Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This case report concerns an endodermal sinus tumor (EST) arising in the pineal region of a 16-year-old boy who died 3 months after radiation. He developed extensive abdominal metastases through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, whereas the primary tumor and a suprasellar metastasis could be controlled by radiotherapy, demonstrated by autopsy. The histologic diagnosis was supported by an elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein in serum and the demonstration of this marker in the tumor tissue by immunoperoxidase method. The poor diagnosis of all previously reported cases with pineal EST requires a combined modality of surgical approach, radiotherapy, and concomitant chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region. Metastases through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. 674 18

In October 1988, a 19-year-old man was admitted with complaint of chest pain. Chest X-ray film and CT scan of the chest revealed a large mediastinal mass and several bilateral pulmonary nodules. Serum hCG and alpha-fetoprotein levels were 5096.0 mIU/ml (normal < 2.0) and 2176.9 ng/ml (normal < 10), respectively. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the mediastinal tumor disclosed an immature teratoma. The patient had normal testes on physical examination. CT scans of the brain and abdomen, and radioisotope scanning of the bones showed no abnormality. He was diagnosed as having a primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (mixed cellular type) with pulmonary metastasis. On October 31, induction chemotherapy was started with PVB regimen: cisplatin 20 mg/m2 administered intravenously (i.v.) on days 1 through 5 every three week (three courses), vinblastine 0.15 mg/kg i.v. on days 1 and 2 every three weeks (three courses), and bleomycin 30 mg administered by i.v. push (starting on day 7) weekly x 9. Following the chemotherapy, serum alpha-fetoprotein fell to the normal range. Serum hCG decreased rapidly but did not reach the normal range. On January 7, 1989, en bloc resection of the residual primary tumor was performed which involved partial pericardiectomy and wedge resection of the left upper lobe. Four residual pulmonary nodules were also removed. Histologically, the surgical specimen was composed of fibrous, necrotic tissue mainly and immature teratoma partially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Successful treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy operation for mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with pulmonary metastasis]. 827 22

We describe a gastric carcinoma cell line that has been maintained in vitro for more than 10 years and retains the capacity to produce a large amount of alpha-fetoprotein. This cell line was isolated from a metastatic lymph node of a 63-year-old male patient with advanced gastric carcinoma (T2N3P0H0M0) who showed high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein. The primary tumor was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and the lymph node was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma without any particular pattern. The cultured cells grew as densely packed islet-like colonies with small polygonal cells. Electron microscopy revealed cells abundant in cytoplasmic organelles, with some cellular attachments being tight with junctional complexes and some being loose across intercellular spaces. The free cell surface had microvilli. The population doubling-time was 152 h at passage 58. Chromosomal analysis revealed the modal number to be 77, with numerous karyotype abnormalities. The tumorigenicity of the cultured cells in athymic nude mice was positive only when they were subcutaneously transplanted beneath a plastic plate, but when the cells were transplanted subcutaneously or administered by intrasplenic injection in intact or weakly irradiated nude mice, no tumorigenicity was shown. The cell line produced tumor-associated antigens, such as alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and tissue polypeptide antigen. This cell line may be useful for comparative studies of different types of gastric carcinoma and alpha-fetoproteins of different origins.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma: biological properties of a cultured cell line. 857 30

