Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared technetium-99m-MIBI (Tc-99m MIBI) with thallium-201-chloride (Tl-201) SPECT imaging in patients with lung carcinoma. In addition, we compared the imaging characteristics of Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI after radiation therapy. Thirty-seven patients with primary lung carcinoma were evaluated with SPECT imaging for metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes and brain. Patients were imaged with Tl-201 chloride images 10 and 180 min after injection. Patients were also imaged 10 min after injection of Tc-99m MIBI. The sensitivity of Tl-201 SPECT for the primary lesion and brain metastasis was 97.1% and 70.0% respectively at 10 min and 97.1% and 60.0% at 180 min. The sensitivity of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT was 97.1% (for the identification of the primary lesion) and 50.0% (for the detection of brain metastasis) at 10 min. The uptake ratios (count in tumor/count in normal lung or brain) at 10 min on the Tl-201 SPECT and on the Tc-99m MIBI SPECT were not significantly different for the primary tumor or for brain metastasis. The uptake ratios were better for Tc-99m MIBI than for Tl-201 [2.82 vs. 1.99 (p<0.05)] for mediastinal lymph nodes. Decreasing uptake ratios and retention index with both agents after radiation therapy are concordant to the follow-up clinical course. Tc-99m MIBI SPECT is more sensitive in the detection of metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes than Tl-201 SPECT.
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PMID:Thallium-201-chloride and technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT of primary and metastatic lung carcinoma. 986 15

OBJECTIVES: The authors described a case of rare histological type of primary thyroid tumor-angiosarcoma. Angiosarcoma generally represents a rare connective tissue tumor in the head and neck region. Its biological behavior is locally aggressive and destructive with a high recurrence rate. METHODS: A case of a rare histological type of primary thyroid tumor -angiosarcoma-has been described including fine needle aspiration biopsy, histology, and autopsy. RESULTS: Irrespective of the complex approach the angiosarcoma of the patient referred to was diagnosed in a radically inoperative stage of the disease. Radiation was therefore applied after the tumor mass was diminished with the partial thyroidectomy and a correct histopathological diagnosis was rendered. Nevertheless, the locally destructive course was followed with a rather rapid spread of the tumor (lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and brain). Autopsy proved with certainty that the thyroid was the primary tumor location. A suspected kidney origin due to an uncertain sonography shadow of this region was excluded with a complete absence of any neoplastic spread of the angiosarcoma in the abdominal cavity at all.
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PMID:Hemangiosarcoma of the Thyroid Gland. A case report. 1145 53

Retrospective studies of breast cancer patients suggest that primary tumor Her-2 overexpression or trastuzumab therapy is associated with a devastating complication: the development of central nervous system (brain) metastases. Herein, we present Her-2 expression trends from resected human brain metastases and data from an experimental brain metastasis assay, both indicative of a functional contribution of Her-2 to brain metastatic colonization. Of 124 archival resected brain metastases from breast cancer patients, 36.2% overexpressed Her-2, indicating an enrichment in the frequency of tumor Her-2 overexpression at this metastatic site. Using quantitative real-time PCR of laser capture microdissected epithelial cells, Her-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA levels in a cohort of 12 frozen brain metastases were increased up to 5- and 9-fold, respectively, over those of Her-2-amplified primary tumors. Co-overexpression of Her-2 and EGFR was also observed in a subset of brain metastases. We then tested the hypothesis that overexpression of Her-2 increases the colonization of breast cancer cells in the brain in vivo. A subclone of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells that selectively metastasizes to brain (231-BR) overexpressed EGFR; 231-BR cells were transfected with low (4- to 8-fold) or high (22- to 28-fold) levels of Her-2. In vivo, in a model of brain metastasis, low or high Her-2-overexpressing 231-BR clones produced comparable numbers of micrometastases in the brain as control transfectants; however, the Her-2 transfectants yielded 3-fold greater large metastases (>50 microm(2); P < 0.001). Our data indicate that Her-2 overexpression increases the outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells in the brain in this model system.
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PMID:Her-2 overexpression increases the metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells in the brain. 1748 30

