Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 170 consecutive patients with testicular germ cell tumors (88 seminomas and 82 non-seminomas) had preoperative serum samples and primary tumor tissue examined for the presence of the tumor markers, alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by immunologic techniques. Staging was performed, using a clinico- radiological system, i.e., stage I, tumor confined to testis; stage II, metastases to abdominal lymph nodes only: stage III, metastases to supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes and/or extranodal disease. Seminoma:all 36% had stage II+III disease. 55% of the patients with AFP had localized disease, and 45% had stage II+III. The frequency of patients with stage I non-seminoma with raised serum HCG was 63% compared to 37% in stage II+III. Within the group of HCG-positive non-seminomas, 60% were in stage I and 40% in stage II. Since a high frequency of patients with metastatic disease did not occur among the patients with AFP or HCG in preoperative serum samples or in primary tumor tissue, we conclude that neither AFP nor HCG are especially associated with metastatic properties. The higher frequency of patients with raised serum values among all patients with metastatic disease compared to localized disease may only reflect a greater tumor burden.
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PMID:Tumor markers in testicular germ cell tumors related to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. 619 49

We report on a 16-year-old boy with metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma, increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and profound hyperthyroidism bordering on thyroid storm. Hyperthyroidism was secondary to elevated human chorionic gonadotropin, with a thyroid-stimulating hormone effect. Management consisted of suppressive therapy for the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis until chemotherapy achieved control of the primary tumor and elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin. Review of the urological literature demonstrated a lack of recognition of this potentially serious paraneoplastic syndrome and its management.
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PMID:Metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma and secondary hyperthyroidism: case report and review of the literature. 812 94

Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a rare disease. Most benign cases of this disease show a few mitotic figures of the tumor while recurrent cases usually have more than 5 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. The present case was primarily treated by hysterectomy and chemotherapy and had 2 mitoses in 10 high-power fields. After 1 years and 4 months of therapy the patients was diagnosed as ovarian metastasis because of gradually increasing serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level and abnormally high fluid levels of beta-hCG and human placental lactogen (hPL) punctured from her cystic ovarian tumor. This recurrent case was further treated with another regimen of chemotherapy for 7 courses, and the serum beta-hCG level had decreased at present. This report describes the recurrent case and discusses the histology of a few mitotic figures, electron microscopic findings, and results of the DNA fingerprint analysis of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Recurrent placental site trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and DNA fingerprint study. 855 34

Approximately 10-15% of patients with stage 1 pure seminoma of the testis have an elevated preorchiectomy serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin level [1-4]. The prognostic significance of this elevation is unknown. We performed a multi-institutional retrospective review of 332 men with stage I pure seminoma of the testis and evaluated the prognostic significance of this elevation and the prognostic value of local invasion of the primary tumor. Twenty-five of 191 evaluable patients (13%) had elevated preorchiectomy beta human chorionic gonadotropin. All normalized postoperatively and are alive without evidence of disease with a median follow-up of 50 months (range 1-124 mo). Of 191 patients, 190 (99.5%) are alive and free of disease. One patient underwent salvage chemotherapy for a chest recurrence, and he is alive and free of disease at 72 months. We conclude that elevated preorchiectomy serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin level and local invasion of the primary tumor do not portend a poor prognosis in patients with clinical stage I pure seminoma of the testis.
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PMID:Prognostic value of BHCG and local tumor invasion in stage I seminoma of the testis. 860 44

Tissue specimens from the primary tumor and metastasis (histological examination: cystadenocarcinoma) of two postmenopausal women were cut into pieces and were incubated or superfused for 3- to 4-hr periods. The incubation and superfusion procedures were performed in the absence and presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 10 IU/ml). After incubation, the medium concentrations of progesterone (P), testosterone (T), androstendione, and 17beta-estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay, while after superfusion the medium concentrations of cyclic AMP (cAMP), P, T, and E2 were analyzed. HCG stimulated the production of cAMP in the superfused tissue of the first case and in the second case the addition of hCG to the incubation medium caused a significant drop in testosterone release by the primary tumor and in androstendione release by the metastasis. These results suggest that tissues from primary tumor and metastasis were capable of releasing steroids into the media, supporting the contention that tissue from epithelial ovarian cancers can produce and/or release steroids in its own right.
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PMID:Steroid release from two human epithelial ovarian tumors: evidence for an intrinsic production in vitro. 899 55

The presence of human beta-chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was immunohistochemically studied in 123 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Positive staining for HCG was recognized in 45 (36.6%) tumors and a statistical difference was observed between the HCG-positive (n = 45) and -negative (n = 78) groups concerning the frequency of blood vessel invasion in the primary tumor (P < 0.01). The prognosis for patients with HCG-positive carcinoma was thus significantly worse than that for patients with HCG-negative carcinoma (P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis using the Cox hazards model demonstrated the positive or negative staining of HCG to be one of the independent prognostic factors. The above findings show that, in addition to various other prognostic factors, the HCG staining status may thus also help in determining the prognosis of patients with primary colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical expression of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in colorectal carcinoma. 901 56

