Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Important tumour markers in tumours of the oral mucosa and salivary glands are intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton, oncofetal and proliferative antigens, lectin receptors and blood group substances, enzymes, metalloproteins and viral antigens. The special occurrence of the following tumour markers was demonstrated: keratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), lectins (helix pomatia antigen = HPA, peanut agglutinin = PNA), Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen, blood group substances A and B, amylase, lactoferrin, viral antigens of papilloma virus (group 11 and 16). In oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas, relationships exist between the presence of keratin filaments and cell differentiation. Lectins represent membrane-orientated markers of differentiation. A loss of blood group substances A and B can be observed in oral dysplasias. Papilloma viruses and viral antibodies can be demonstrated in papillomas, leukoplakias and carcinomas. The salivary gland tumours show a distinct pattern of distribution for keratin, vimentin, CEA, TPA, metalloproteins and enzymes. Transplanted human salivary gland tumours in athymic nude mice keep the same tumour marker profile as in the primary tumor.
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PMID:The importance of tumor markers in oral pathology. II. Cell membrane and cytoplasmic antigens as tumour markers. 404 Jun 31

The intestinal carcinoid tumors of 26 patients were stained for the presence of serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin, motilin, secretin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, ACTH, and neurotensin. Argentaffin and argyrophil stains were also performed in all cases. Thirty-five separate tumors (counting metastases and multiple primaries) from the 26 patients were studied. Serotonin was present in 30 of the 35 tumors. Nineteen tumors contained serotonin only. Fourteen tumors contained multiple neuroendocrine products. One tumor contained gastrin only. One tumor did not stain immunohistochemically, but was argyrophilic. Metastatic deposits were studied in nine patients. Some metastases produced the identical neuroendocrine products as the primary tumor, whereas others produced either additional or fewer hormones than the primary tumor. Moreover, different metastases from the same primary tumor were observed to produce different hormones. Argyrophilic cells were present in all cases and were much more numerous than cells staining by immunohistochemistry. Argyrophilic cells probably contain monoamines and polypeptide hormones in addition to those studied in this series. The argyrophil stain was the best general stain in this study for the demonstration of neuroendocrine cells. Argentaffin staining was negative in ten cases that were serotonin positive and two argentaffin positive cases were serotonin negative. The carcinoid syndrome, as clinically defined by the presence of flushing and diarrhea, was noted in five patients, all of whom had serotonin-containing small bowel carcinoids. Endocrine-related symptoms were not clinically appreciated in the remaining patients.
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PMID:The neuroendocrine products of intestinal carcinoids. An immunoperoxidase study of 35 carcinoid tumors stained for serotonin and eight polypeptide hormones. 618 28

Since the adhesive interaction between tumor cells and host cells, or extracellular matrix (ECM), presumably plays a crucial role in metastatic formation, we used synthetic or recombinant polypeptide analogues, poly (RGD), CH-271 or SCM-chitin-RGDS based on Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. Poly (RGD) effectively inhibited the experimental lung and liver metastasis when coinjected i.v. with different types of tumors. In a spontaneous lung metastasis model using B16-BL6 melanoma, multiple administrations of this polypeptide, before or after surgical excision of the primary tumor, resulted in significant inhibition of tumor metastasis. The mechanism responsible for the inhibition is partly associated with the ability to interfere with cell functions such as adhesiveness, motility, and invasiveness in the process of metastasis. CH-271 fusion polypeptide was much more effective in inhibiting lung or liver metastasis of tumors than cell-binding domain (C-274) or heparin-binding domain (H-271) polypeptides. SCM-chitin-RGDS conjugate significantly reduced the number of tumor colonies in the lungs by coinjection with Colon 26 carcinoma as compared with either RGDS or SCM-chitin alone. Since the polypeptides derived from cell adhesion molecules showed no toxicity to the host, they may provide a promising approach for the control of cancer metastasis.
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PMID:[Inhibition of tumor metastasis by synthetic peptide analogues of cell-adhesive RGD sequence of fibronectin]. 763 3

Tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 (IIF-2) is a polypeptide of 21 amino acids which binds to the surface of tumor cells and inhibits experimental invasion in vitro. An albumin conjugate of IIF-2 was used to examine its potential as an antimetastatic compound. The conjugate inhibits in vivo lung metastasis of various highly metastatic tumor cells, including murine melanoma, colon adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, forestomach carcinoma, and human fibrosarcoma. In addition to the anti-lung metastasis activity of this compound, it also showed the inhibitory effects on liver and spleen metastasis of murine T-lymphoma cells. A single administration of the conjugate with melanoma cells resulted in prolonged survival times, and their lung colonization was also inhibited when the conjugate was administrated i.v. at times ranging from 6 h before to 1 h after tumor cell inoculation. Similarly, i.p. administration 1 h prior to melanoma cell injection suppressed lung colonization. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the conjugate was more stable than IIF-2 peptide alone. Approximately 10% of the conjugate remained circulating 2 h postinjection and persisted 20 h without degradation, compared with rapid clearing of the unconjugated IIF-2 peptide within 5 min. Furthermore, spontaneous lung metastasis of murine melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell was inhibited by successive i.p. administration of the conjugate before the removal of the primary site, with no effect on primary tumor growth. The conjugate significantly reduced tumor cell arrest in the lung and both the IIF-2 peptide and its conjugate demonstrated potent inhibition of basal as well as cytokine-induced-stimulated tumor cell motility. These results suggest that one mode of IIF-2 action may be inhibition of the extravasation of metastasizing cells which have arrested in a target organ, and that the IIF-2-albumin conjugate may be a potent antimetastatic substance with utility in the prevention of artificial seeding of tumor cells during surgical removal of the primary lesions as well as inhibiting metastasis from established metastases.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 and its conjugate on disseminating tumor cells. 811 15

We have established a human gastric scirrhous carcinoma cell line (designated as HSC-43) in a serum-free chemically defined medium (CDM) without any polypeptide growth factor, from a primary tumor of a 56-year-old male patient. HSC-43 cells grew in vitro in adherence with a population doubling time of 55 hr, and had the cytological properties of mucinous epithelial tumor cells. Cytogenetic analysis of the cells revealed pseudotetraploidy, with structural abnormalities of deletion at chromosome Iq25 and with 3 marker chromosomes. Some cells had retained features of signet-ring cells and caused fibroblastic proliferation when transplanted into athymic nude mice. The possible involvement of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and its receptor, the epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFR), on the growth of HSC-43 cells was studied. Synthesis and secretion of TGF-alpha by HSC-43 cells were confirmed by biological assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Radioreceptor analysis showed the presence of receptors for EGF in HSC-43 cells. Proliferation of HSC-43 cells was inhibited by antibodies against TGF-alpha and/or the EGFR. However, neither TGF-alpha nor epidermal growth factor (EGF) was effective in stimulating the cell growth of HSC-43 cells, irrespective of the cell density when supplemented exogenously. Our data suggest that TGF-alpha and EGFR play a role in the autocrine growth of HSC-43 cells. This may be another example of growth regulation of gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human gastric scirrhous carcinoma cell line in serum-free chemically defined medium. 838 62

We describe a gastric carcinoma cell line that has been maintained in vitro for more than 10 years and retains the capacity to produce a large amount of alpha-fetoprotein. This cell line was isolated from a metastatic lymph node of a 63-year-old male patient with advanced gastric carcinoma (T2N3P0H0M0) who showed high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein. The primary tumor was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and the lymph node was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma without any particular pattern. The cultured cells grew as densely packed islet-like colonies with small polygonal cells. Electron microscopy revealed cells abundant in cytoplasmic organelles, with some cellular attachments being tight with junctional complexes and some being loose across intercellular spaces. The free cell surface had microvilli. The population doubling-time was 152 h at passage 58. Chromosomal analysis revealed the modal number to be 77, with numerous karyotype abnormalities. The tumorigenicity of the cultured cells in athymic nude mice was positive only when they were subcutaneously transplanted beneath a plastic plate, but when the cells were transplanted subcutaneously or administered by intrasplenic injection in intact or weakly irradiated nude mice, no tumorigenicity was shown. The cell line produced tumor-associated antigens, such as alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and tissue polypeptide antigen. This cell line may be useful for comparative studies of different types of gastric carcinoma and alpha-fetoproteins of different origins.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma: biological properties of a cultured cell line. 857 30

