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Query: UMLS:C0684249 (lung carcinoma)
 23,830 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40

The correct classification of carcinoma of the lung is not only of therapeutic and prognostic importance but is also considered to have epidemiological and aetiological significance. Histological tests for mucin are essential in the classification of lung tumours but there is little information available about the influence of the method of detection used on the results of classification. Five established staining techniques were tested using paraffin blocks from surgical specimens of 81 human lung tumours diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, i.e. tumours of WHO Type III. Mowry's alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) technique gave the highest proportion of positives (93%) slightly fewer (90%) being obtained by the PAS technique alone. Both these methods were influenced by the presence of cytoplasmic hyaline globules, structures which cannot be regarded as mucin. The stain recommended by the World Health Organization was also influenced by the presence of hyaline globules, was less frequently positive than the PAS techniques and was considered to have no special advantages. The aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue sequence was positive in only 83% of cases but provided some information about the type of mucin present. Southgate's mucicarmine also detected mucin in only 83% of cases. It was concluded that the apparent incidence of adenocarcinomas may be influenced by staining methods used. Some standardization of technique is desirable and the AB-PAS combination appears to be the most satisfactory.
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PMID:A comparison of different methods of detecting mucin in adenocarcinomas of the lung. 4 91

The in vivo observation that bleomycin may be used as a synchronizing agent provides the basis for testing 4 days of continuous bleomycin infusion followed by 5 days of intensive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Thirty-eight patients with extensive non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (adenocarcinoma[17 patients], squamous cell carcinoma[14 patients], and poorly differentiated carcinoma [seven patients]) were registered for chemotherapy. There were 11 patients with 50% regression of all measurable lesions and four with improved but poorly measurable radiographic lesions, providing a crude response rate of 39% (15 of 38 patients). An overall survival median of 19 weeks compares favorably with Veterans' Administration Lung Cancer Study Group control data, but was not substantially better than our own historical controls (P = 0.15). The median survival for responders was 36 weeks compared to 16 weeks for historical controls (P = 0.001) and 12 weeks for nonresponders (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Bleomycin (NSC-125066) followed by cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), vincristine (NSC-67574), methotrexate (NSC-740), and 5-fllorouracil (NSC-19893) for non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 6 31

Serum levels of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) were assayed on 133 sera during follow-up of 31 patients with lung carcinoma (squamous cell ca. without recurrence : 2, squamous cell ca. with recurrence : 11, anaplastic cell ca. : 4, adenocarcinoma : 2, unclassifiable : 5). Normal creatinine (less than or equal to 12 mg/l) levels were found in all sera. CEA and beta2m levels showed no correlation nor in these groups, nor in the whole. The squamous cell carcinomas with recurrence showed the largest dispersion for CEA as for beta2m levels. However, the trends of serial beta2m values did not correlate with clinical features. Increasing or decreasing levels of CEA and beta2m levels showed no correlation in the whole nor in patients undergoing radiotherapy. In our experience, beta2m levels failed to correlate with clinical findings during the follow-up of lung cancer patients.
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PMID:[Comparison of serum levels of beta2-microglobulin and carcino-embryonic antigen in the follow-up of lung cancer (author's transl)]. 8 84

A phase III study was designed comparing the effectiveness of Hexamethyl-melamine (NSC 13875) to Dibromodulcitol (NSC 104800) in lung carcinoma. 250 of the 316 patients entered on the study were stratified into groups according to stage of disease and cell type. The results showsed Hexamethylmelamine to be more effective in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and slightly superior to Dibromodulcitol in patients with anaplastic/undifferentiated cell carcinoma, whereas Dibromodulcitol proved to be more effective in patients with adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A phase III study in lung carcinoma comparing hexamethyl-melamine (NSC 13875) to dibromodulcitol (NSC 104800) 1,2. 17 41

Three thousand patients with primary carcinoma of the lung entered in the Armed Forces Central Medical Registry are reported. Forty-one per cent had squamous cell, 28.5 per cent adenocarcinoma, 25.2 per cent small cell/undifferentiated, and 4.9 per cent miscellaneous cell types. When first seen, 71.1 per cent had no organ metastases and 50.6 per cent no lymph node metastases. Over-all survival rate was 18.2 per cent at 5 years and 14.5 per cent at 10 years. Survival following definitive resection, palliative resection, definitive radiation, palliative radiation, and chemotherapy was determined both in the presence of mediastinal nodal involvement and in the absence of mediatinal nodal involvement. Where resection for cure could be carried out, 5 year survival rates of 48.8 per cent were possible. The factors affecting this improved outlook in our military population are discussed and, in general, appear to be related to a ready accessibility of medical care and the necessity, because of global commitments, of establishing an early diagnosis. Cell type ecerted some influence on survival, but the major determinant appeared to be the absence of involved nodes at the time of the operation.
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PMID:Results of treatment of primary carcinoma of the lung. Analysis of 3,000 cases. 18 64

