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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Testing of delayed hypersensitivity responses to recall antigens, newly encountered antigens and tumor antigens has contributed to the understanding of several immunologic factors in human neoplasia. Patients with Hodgkin's disease tend to have depressed responses to both newly encountered and recall antigens. Patients with solid tumors are more likely to be deficient only in the response to newly encountered antigens. In patients who have intact response to recall antigens, reactivity to antigen preparations from tumor and control tissue may be studied. Tumor-associated or organ-associated antigens have been demonstrated by delayed hypersensitivity responses in leukemia, Burkitt's lymphoma, malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the lung, breast, cervix uteri and intestine. Approaches to a definition of the specificity of these reactions are described. The results with these tumor antigen tests correlate strongly with the clinical course. This is a promising technique for monitoring immunotherapy. The results from tests with recall and newly encountered antigens also correlate with the clinical status and perhaps with prognosis. Various possible interpretations of these changes are discussed. Further work should be directed toward an exact definition of immunologic defects in patients with cancer and toward the use of this understanding for a rational program of immunotherapy.
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PMID:Immunologic evaluation of patients with cancer by delayed hypersensitivity reactions. 12 44

Platelets were suggested to play a specific role in the haematogenous spread of experimental tumours. To test this hypothesis mice were treated with various inhibitors or platelet function (acetyl-salicylic acid, RA 233, bencyclan-, cyproheptadine). The effect of treatment on the development of lung colonies after i.v. tumour cell injection as well as on the formation of spontaneous metastases from the solid Lewis-lung carcinoma was evaluated. A significant increase of lung colonies after pretreatment with the platelet aggregation inhibitors was found. The effect of long term treatment on spontaneous metastasis formation gave equivocal results. The present investigations do not support the importance of the integrity of platelet function as a prerequisite for metastasis formation.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976 Aug 30
PMID:The influence of platelet aggregation inhibitors on metastasis formation in mice (3LL). 13 99

Lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assays were performed in microculture using the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A); the T + B cell mitogens, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphylococcal phage lysate (SPL); and a pool of allogeneic stimulating leukocytes in one-way mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) in lung and breast cancer patients and normal individuals. The resultant data were expressed in three different ways: (1) as mean counts per minute (CPM) of tritiated thymidine incorporation; (2) as a stimulation index (SI) and (3) as a relative proliferation index (RPI). The RPI is defined as the ratio of net CPM (nCPM) in experimental cultures with stimulant (E) minus medium control cultures (C) of a test individual to the mean nCPM of three or more normal individuals examined in the same assay on the same day. These expressions were then compared for their ability to discriminate between LP responses in cancer patients and normal individuals. The RPI value and selected cut-off values gave the most sensitive measure for the determination of depressed proliferative responses. These analyses demonstrated that lung carcinoma patients were depressed to PHA (50%), MLC (47%), PWM (43%) and Con A (40%). To a lesser degree, breast carcinoma patients were also depressed to MLC (36%), PHA (31%), PWM (27%) and Con A (19%). Our data indicate that the use of the RPI in the analysis of LP response represents an improved method for detecting impaired response of lymphocytes to general mitogens and alloantigens which can consistently reveal immunosuppression in many cancer patients and may be useful for serial monitoring of individual patients.
Int J Cancer 1977 Sep 15
PMID:The relative proliferation index as a more sensitive parameter for evaluating lymphoproliferative responses of cancer patients to mitogens and alloantigens. 14 57

This report considers the potential usefulness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) determinations in diagnosis and in prognosis for therapy of patients with carcinoma of the lung but without clinical Cushing's syndrome. The report is based on radioimmunoassay data from 129 patients, including 62 with lung cancers and 67 with nonmalignant pulmonary conditions. Elevated plasma ACTH was found in 21 of 24 patients with untreated cancer and the hormone was detected in tumor extracts and/or bronchial washings from the remaining 3. Elevation of plasma ACTH was found in only 10 of 38 treated patients. Absence of clinical Cushing's syndrome in spite of high plasma ACTH concentrations is explained by the observation that the predominant form of ectopic ACTH in plasma is immunoreactive but nonbioactive 'big' ACTH. Prolonged survival, for longer than 19 months, was observed in only 5 patients: all patients with low plasma ACTH after resection of the lung tumor and 2 of 3 patients with low plasma ACTH without therapy. ACTH was found in all available malignant tissue, primary and metastatic, from the lung carcinoma group,but not in normal lung or in 5 tumors metastatic to the lung. Of the 39 patients diagnosed initially to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14 showed plasma ACTH elevation. However, 3 of these patients with the highest concentrations subsequently manifested carcinoma or carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Ectopic production of big ACTH in carcinoma of the lung. Its clinical usefulness as a biologic marker. 16 43

