Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deletion mapping of chromosome 3p was performed on 47 cases of human uterine cervical cancer using 24 polymorphic DNA markers including five inter-Alu DNA markers and two NotI-boundary cosmid markers obtained in our laboratory. The most likely order of these 24 polymorphic DNA markers was determined as being cen-[D3S4, H8]-D3S693-D3S659-D3S30-D3S687-[D3S2, UR9, UR47]-J36-J17-GNAI2B-D3F15S2-D3S643- D3S32-D3S23-D3S686-H35-UR189-D3S685-D3S 11 - D3S12-THRB-D3S22-pter, based on the data from radiation hybrid mapping genetic linkage analysis and in situ hybridization. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or more loci on chromosome 3p was detected in 21 of 47 cases (45%). Four tumors showed partial or interstitial deletions, and the common region of LOH in these tumors was 3p13-p21.1 between the D3S30 marker and the D3S2 marker. Candidates for tumor-suppressor genes, APEH, D8, GNA12B, ZNF35, RARB, THRB and RAFI, were all mapped outside of the common region in uterine cervical cancer. However, this region is commonly deleted in carcinoma of the lung, breast and kidney, and encompasses the breakpoint of the (3;8) translocation in hereditary renal cell carcinoma. This result indicates the presence of a novel tumor-suppressor gene in the region of 3p13-p21.1, which is involved in the development of several human cancers.
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PMID:Deletion mapping of chromosome 3p in human uterine cervical cancer. 809 26

The expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was analyzed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells (sarcoma 180, lung carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma cell lines) by means of immunocytochemistry. MDR cell cultures showed an overexpression of AP and a cross-resistance to 6-thioguanine (6-TG, CAS 154-42-7). Significant correlations between AP expression and doxorubicin or vincristine resistance and P-glycoprotein (P-170) expression were found in these cell cultures. A specific AP inhibitor, levamisole, reversed resistance to 6-TG, but not to doxorubicin. This indicates that 6-TG resistance is certainly associated to P-170 but a causal function of AP for the development of MDR does not exist.
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PMID:Increase of alkaline phosphatase in multidrug-resistant tumor cells and their cross-resistance to 6-thioguanine. 826 80

By successive screenings of cDNA libraries prepared from human tumours and from human foreskin keratinocytes, we have isolated overlapping cDNAs coding for a novel protein which we call Ron, with sequence characteristics of a receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Ron is a 1400 amino acid protein structurally similar to the 1408 amino acid product of the C-MET proto-oncogene, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor and scatter factor. The two proteins have 63% overall sequence identity in their intracellular regions. We have localised the RON gene to human chromosome region 3p21, a region frequently deleted in small cell carcinoma of the lung and in renal cell carcinoma, and which is believed to harbour unidentified tumour suppressor genes. Interestingly, normal lung tissue contains transcripts of the RON gene.
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PMID:A novel putative receptor protein tyrosine kinase of the met family. 838 24

Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for solitary brain lesions, and radiation therapy is indicated for metastases only in vital or sensitive regions that cannot be excised without risk of disabling neurologic defects. In these cases, radiosurgery may be an alternative to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. At the Heidelberg linear accelerator-based radiosurgery facility, 69 patients were treated for 102 inoperable brain metastases. The primary tumor sites included non-small cell lung carcinoma (n = 24), renal cell carcinoma (n = 14), melanoma (skin) (n = 14), colorectal carcinoma (n = 6), carcinoma of unknown primary (n = 4), and others (n = 7). Eleven patients were treated for relapse after surgery or after conventional whole-brain irradiation. The doses at the isocenter varied from 15-50 Gy (mean, 21.5 Gy). Ten patients with multiple metastases received a planned combination of whole-brain irradiation plus a single boost of 15 Gy. The median survival time for the entire group was 6 months, with a 1-year-survival of 28.3%. Factors associated with significant improvement of survival were brain metastases without other metastatic disease and good response to radiation therapy. Five of 22 patients (22.9%) with metastases located only in the brain survived longer than 2 years. An improvement in neurologic function was found in 81% within a period of 3 months. With imaging techniques, complete remission was found in 20%, partial remission in 35%, stable disease in 40%, and relapse in 5%. The authors concluded that radiosurgery is an effective and safe therapy for brain metastases. It can be applied as primary treatment, as boost in combination with whole-brain irradiation, or as treatment for patients with relapse in a previously irradiated field.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up for brain metastases treated by percutaneous stereotactic single high-dose irradiation. 843 11