One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29 degrees C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large-cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small-cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor-associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor-associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adenocarcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor-associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
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PMID:Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung. 18 17

Daily arginine-vasopressin (AVP) excretion was determined by radioimmunoassay in 60 consecutive cases of untreated lung carcinoma. Control excretion was 61 +/- 34 (SD) in 41 healthy subjects and 50 +/- 38 ng/24 h in 10 patients with chronic lung diseases. Overall 20 out of the 60 cases of lung carcinoma presented with abnormally elevated urinary AVP; In the group with anaplastic oat-cell carcinoma, 15 of 23 had elevated urinary AVP with a mean of 370 +/- 331 (SD) ng/24 h if 2 cases with extremely high values of 11 100 and 55 300 ng/24 h respectively are excluded. None of the 9 patients with large-cell carcinoma had elevated urinary AVP, while only 3 of the 19 cases of epidermoid carcinoma and 2 of the 9 cases of adenocarcinoma had high urinary AVP, with means of 127 +/- 8 and 125 +/- 12 ng/24 h respectively. Plasma osmolality and sodium correlated inversely with AVP excretion. However, only 10 of 23 patients with increased urinary AVP had decreased plasma sodium, although one became hyponatremic 9 weeks later. In one patient AVP excretion normalized after radiotherapy. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone were usually low when urinary AVP was high. Two cases with elevated plasma luteotrophic hormone and another with elevated plasma ACTH, all three presenting with oat-cell carcinoma, were found;
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PMID:[Daily excretion of antidiuretic hormone in bronchial carcinoma]. 19 8

Actomyosin-containing cells in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues of the salivary gland, lung, breast and some other organs were studied by immunofluorescent microscopy using antiactomyosin rabbit serum. In the breast, myoepithelial-like cells with positive immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm were observed not only in sclerosing adenosis and fibroadenoma but also in scirrhous and medullary-tubular duct carcinomas. No positive cells were observed in medullary carcinomas with lymphoid infiltration. The actomyosin positive cells were also seen at the outer layer of tubules of "mixed tumors" and of cell nests in adenoid cystic carcinoma and in myoepithelioma of the salivary gland, but not in the metaplastic squamous cells or in the cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas of "mixed tumor". In carcinoma of the lung, actomyosin-positive cells were observed in adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the bronchial gland type, but they were not seen in squamous cell carcinomas or papillary adenocarcinomas. It was concluded that the actomysoin-containing cells with structural appearances of myoepithelial cells in a variety of tumors were neoplastic myoepithelial cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of actomyosin-containing (myoepithelial) cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues. 21 Jun 18

An unusually high association of other primary cancers (9.7%) was found during the analysis of 403 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the lung diagnosed at DGMC between 1960 and 1975. Incidence by stage included 17.3% for Stage I (75 cases) and 16.9% for Stage II (59 cases). Median survival by stage was not adversely affected by the associated malignancy. Incidence by histologic type was 15.6% for adenocarcinoma (132 cases), 7.7% for epidermoid (130 cases), 1.5% for oat (small cell) (67 cases), 12.5% for large cell (40 cases) and 11.8% for undifferentiated anaplastic type (34 cases). Of 31 cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma, 9 (29%) had second malignancies. Both adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma exhibited decreasing association of second malignances with increasing stage of lung cancer. The head and neck region was the location of the nonlung malignancy in 22 cases and the GU system in 11 cases. Two cases each of colon carcinoma and basal cell skin carcinoma were found and there was one case each of carcinoma of the pancreas, lymphoma and melanoma. The diagnosis of lung cancer was made first in only 3 instances. The appearance of solitary nodules in patients with known malignancy should receive strong consideration for vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Future studies should consider carcinogenic stimuli that may be common etiologic factors in both malignancies.
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PMID:Lung cancer as a second primary. 21


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