A 73-year-old female patient complained of right-sided facial pain, progressive loss of hearing, giddiness when changing position, a pre-auricular swelling and lack of facial expression. Clinically there was a right-sided indolent and immovable swelling approximately 7 cm in size and an incomplete ipsilateral acute peripheral facial paralysis. Magnetic resonance tomography revealed a space-occupying lesion approximately 75 mm in diameter right temporal and multilocular metastases in the pelvis, spinal column, clavicle and skull. Histology showed this to be a well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with centers of positive immune response to GCDFP-24 (gross cystic disease fluid protein). The subsequent computed tomography of the thorax and mammography located the approximately 25 mm in size primary tumor in the left breast. After surgery and radiation therapy the TNM classification was a tubular adenocarcinoma of the left breast grade 2, T2N0M1 (OSS multiple osseous, BRA brain) stage IV.
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PMID:[Space-occupying tumor of the temporal region with facial nerve palsy, vestibular dysfunction and hearing loss]. 2116 Nov 45

Cancer ranks among the leading causes of human mortality. Cancer becomes intractable when it spreads from the primary tumor site to various organs (such as bone, lung, liver, and then brain). Unlike solid tumor cells, cancer stem cells and metastatic cancer cells grow in a non-attached (suspension) form when moving from their source to other locations in the body. Due to the non-attached growth nature, metastasis is often first detected in the circulatory systems, for instance in a lymph node near the primary tumor. Cancer research over the past several decades has primarily focused on treating solid tumors, but targeted therapy to treat cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis has yet to be developed. Because cancers undergo faster metabolism and consume more glucose than normal cells, glucose was chosen in this study as a reagent to target cancer cells. In particular, by covalently binding gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with thio-PEG (polyethylene glycol) and thio-glucose, the resulting functionalized GNPs (Glu-GNPs) were created for targeted treatment of cancer metastasis and cancer stem cells. Suspension cancer cell THP-1 (human monocytic cell line derived from acute monocytic leukemia patients) was selected because it has properties similar to cancer stem cells and has been used as a metastatic cancer cell model for in vitro studies. To take advantage of cancer cells' elevated glucose consumption over normal cells, different starvation periods were screened in order to achieve optimal treatment effects. Cancer cells were then fed using Glu-GNPs followed by X-ray irradiation treatment. For comparison, solid tumor MCF-7 cells (breast cancer cell line) were studied as well. Our irradiation experimental results show that Glu-GNPs are better irradiation sensitizers to treat THP-1 cells than MCF-7 cells, or Glu-GNPs enhance the cancer killing of THP-1 cells 20% more than X-ray irradiation alone and GNP treatment alone. This finding can help oncologists to design therapeutic strategies to target cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Treating cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis using glucose-coated gold nanoparticles. 2584 37

BACKGROUND The objective of the present research was to explore the prevalence, risk, and prognostic factors associated with bone metastases (BM) in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 36 507 HCC patients who were registered in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we enrolled 1263 with BM at the initial diagnosis of HCC from 2010 to 2014. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to estimate overall survival for different subgroups. Univariate and multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and independent prognostic factors for BM. RESULTS A total of 1567 (4.29%) HCC patients were detected with BM at initial diagnosis. Male sex, unmarried status, higher T stage, lymph node involvement, intrahepatic metastases, and extrahepatic metastases (lung or brain) were positively associated with BM. The median survival of the patients was 3.00 months (95% CI: 2.77-3.24 months). Marital status and primary tumor surgery were independently associated with the better survival. CONCLUSIONS A list of factors associated with BM occurrence and the prognosis of the advanced HCC patients with BM were found. These associated factors may provide a reference for BM screening in HCC and guide prophylactic treatment in clinical settings.
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PMID:Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bone Metastases: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Survival Estimation. 3073 23