Since the adhesive interaction between tumor cells and host cells, or extracellular matrix (ECM), presumably plays a crucial role in metastatic formation during a series of complex events, we used synthetic or recombinant polypeptide analogues, poly(RGD) or CH-271-based on Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) sequence or functional domains in fibronectin. Use of these analogues regulated the mechanisms involved in cell adhesion during the metastatic process. Poly(RGD) effectively inhibited the experimental lung and liver metastasis when coinjected i.v. with different types of tumors. In a spontaneous lung metastasis model using B-16-BL6 melanoma, multiple administrations of this polypeptide, before or after surgical excision of the primary tumor, resulted in significant inhibition of tumor metastasis without affecting the growth of the primary tumor. Further, it substantially prolonged the survival time of mice. The mechanism responsible for the inhibition of tumor metastasis by the polypeptides is partly associated with the ability to interfere with cell functions such as adhesiveness, motility, and invasiveness in the cellular adhesive process of metastasis. The combination of CH-271 fusion polypeptide and anticancer drugs, i.e., anti-adhesion therapy and chemotherapy, caused a dramatic inhibition of lung and liver metastasis of tumors when compared with either treatment alone, or in the control. Since the polypeptides derived from cell adhesion molecules showed no short-term toxicity to the host, they may provide a promising approach for the control of cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Prevention of cancer metastasis in mice with fibronectin-related substances. 898 70

Dimorphous cancer of the lung with predominantly peripheral localization was diagnosed in 9 (1.2%) out of 716 patients operated for lung tumor in 1986-1995. The blood-serum levels of neuron-specific enolase, tissue polypeptide antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoptotein, CA 19-9 and CA-125 carbohydrate antigens and total activity of alkaline phosphatase were assayed in all the patients before surgery. The study showed an 1.5-times increase in CEA concentration in 5 cases, with primary tumor size being 5 cm and more.
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PMID:[Dimorphous cancer of the lung]. 921 24

Serum levels of CA 15-3, mucinous-like cancer antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) have been determined in 99 patients with T2-4 N0-1 M0 breast cancer (BC) before and after primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and after surgery. As a whole, no difference in marker levels was apparent according to tumor and patient characteristics, with the only exception of TPS values, which showed an inverse relationship with the histologic grade. Serum marker levels did not substantially change with respect to baseline either after chemotherapy, despite the high response rate obtained, or after surgery. These data indicate a limited contribution of the primary tumor to the serum marker levels and are consistent for the scarce usefulness of marker evaluation in BC patients with an early stage of disease. Interestingly, pretreatment elevated CA 15-3 levels were correlated with a higher recurrence rate, further supporting the prognostic significance of this tumor marker.
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PMID:Influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on serum tumor markers CA 15-3, MCA, CEA, TPS and TPA in breast cancer patients with operable disease. 927 30

The adhesive interaction between tumor cells and host cells or the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in metastasis formation. Therefore, understanding the mechanism controlling metastasis may assist in the development of antimetastatic therapy. We have used synthetic or recombinant polypeptide analogues containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence found in the functional domains of fibronectin, such as poly(RGD) or CH-271, to regulate the mechanisms involved in cell adhesion during the metastatic process. Poly(RGD) inhibited experimental lung and liver metastasis effectively when coinjected i.v. with various types of tumors. In a model of spontaneous lung metastasis using the B16-BL6 melanoma, repeated administration of this polypeptide before or after surgical excision of the primary tumor resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor metastasis without affecting the growth of the primary tumor and substantially prolonged the survival time of mice. The mechanism responsible for the inhibition of tumor metastasis by the polypeptides is at least partly associated with the ability to interfere with cellular functions such as adhesiveness, motility and invasiveness in the process of metastasis. Combined treatment of the CH-271 fusion polypeptide and anticancer drugs, i.e., anti-adhesion therapy combined with chemotherapy, caused a marked inhibition of lung and liver metastasis of tumors as compared with either treatment alone or with the control. In contrast, the promotion of tumor cell interaction with immune cells via cell adhesion molecules, which differs from the anti-adhesive mechanism, may lead to the induction of anti-tumor immune responses and, consequently, to the inhibition of tumor metastasis. The transfection of the gene of the B7-1 adhesion molecule into tumor cells (B16-BL6 or K1735-M2 melanoma) resulted in the remarkable reduction of lung metastasis caused by the i.v. injection into mice. Immunization of B7-transfected tumor was effective as a tumor vaccine for preventing the metastasis of B7 negative original tumor cells. Thus, the regulation of the adhesive interaction with tumor cells may provide a new and promising approach for the control and prevention of cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Cell adhesion molecules and cancer metastasis. 943 54


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