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric liver tumor. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatoblastoma are unknown. Cell lines can be valuable tools in the study of tumor biology, but only few hepatoblastoma cell lines have been established. We explanted tumor tissue from human hepatoblastomas to generate cell lines. A continuous cell line (HepT1) was established from a human hepatoblastoma with predominant embryonal differentiation. The HepT1 cell line was characterized by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetics, and molecular genetic analysis. In addition, the cultured cells were xenografted into nude mice and the resulting tumors compared with the original tumor. The cells grew in epithelial clusters, and expressed cytokeratins and alpha-fetoprotein. Injection of HepT1 cells into nude mice gave rise to serially transplantable subcutaneous tumors. The cell line as well as the xenotransplants displayed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the primary tumor. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated desmosomal junctions and the formation of bile canaliculi. Cytogenetic analysis showed a near tetraploid karyotype with structural and numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1p, 6, 9, 11q, 13q, 15p, and 20 and both single and double minute chromosomes. In PCR-based microsatellite analysis of chromosome arm 11p, a loss of heterozygosity at all informative loci including the WT-1 and IGF2 genes was detected. Intratumoral erythropoiesis, a characteristic feature of hepatoblastomas, was present in the primary tumor as well as in HepT1 xenotransplants. We therefore studied the expression of erythropoietic cytokines in these cells and found both erythropoietin and stem cell factor. The HepT1 cell line displays characteristic cellular and molecular features of hepatoblastoma and we believe it will be a valuable tool for studies on the biology and pathogenesis of hepatoblastoma as well as on the differentiation of hepatocyte progenitor cells.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the continuous cell line HepT1 derived from a human hepatoblastoma. 860 90

Antemortem diagnosis of inferior vena cava (IVC) and cardiac metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult but important before consideration of curative resection. There are only a few cases of cardiac metastasis of HCC which have been diagnosed antemortem by echocardiography. Accordingly, 18 consecutive patients with HCC who were potential candidates for curative resection were studied by transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). One (6%) and two (11%) patients had cardiac and IVC metastasis of HCC, respectively, which was detected by two-dimensional TTE. In contrast, by using TEE, four patients (22%) showed tumor invasion of the IVC, of whom two (11%) had tumor mass extending into the right atrium (RA). There was no significant difference in age, serum level of alpha-fetoprotein, and percentage of right liver lobar involvement between those with and without cardiac metastasis. Patients without cardiac metastasis detected on TTE or TEE had significantly longer mean duration of survival (5.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.0 months; p < 0.05). In summary, TEE may be more useful than TTE in the detection of cardiac metastasis of HCC, which occurred in 22% of patients whose primary tumor was considered to be surgically resectable in our series. This can be safely performed in patients with HCC and can provide optimal visualization of the IVC and RA. The high prevalence of subclinical cardiac metastasis in HCC mandates the use of TEE in all patients with HCC prior to surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of inferior vena cava and cardiac metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 867 58

Malignant germ cell tumors account for about 3% of neoplasms in children, and endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is the most common histological subtype. The authors reviewed 22 years' experience (at their institution) in the management of 37 patients with this tumor. Fifteen of them (41%) had a sacrococcygeal primary, 10 had a testicular tumor (27%), 6 had an ovarian tumor (16%), 3 had a vaginal tumor (8%) and 3 had tumors at other sites (8%). Seven (19%) patients presented with metastatic disease, primarily pulmonary. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was elevated in all cases tested. The initial chemotherapy regimen included vincristine, actinomycin, cyclophosphamide (VAC), and Adriamycin (6 patients), but since 1985 the regimen has been changed to include cisplatin or Carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (21 patients). Eight patients with testicular tumors initially were treated with surgical excision alone. Computed tomography results were a poor predictor of recurrence, but AFP surveillance was extremely sensitive. No second-look operation detected residual tumor in the absence of AFP elevation. Initial relapse for all patients tended to occur early (within 2 years), locally, and often with pulmonary metastases. Although historically the prognosis for patients with EST has been poor, the overall 2-year survival rate in this series was 70%. The best prognosis was among the children who had a testicular primary tumor (survival rate, 100%). The 2-year survival rate for patients with ovarian tumors was 67%; for those with sacrococcygeal primaries it was 60%. These results suggest that the prognosis for children with EST has improved significantly over the past decade. Contributing factors include therapy based on cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin, and relapse surveillance with serial AFP determinations. Second-look procedures should be reserved for patients who have an increasing level of serum AFP, suspicious computed tomography findings, and no obvious evidence of metastatic disease.
 ...
PMID:Endodermal sinus tumor in children. 886 37