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a major cause of hypercalcemia of malignancy in patients with solid tumors. We measured plasma levels of the protein by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) against PTHrP(53-84) and by an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) against PTHrP (1-86). Of 16 affected patients 7 had elevated PTHrP levels in both assays and 4 had elevated levels in the RIA only. Median levels were about tenfold higher in these patients when measured by RIA (median of 34 versus 2.2 pmol/l). Measurements from both assays were, however, highly correlated with each other in this patient group (P < 0.01). PTHrP was not elevated in 10 normocalcemic patients with lung carcinoma. During long-term follow-up of a patient with a mesothelioma of the pleura, PTHrP levels measured with both assays decreased during chemotherapy in parallel with a normalization of serum calcium. In another hypercalcemic patient suffering from renal carcinoma, PTHrP measured by IRMA decreased by 40% within 12 h after nephrectomy, whereas PTHrP measured by RIA did not show a significant decline. Direct comparison of the assay results thus pointed to the existence of heterogeneity of circulating forms of PTHrP in plasma. In conclusion, both immunoassays detected elevated levels of PTHrP in a fraction of patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy and thus may be a tumor marker during treatment of malignancies.
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PMID:Levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein in hypercalcemia of malignancy: comparison of midregional radioimmunoassay and two-site immunoradiometric assay. 845 57

We have isolated and mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization 80 new cosmids on the short arm of chromosome 3. These markers were isolated from a radiation-reduced hybrid, DM1, made from a cell line that was monochromosomal for human chromosome 3. Selected cosmids were used in double-label cohybridization experiments in which polymerase chain reaction products, generated by an Alu oligonucleotide primer from genomic DNA, were used for chromosome banding. Fifty-six of the cosmid probes map between 3p14.3 and 3p22 while 24 other probes cluster around bands 3p23-3p25. Three probes that appeared to map close to the chromosome 3 region bearing a t(3,8)p14.2; q24.1 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma were analyzed by interphase mapping techniques and hybridized to metaphase spreads from the translocation cell line. These 80 probes will be useful in the elucidation of genetic alterations associated with diseases such as small cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and von Hippel-Lindau disease.
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PMID:Isolation and FISH mapping of 80 cosmid clones on the short arm of human chromosome 3. 848 89

Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies have been used for radioimmunotherapy studies with human tumor spheroids and murine and human tumor xenografts in experimental animals. This paper reviews the work that has been performed in these models with different types of cancer, and highlights those papers that have presented dosimetry estimates and attempts to correlate the findings. Radioimmunotherapy studies in multicell spheroids, as a model for micrometastases, have been performed in human neuroblastoma, colon cancer, and melanoma cell lines using 131I-, 125I-, 186Re-, and 212Bi-labeled antibodies. The uniform geometry of the spheroid has allowed radiation dose estimates to be made. Up to three logs of cell kill have been achieved with 131I- and 186Re-specific antibody with minimal toxicity from labeled nonspecific antibody, but 212Bi-antibody had little effect because of its short half-life as shown by Langmuir. It appears that the two most important factors for therapeutic efficacy in this model are good penetration of the radiolabeled antibody and an adequate radionuclide half-life to allow penetration of the immunoconjugate prior to significant radionuclide decay. Radioimmunotherapy studies in animals bearing transplants of colon cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hepatoma, renal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioma, mammary carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and bladder cancer have been performed with 131I, 90Y, 186Re, 153Sm, and 177Lu beta emitting, and 212Bi alpha emitting radionuclides conjugated to monoclonal antibodies. A few studies compared different radionuclides in the same model system. The approaches that have been used in these studies to estimate tumor dosimetry include the MIRD approach, thermoluminescent dosimetry, autoradiography, and comparison to external irradiation. The majority of investigators have estimated the dose to tumor and normal organs using MIRD-based calculations (time-activity curve and equilibrium dose constant method). The range of tumor doses has been between 17 and 11 171 mGy/MBq of administered radioactivity. The effectiveness of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy depends on a number of factors relating to the antibody such as specificity, affinity, and immunoreactivity. The density, location, and heterogeneity of expression of tumor-associated antigen within tumors will affect the localization and therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled antibodies, as will physiological factors such as the tumor vascularity, blood flow, and permeability. These factors are discussed and examples are presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Experimental radioimmunotherapy. 849 64

