Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 58-year-old white male with a history of bronchogenic carcinoma presented with a total retinal detachment overlying a choroidal metastasis. His main tumor burden had been extirpated by pneumonectomy followed by radiation therapy four months prior to admission. With the development of a painful, glaucomatous eye, unresponsive to conventional therapy, enucleation was performed. Histologic examination of the enucleated globe revealed a metastatic tumor to the choroid, consistent with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Aqueous humor and plasma examination revealed elevated ratios (Aqueous humor:Plasma) of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Furthermore, subretinal fluid examination demonstrated concentrations of LDH and PGI higher than aqueous humor. While the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the plasma was normal (less than 2.5 ng/ml) following pneumonectomy, it was 121 ng/ml in the subretinal fluid. This would suggest that a choroidal lesion alone, in the absence of a clinically detectable primary tumor, is insufficient to elevate the plasma CEA.
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PMID:Subretinal fluid examination of LDH, PGI, and CEA in a case of metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma of the choroid. 65 94

A binary logistic model is used for predicting response to cytotoxic chemotherapy for a breast cancer patient on the basis of her tumor enzyme activity profile. The enzymes used in the model are lactate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase, all of which were measured on primary tumor specimens from each patient. The statistical model provides an estimate of the probability that an individual will respond to treatment. Chemotherapeutic treatment consisting of combination cytotoxic drugs and subsequent evaluation of patient response followed cooperative group protocol guidelines, including outside review to confirm the patient evaluation. The model based on this study, which represents 5 years of patient follow-up, correctly predicts clinical outcome in 32 of the 37 cases available.
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PMID:A statistical model for predicting response of breast cancer patients to cytotoxic chemotherapy. 66 49

A human colon epithelial tumor cell line (LS174T) recultured in vitro following passage through hamsters displayed differences in its cell doubling time and synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen when compared with the cells grown solely in vitro. These animal-passaged cells more closely resembled the parent tumor cell line (LS180) derived from the primary tumor than LS174T, the trypsinized variant of LS180. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes indicated that the tumor cells recovered from the hamsters were free of xenogeneic host tissue. Furthermore, LS174T grafted to athymic (nude) mice grew as a mucinous adenocarcinoma microscopically resembling the original tumor. The altered growth potential of LS174T was also demonstrated on confluent feeder monolayers of normal cells and by uninhibited multiplication in vitro. These results suggest that, at least in this one case, short-term passage of long-term cultured cells into xenogeneic hosts may effect a phenotypic reversion such that the cells regain properties observed in the primary tumor and the initial in vitro explant.
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PMID:Human colon adenocarcinoma cells. II. Tumorigenic and organoid expression in vivo and in vitro. 85 38

The purpose of our study was to investigate the interrelationship of known and possible new risk factors in patients with metastatic neuroblastoma and to define groups at risk. The possible influence of 37 variables on event-free survival (EFS) was analyzed univariately in 308 consecutive patients using the Kaplan-Meier estimate. Fifteen factors were identified (p less than 0.05, logrank greater than 3.84) of whom eight showed a nonrandom correlation to several others (chi 2-test, p less than 0.05). Seven noncorrelated factors [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, resectability of the primary tumor, histologic grade, leukopenia, presence of symptoms, general condition, and age at diagnosis] were included in the multivariate analysis of 182 patients according to the Cox model. The variables LDH (p = 0.0007), resectability (p = 0.0063), histologic grade (p = 0.0055), and leukopenia (p = 0.0470) were identified multivariately as prognostic factors for EFS. These results permitted the classification of patients into three prognostic groups. The 6 year event-free survival for group IV-A (LDH normal) was 0.37 +/- 0.12, for group IV-B (LDH abnormal, additional risk factors favorable) 0.18 +/- 0.10, and for group IV-C (LDH abnormal, 1-3 additional risk factors unfavorable) was 0.08 +/- 0.03. We conclude that the proposed clinicopathological classification may prove to be a reliable and easily applicable tool for estimating the outcome of metastatic neuroblastoma in children.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in metastatic neuroblastoma. A multivariate analysis of 182 cases. 151 Jan 89

The response and survival of 26 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer, who received OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy from 1984 to 1990, were evaluated. OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy was comprised sequential treatment via the hepatic artery with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 (1-5 KE), and adoptive transfer of lymphocytes expanded in T-cell growth factor and sonicated tumor extract antigen. Seventeen (65%) patients responded to the therapy. The median survival time of all patients after treatment was 13 months (range, 2-63 months). Of the 20 prognostic factors analyzed, performance status (PS) alone was related to response (P less than 0.01). The response rate of the patients with a PS of 0-2 was 83% but only 25% in those with a PS of 3 or 4. In univariate analysis, 11 factors significantly influenced the survival: tumor response; size of primary tumor; menopausal status; PS; serum bilirubin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxalate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase); the extent of liver involvement; and the number and the proliferation rate of transferred lymphocytes. The MST was 22.8 months for the responders versus 2.8 months for the nonresponders (P less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the most important factor associated with survival was the tumor response, as well as PS, liver involvement, lactate dehydrogenase and albumin. These results suggest that OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy can be considered a candidate for a randomised control study and these factors should be used for stratification.
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PMID:Factors influencing the response and survival of patients with liver metastases from breast cancer receiving OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy. 173 36