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
Cancer 1975 Sep
PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

Cellular immune responses of patients with histologically confirmed lung carcinoma were assessed in vivo using cutaneous response and in vitro with a microlymphocyte blastogenic transformation (LBT) assay. In addition, correlation of the cutaneous response with the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay and LBT response was examined. The results indicated that cutaneous responses seen in patients with cancer of the lung were consistently lower than similar responses in normal controls (p less than 0.001). Similarily, the percentage of positive cutaneous responses seen with patients included in this study was lower than the frequencies reported by others. Stimulation of cells from lung cancer patients by PHA-M was also depressed when compared to similar lymphocytic responses in normal volunteers (p less than 0.001). The correlation between cutaneous response to tuberculin and the in vitro assays was high. The few instances of disparity demonstrate the need to utilize more than one assay in evaluating cellular immune functions. These data would support the work of others that indicate a depression of cellular immunity in advanced malignancy.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:Cellular immunity in neoplasia. Antigen and mitogen responses in patients with bronchiogenic carcinoma. 17 58

A brief history is presented outlining the development of pretreatment clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung. All segments of the medical profession are urged to use the pretreatment clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung as presented by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging and End Result Reporting and adopted by the International Union Against Cancer. The results of a retrospective study of clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung compared with postsurgical staging is presented. It is believed that clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung will result in improvement in diagnosis, treatment and understanding of the disease.
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PMID:Pretreatment clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung. 17 65

In a phase II trial the effect of vincristine as a single agent was evaluated in patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The dosage of vincristine was 1.5 mg/m2/week given iv for 4 weeks, followed by 1.5 mg/m2 given every other week with dose modifications according to neurologic tolerance. Nineteen of 27 patients included in the study were evaluable. Objective response was observed in eight patients (42%) including three who were not previously treated and five who were previously treated. The median duration of response was 60 days (range, 21-182 days) with the response always occurring within 4 weeks. This study demonstrates that vincristine is an active agent for small-cell anaplastic carcinoma without cross resistance to CCNU, cyclophosphamide, or methotrexate.
Cancer Treat Rep 1976 Mar
PMID:Vincristine (NSC-67574) in the treatment of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. 17 9

Immunocompetence, as determined by skin reactivity to five microbial antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and percent and absolute number of total T and B rosette-forming cells (RFC), was assessed before and up to 180 days after radiotherapy in 29 patients with carcinoma of the lung. Pretherapy evaluation showed a depressed response to microbial antigens (only 38% positive), to DNCB (50% positive), and lower level of T-RFC. Postradiotherapy determinations were further depressed. Patients with positive pretherapy responses to microbial antigens and DNCB and higher than median absolute numbers at total T-RFC had significantly longer survival. These data suggest that pretherapy immune evaluation is a good prognostic indicator. No prognostic significance was found in B-RFC evaluation. No correlation was seen between the stage of disease (locally advanced or with distant metastases) and the pretherapy immune response.
Cancer 1976 Jun
PMID:Immune evaluation of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. 18 Nov 24

A chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and procarbazine was evaluated in 43 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The majority of patients received radiation therapy of the primary tumor, but chemotherapy alone was utilized in a group of patients with widely disseminated disease. In addition to thorough staging with radioisotope scans and bone marrow biopsies, a study of calcitonin and histaminase as biochemical markers was performed. The BCVP chemotherapy resulted in a complete and partial response rate of 53% when given alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. The survival data are preliminary, but the complete responders do have a statistically significant better survival (mean of + -95 days) than the partial responders and nonresponders. Hypercalcitonemia was not detected in our patients, but elevated histaminase activity was found in eight of 24 patients with small cell carcinoma and in only one of 19 patients with squamous and large cell carcinoma.
Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Management of small cell carcinoma of the lung: therapy, staging, and biochemical markers. 18 55


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