Specific antibodies to tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were used in immunohistochemical procedures to determine the distribution of TFPI in normal and neoplastic human tissues. TFPI was restricted to megakaryocytes and the endothelium of the microvasculature in normal and abnormal tissues, but was not found in the endothelium of larger vessels or in hepatocytes. TFPI was also detected in macrophages in the villi of term placenta. Tumor-associated macrophages in several types of malignancy that we have shown previously to express a complete tissue factor-initiated pathway of coagulation and thrombin generation also manifested TFPI. By contrast, malignant cells in small cell carcinoma of the lung, renal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma that we have shown previously to express coagulation factors together with tumor cell-associated fibrin formation failed to stain for TFPI. We postulate that TFPI may be lacking from the latter malignancies because of the absence of the appropriately configured tissue factor-factor VIIa-factor Xa complex required for TFPI binding.
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PMID:Distribution of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in normal and malignant human tissues. 849 49

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) was found to be an active anti-tumor agent in 3 established murine solid tumors: B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma (RenCa). IL-12 was well tolerated over a 100-fold dose range. Only the high-dose treatment of IL-12 resulted in a clear reduction in the number of lung metastases from B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma. Treatment of animals bearing Lewis lung carcinoma with IL-12 in combination with fractionated radiation therapy was markedly dose-modifying, indicating that IL-12 was acting synergistically with radiation. Treatment of animals bearing the same tumor with monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) along with fractionated radiation therapy resulted in a parallel increase in tumor growth delay with increasing dose of M-CSF, indicating that M-CSF was affecting a subpopulation of tumor cells in addition to those killed by radiation therapy. The combination of IL-12 with M-CSF was most effective with radiation therapy, especially in the clinically relevant dosages of 2 and 3 Gy per fraction. By isobologram analysis, IL-12 and M-CSF, along with fractionated radiation therapy, resulted in a greater-than-additive (synergistic) tumor response.
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PMID:In vivo studies with interleukin-12 alone and in combination with monocyte colony-stimulating factor and/or fractionated radiation treatment. 854 1

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have emerged as a valuable indicator for tumor suppressor genes involved in the formation or progression of carcinomas. We here present data indicating that human chromosome 15 harbours a novel putative tumor suppressor gene which appears to play a role during later stages of carcinogenesis and which may be associated with metastasis in breast cancer. In this study, 153 primary and metastatic carcinomas from 101 patients have been analysed for LOH with 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosome 15. The tumors included carcinoma of the lung in 49 patients, breast carcinoma in 29, colorectal carcinoma in nine, renal carcinoma in five, pancreatic carcinoma in five, urinary bladder carcinoma in two and prostate carcinoma and ovarial carcinoma in one patient each. LOH15 was seen in 42/99 (42%) informative patients. In metastatic tumors, LOH15 was observed in 37/68 (54%). High incidences of allelic losses were detected in metastases from lung (56%), breast (70%) and colorectal (67%) carcinomas. In carcinomas of the breast, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in LOH15 frequencies between non-metastatic tumors (11%) and brain metastases (70%). Such a difference was not observed on the chromosomal arm 17p which yielded high proportions of LOH in both non metastatic breast tumor (73%) and breast carcinoma metastases (90%). In 16 patients, interstitial deletions could be detected. The common region of overlap extended from D15S231 to D15S641, thus mapping this putative tumor suppressor gene to chromosome 15q14. Our data indicate that a gene on chromosome 15 contributes to the pathogenesis of metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Evidence for a novel tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 15 associated with progression to a metastatic stage in breast cancer. 864 14


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