We established a xenograft line of human teratocarcinoma (TC-1) and characterized the pluripotency of differentiation of the neoplastic cells. A teratocarcinoma specimen obtained from a primary mediastinal lesion (22-year-old male patient) was inoculated subcutaneously into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The carcinoma formed tumors in the mice. We established a xenograft line by serial passage of the tumor in vivo. The primary tumor was composed of papillary and pseudoglandular nests of highly atypical epithelial cells with foci of glomeruloid structures. The metastatic cells showed apparent production of mucin and differentiation to striated muscle. The xenograft line TC-1 retained the basic histopathological features seen in the primary and metastatic cells. The xenograft line showed focal differentiation to cartilage through serial passages. Immunohistochemical studies with anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) demonstrated positive immunoreactivity on the TC-1 cells. Serum AFP levels were also elevated in the TC-1-bearing SCID mice. The human teratocarcinoma xenograft line TC-1 will be useful for studying the differentiation mechanism in human totipotent stem cells.
 ...
PMID:A xenograft line of human teratocarcinoma established by serial transplantation in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. 916 70

We describe extensive placental involvement by hepatoblastoma in a 2600 g, 33-week estimated gestational age (EGA) hydropic female fetus with the hepatoblastoma otherwise limited to the liver. The placenta weighed 1190 g and histopathologic examination revealed diffuse tumor emboli in chorionic villous vessels. The placental tumor exhibited a cytologic appearance similar to the primary tumor and showed strong alpha-fetoprotein staining. Although unusual, other congenital tumors, including neuroblastoma and leukemia, have also been described metastatic to the placenta. This case emphasizes the important role of careful histopathologic examination of the placenta which, combined with immunohistochemistry and clinicopathologic correlation, may establish a diagnosis and possibly obviate the need for invasive neonatal diagnostic procedures.
 ...
PMID:Placental involvement in congenital hepatoblastoma. 972 42

Since 1990, 230 operations for focal pathologies in the liver have been carried out at the Center's clinics using such advanced procedures and equipment as radio-isotope examination of hepatic function, ultrasonography of the liver during surgery, ultrasound aspirator, water-flow scalpel, argon coagulator and adhesive dressing materials. The study included 75 resections for primary hepatic tumor (lethality-14.6%), 114 resections-disseminated tumor (lethality-5.2%) and 41 resections for benign tumors and non-tumor pathologies (no lethality). Preoperative chemotherapy was found to significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications in cases of liver resection. Five-year survival in such patients with primary tumor was 33.3%. The seven most significant prognostic factors in primary hepatic carcinoma were: portal invasion by tumor cells, number of tumor nodes in the liver, alpha-fetoprotein concentration, tumor node size, concomitant cirrhosis, age and extent of surgery. In patients with hepatic resection for solitary metastasis of the large bowel, 5-year survival was 28.6%. A regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy for solitary metastasis of colorectal cancer into liver is suggested. The data on 37 surgical patients with hepatic metastasis of non-colorectal cancer are presented. It was demonstrated that the liver should be resected in cases of solitary metastasis of renal carcinoma, adrenal gland, ovary, tests, breast, gallbladder and carcinoid.
 ...
PMID:[Current approaches to surgical treatment of liver tumors]. 988 20

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure and death in cancer patients. The present study was designed to extrapolate the association of nm23 expression with acquisition of metastatic potential of gastric carcinoma with special reference to the alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma (APGC). The primary tumor with surrounding normal mucosa and metastatic lymph nodes of 30 patients with APGC and 29 randomly selected matched controls of non-AFP gastric carcinoma (NAGC) were immunostained for nm23 and an image analyzer system was used for quantitative evaluation. Overexpression of nm23 was noted in 71% (42/59) of the primary tumors and 18% (10/55) of the metastatic tumors and there was no difference between the APGC and NAGC groups. The overexpression of nm23 in the primary tumors correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis and progression in all cases and similar results were obtained in the APGC and NAGC groups except for the tumor stage which was insignificant in the APGC group. The patient survival was adversely affected by the overexpression of nm23 in the primary sites and downregulation in the metastatic sites in all cases but lost their significance in the multivariate analysis. However, nm23 status did not affect patient survival in the APGC group.
 ...
PMID:nm23 in the primary and metastatic sites of gastric carcinoma. Relation to AFP-producing carcinoma. 994 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>