 2-[14C]-2'-FUdR and 2'-[36Cl]-2'-ClUdR was rapid and best described by a biexponential function. The clearance half-lives of the short-lived components were calculated as 1.6 min (95.5%), 2.3 min (94.7%) and 1.2 min (96.0%) respectively. The clearance half-lives of the long-lived components were 23 h (4.5%) for 6-[3H]-2'-FUdR, 89 min (5.3%) for 2-[14C]-2'-FUdR, and 49 min (4.0%) for 2'-[36Cl]-2'-ClUdR. Less than 36% of the 14C radioactivity present in the urine 2 h after injection of 2-[14C]-2'-FUdR was associated with 2'-FUdR, whereas greater than 91% of the 36Cl radioactivity in the urine 2 h after injection of 2'-[36Cl]-2'-ClUdR was associated with 2'-ClUdR. Both 6-[3H]-2'-FUdR (less than 3.1 pmol/10(6) cells) and 6-[3H]-2'-ClUdR (1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/10(6) cells) were incorporated into cultured Raji tumour cells in vitro to a lesser extent than the natural nucleosides uridine (137.2 +/- 3.8 pmol/10(6) cells) and 2'-deoxyuridine (23.5 +/- 2.5 pmol/10(6) cells) after a 20 min incubation.
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PMID:Tumour uptake of radiolabelled pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine nucleosides in animal models. IX. Radiolabelled 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil and 1-(2'-chloro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil. 293 14

The antineoplastic properties of alpha-carboline, alpha-carboline hydrochloride, alpha-carboline N-1 methyl iodide and c-6 substituted fluoro-, chloro, nitro- and phenyl-alpha-carboline were studied. None of the compounds proved to be active when tested against i.p. transplanted B16 melanoma or i.m. implanted Lewis lung carcinoma. In addition, alpha-carboline was assessed against i.p. inoculated plasmacytoma MP26 and colon carcinoma 26, and solid tumors of mammary carcinoma 16/C and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Under conditions tested these neoplasms did not respond to alpha-carboline.
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PMID:Antineoplastic activity of azacarbazoles. II. Effect of alpha-carboline and its derivatives on transplantable animal neoplasms. 344 36

A series of hydrazine derivatives was tested for antineoplastic activity. Cyanoacetic acid hydrazide (I), cyanoacetic acid methylhydrazide (II) and N-thioamido-N'-cyano-acethylhydrazine (VI) appeared to be the most active agents against sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma. The maximum tumor weight inhibition ranged from 70 to 90%. N, N'-bis-cyano-acethylhydrazine (IV) and N-isonicotinoyl-hydrazine (VIII) showed significant antitumor activity in Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth Kellner lymphoma systems. None of hydrazine derivatives were active against L1210 leukemia. The most active agents, I, II and VI were further evaluated in leukemia P388, melanoma B16, Lewis lung carcinoma and mammary carcinoma 16/C, and the agent VI was additionally tested in plasmacytoma MP26, colon carcinoma 26 abd Walker carcinosarcoma 256 systems. However, there was no effect with any agent or dose tested against any neoplasm.
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PMID:Antineoplastic activity of new linear hydrazine derivatives. 344 37

Gallium nitrate is the anhydrate salt of the naturally occurring heavy metal. It has demonstrated antitumor activity in a variety of murine tumor models, including Walker carcinosarcoma 256, fibrosarcoma M-89, leukemia K-1964, adenocarcinoma 755, mammary carcinoma YMC, reticulum cell sarcoma A-RCS, lymphoma P1798, and osteosarcoma 124F. Preclinical studies performed in rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys showed the dose-limiting toxicity to be renal. The hepatic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and integumentary systems were also involved. The major route of elimination is the kidneys, with 35%-71% of the infused dose excreted within 24 hours. Three phase I studies suggested the following phase II doses: 700-750 mg/m2 by short infusion, once every 2-3 weeks; 300 mg/m2/day by short infusion for 3 consecutive days, to be repeated every 2 weeks; and 300 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 7 consecutive days, to be repeated every 3-5 weeks. The major organ toxicity reported was renal; however, this can be adequately controlled either by hydration and osmotic diuresis or by use of continuous schedule. (Either maneuver appears to allow delivery of the recommended phase II dose with a less than 30% risk of change in serum creatinine.) In limited phase II evaluation, the drug has shown antitumor activity in patients with either refractory lymphomas or small cell lung carcinoma, with total objective response rates of 28% and 11%, respectively. In addition, it has been effective in the treatment of patients with cancer-related hypercalcemia by having an inhibitory effect on calcium reabsorption from bone. Single-agent phase II studies are planned in all major tumor types. Some are already ongoing in patients with genitourinary malignancies (renal, bladder, prostate, testicular), small cell lung carcinoma, and multiple myeloma. Metabolic studies are in progress at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to further elucidate the mechanism or mechanisms of the hypocalcemic effects.
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PMID:Gallium nitrate: the second metal with clinical activity. 353 51

A total of 189 effusion specimens (100 benign and 89 malignant) submitted for cytologic examination were assayed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by an enzyme immunoassay to determine whether the addition of CEA evaluation to cytologic study would improve the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 90%, respectively, for a cytologic diagnosis of malignancy and 68% and 99%, respectively, for a positive CEA (greater than 5 ng/mL). CEA assay was negative in the most common epithelial malignancies of the female genital tract (15 of 17 cases), mesotheliomas (5), lymphomas (7) and alveolar-cell carcinoma of lung (1). CEA assay was positive in 55 of 89 cases of malignancy, including 14 cases with cytologically negative malignant effusions. The CEA assay sensitivity for lung carcinoma (95% for adenocarcinoma, 100% for oat-cell carcinoma and 100% for carcinosarcoma), breast carcinoma (95%), and gastrointestinal carcinoma (100%) were all over 90%. No significant difference in the levels of CEA was noted between gastrointestinal and lung adenocarcinomas. Oat-cell carcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas had lower values. In cases of an effusion with an unknown primary, an elevated CEA in the fluid is diagnostic of metastatic carcinoma arising from the breast, lung or gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in effusions. A diagnostic adjunct to cytology. 354 90

The data on nature of metastatic spreading of transplantable animal tumours of the Tien-Shan mountains at an altitude of 3200 m above sea level are reviewed. It is shown that the adaptation of mice with Ehrlich adenocarcinoma is followed by the primary tumour growth inhibition and a two-fold decrease of frequency of metastatic spreading into regional lymph nodes as compared with the control animals at sea level. In mountains the activity of metastatic spreading into lungs of Lewis lung carcinoma and Walker carcinosarcoma decreases. In experiments with (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice-hybrids with Lewis lung carcinoma the enhancement of antitumour and antimetastatic effect of the cyclophosphamide is revealed under high-altitude hypoxia influence.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the metastatic spread of transplanted tumors under high-altitude conditions]. 369 98


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