Of 33 surgical specimens of osteosarcoma obtained from 24 patients, eight were established as transplantable tumor lines in immune-deprived CBA/CaJ inbred mice. Each line retained the histological characteristics of the corresponding primary tumor and produced human lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. Volume doubling times, which ranged from a mean of 12.3 +/- 5.6 to 39.3 +/- 9.8 days, were stable for individual lines over multiple passages. Flow cytometric analysis indicated similar cellular DNA content values in the primary human tumors and established xenograft lines; the presence of two separate stem lines, as in the original tumors, was observed in the laboratory models. Comparison of two methods of immune deprivation indicated that thymectomy, whole-body irradiation, and bone marrow reconstitution was associated with a higher rate of successful engraftment than was thymectomy, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine treatment, and whole-body irradiation. Bone marrow-reconstituted mice also showed less variability in tumor volume doubling time. We conclude that osteosarcoma can be heterotransplanted into bone marrow-reconstituted mice with a relatively high success rate and that the xenografts retain features characteristic of the tumors of origin. The availability of these models should prove useful in the development of new therapeutic regimens and in understanding the biology of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Development and characterization of pediatric osteosarcoma xenografts. 232 4

Thirty-one children with Burkitt's lymphoma of the head, neck, and maxillofacial region diagnosed between 1976 and 1988 were reviewed. The age range was 2 to 17 years (median, 7.2 years), and 77.4% were males. The most common presenting symptoms were detectable masses, floating and/or painful teeth, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, sore throat, and neurologic signs. The predominant primary tumor sites were the jaws and tonsils. All patients were staged by a clinical staging system, 17 of them having stage I-II, and 14 stage III-IV. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin were the only significant laboratory parameters correlating with initial staging and disease-free survival. Radiologic features in the jaws were poorly circumscribed destructive lytic lesions with migration and crypt destruction of unerupted teeth buds. Complete disappearance of these findings was noted after successful chemotherapy and clinical regression of the tumor. Eighteen (58.1%) patients attained complete remission with a follow-up of 5 to 100 months. Stage was the most significant variable affecting outcome, with 90.2% disease-free survival of stage I patients, 72.4% of stage II, and 18.2% of stage III-IV. Based on these results, it is concluded that localized (stage I and II) Burkitt's lymphoma is responsive to chemotherapy and thus has a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Head, neck, and maxillofacial childhood Burkitt's lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of 31 patients. 235 47

A human hepatoma cell line, associated with thorotrast exposure, from an hepatitis B marker-negative patient was established as a permanent cell line (Mz-Hep-1) in tissue culture. Histology of the primary tumor, as well as phase contrast, transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed typical characteristics of liver cells. Mz-Hep-1 cells secreted complement components (C2, C3, C4), carcinoembryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, chymotrypsin, haptoglobin and retinol-binding protein and expressed HLA-, transferrin-, blood group B-related determinants and complement component C5 and carcinoembryonic antigen on their cell surface. Mz-Hep-1 cells represent the first human hepatoma cell line, which is strongly associated with a carcinogen.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after thorotrast exposure: establishment of a new cell line (Mz-Hep-1). 241 35

We analyzed serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and thymidine kinase (TK) levels in 22 patients with small cell lung cancer. Tumor proliferation was expressed as the proportion of S-phase cells (SPF), determined by DNA flow cytometry, from concomitantly taken biopsy samples. A positive correlation between serum NSE (r = 0.41) or LDH (r = 0.65, p = 0.05) levels and tumor SPF was noted, but was not found between serum TK levels and the SPF. The correlation between NSE and SPF was even more pronounced if only patients with extensive disease were considered (r = 0.77). The serum NSE and LDH, but not TK levels, were significantly greater in the patients with extensive disease (NSE 50.4 ng/ml, LDH 621 U/ml) compared to the patients with limited disease (NSE 21.0 ng/ml, LDH 272 U/ml, p = 0.05). Our results suggest that the combined determination of serum LDH and NSE levels gives valuable data on the primary tumor mass and its proliferative activity in small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Correlation between serum tumor marker levels and tumor proliferation in small cell lung cancer. 284 99

The occurrence of liver metastases was evaluated by ultrasonic scanning and correlated with prognostic factors, pattern of metastases, clinical examination, biochemical liver function tests from serum, and liver biopsy specimens in 394 consecutive evaluable patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. Fifty-nine patients (15%) had a positive scan, and liver metastases were the only sign of recurrent disease in 11 of these patients. The presence of liver metastases was not associated with age, menopausal status, size of the primary tumor, regional lymph node status, or the length of the recurrence-free interval; but patients with liver metastases were significantly closer to the menopause than those without (P = 0.02). The diagnostic value of clinical examinations was comparable to that of serum bilirubin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) analyses, but was significantly better than alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Analysis of serum AP was not a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of liver metastases, since it was elevated in 58% of the patients with bone metastases, and since metastases in this site were found in one third of the patients without liver metastases. If all four tests were negative, liver metastases were excluded in 99% of the patients, and if more than two of the four tests were positive, liver metastases were found in 95%. Valid (greater than 80%) diagnosis of liver metastases by serum LDH or serum ASAT alone, required an elevation of three or five times the upper normal limits, respectively. Thirty-nine patients with positive ultrasonography results underwent biopsy. The ultrasonographic diagnosis could not be confirmed histologically in three patients (8%). If ultrasonic scanning had not been performed routinely, only one of 213 patients (0.5%) with soft tissue metastases would have been offered local therapy rather than systemic treatment. These data suggest that ultrasonic scanning of the liver should not be a routine diagnostic tool in examination of patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. However, whenever indicated by clinical signs or elevated blood tests, scanning should be performed to confirm the presence of liver metastases, particularly in patients entering therapeutical trials, since liver metastases demonstrated by ultrasound examinations may serve as a measurable parameter.
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PMID:Incidence and methodologic aspects of the occurrence of liver metastases in recurrent breast cancer. 354 42


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