The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin is potentially encoded by six genes, which can be categorized into two types based on a sequence change at codon 117: GCC for the type I and GAC for the type II genes. We previously showed that, whereas type I genes were exclusively expressed in normal breast tissues, expression of type II genes was associated with malignant transformation (Bellet, D., et al. Cancer Res., 57: 516-523, 1997). We designed a simple and robust test (the CG117 assay) that measures the percentage of type II over both types of chorionic gonadotropin beta mRNAs. Normal breast tissues consistently had a negative CG117 index, whereas cancer breast tissues showed indexes ranging from 0 to 100%. The prognostic significance of the CG117 index was investigated in a series of 99 unilateral invasive primary breast cancer patients with known long-term outcome (median follow-up, 9 years). The CG117 index was positive in 48 (48.5%) of the 99 tumor mRNA samples. The index was not significantly associated with standard prognostic parameters, including clinical and macroscopic tumor size, histopathological grade, and lymph node status or steroid receptor status. Patients with a positive CG117 index in primary tumor mRNA had significantly shorter metastasis-free survival (P = 0.014) and overall survival (P = 0.038) after surgery, compared to patients with a negative index. The prognostic significance of the CG117 index persisted in Cox multivariate regression analysis, both for metastasis-free survival (P = 0.008) and overall survival (P = 0.016), together with lymph node status (P = 0.027 and P = 0.009, respectively). These findings indicate that the CG117 index may contribute to the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Prognostic value of chorionic gonadotropin beta gene transcripts in human breast carcinoma. 953 36

A human testicular choriocarcinoma cell line HKRT-II was established by the single-cell cloning method from a mixed cell culture system derived from a retroperitoneal metastatic germ cell tumor composed of a yolk-sac tumor, a choriocarcinoma, and an immature teratoma. Its primary tumor rose from the testis and was comprised of a seminoma, a yolk-sac tumor, a choriocarcinoma and an immature teratoma. The HKRT-II cells were spindle or polygonal in shape and contained multi-nucleated giant cells showing neoplasticity and pleomorphism. The cells proliferated in a stable manner, and the population doubling time was 42 hours. The chromosome numbers showed a wide distribution of aneuploidy, while the mode was in the hypertetraploid range. Double minute chromosomes and homogeneously staining regions were recognized in about 5% to 10% of the metaphase plates, respectively. Heterotransplantation was not difficult. Subcutaneous transplantation of 1 x 10(7) cells into nude mice formed a tumor composed of only a choriocarcinoma. The most noteworthy characteristics of the cell line were that it produced human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in an in vitro culture system and in in vivo grafted cells, and that the N-myc gene was amplified about 10 times.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of human choriocarcinoma cell line derived from a metastatic focus of a testicular mixed germ cell tumor. 1083 9

The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group study of patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors showed that catalytic concentration of serum lactate dehydrogenase (S-LD), serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration (S-AFP), and serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentration (S-hCG) predicted death from tumor. The recent international TNM classification (T primary tumor, N lymph node metastasis, M distant metastasis) is based on these results. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether catalytic concentration of S-LD isoenzyme 1 (S-LD-1) was a better predictor than the criteria used for the international classification. In an evaluation series of 44 patients from Odense University Hospital, Denmark, a raised S-LD-1 (>1.0 x upper limit of reference values) had a predictive value for death from tumor in 5-years observation of 46%. The predictive value was 46% for S-LD, 25% for S-AFP, and 40% for S-hCG. A normal SLD-1 had a predictive value for survival over 5-years observation of 100%. It was 81% for S-LD, 75% for SAFP, and 77% for S-hCG. The fraction of the patients who died of tumor and had a raised tumor marker value was 100% for S-LD-1, 46% for S-LD, 9% for S-AFP, and 18% for S-hCG. The fraction of patients with a normal serum tumor marker value among those who survived was 61% for S-LD-1, 81% for S-LD, 94% for SAFP, and 94% for S-hCG. A validation series of 37 patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center showed similar findings. Combining the patients in the two series, a raised value of SLD-1 classified more patients into a subgroup with an impaired survival (53%) than S-LD (35%), S-AFP (6%), or S-hCG (11%), and the high risk subgroups based on the international classification (40%). The findings have implications for the staging and treatment of patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 and prediction of death in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors. 1125 99

We describe the clinicopathologic findings in a so far unrecognized thymic tumor. The tumor occurred in a 70-year-old woman with respiratory distress but neither myasthenia gravis nor other symptoms. Metastases or another primary tumor were absent. The well-circumscribed neoplasm was located in the thymic region, measured 18 x 12 x 8 cm, and showed a homogeneous, tan-colored, soft cut surface. By histology, the tumor lacked a true capsule and a lobular growth pattern, was almost devoid of stroma, and infiltrated among remnant thymus lobules. The polygonal tumor cells formed solid sheets, trabeculae, or occurred as single cells that resembled hepatocytes. Proliferative activity was low. Portal structures, sinuses, and bile were absent as were areas of conventional thymoma, adenocarcinoma, or germ cell tumor. The tumor expressed cytokeratins 7 and 19, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and hep-Par-1. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), placental alkaline phosphatase, CD5, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD68, CD99, S-100, HMB45, desmin, actin, or neuroendocrine markers were not expressed, and intratumorous CD1a+ or TdT+ immature T cells were absent. AFP was repeatedly undetectable in the blood. Mediastinal tumor recurrence was detected 6 months after surgery. Following radiochemotherapy, the patient has remained free of disease for 26 months. We conclude that this tumor is a thymic carcinoma (WHO type C thymoma). A diagnosis of hepatoid yolk sack tumor appears unlikely considering absence of a bona fide germ cell component, lack of AFP expression, and the patient's female gender. Because of its morphologic and immunohistochemical features, we propose the term "hepatoid thymic carcinoma" for this new type of thymic carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoid thymic carcinoma: report of a case. 1504 16


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