Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 52 patients with malignant uveal melanoma treated by primary enucleation in 1977-1979 was studied to determine the frequency of immunoreactivity for cytokeratins (CK) in primary and metastatic melanoma, the CK types present, and the prognostic significance of CK expression. By immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibody (MAb) V9 to vimentin reacted with all 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumors and all 31 metastases from 11 patients. MAb CAM 5.2 to CK 8 and 18 reacted with 20 and MAb CY-90 to CK 18 with 25 primary melanomas, whereas MAb KS-B17.2 and MAb CK5 to CK 18 labeled 8 and 6 tumors, respectively. Antibodies to CK 13 and CK 19 each labeled single cells in one specimen, and other CK types were not detected. In 6 primary melanomas, only a few tumor cells were immunopositive for CK 8 and 18, but in 17 cases up to one quarter, and in 2 tumors more than one quarter, of them were labeled. The positive cells were spindle, epithelioid, or intermediate in shape, and tended to be more frequent in mixed than in spindle cell melanomas. MAbs CAM 5.2 and CY-90 did not react with any of the 16 liver metastases, but labeled 7 of 15 other metastases. Metastases were somewhat more common when the primary tumor was immunoreactive for CK 8 and 18, apparently because CKs were more frequent in mixed cell melanomas. Although CK expression is of diagnostic significance and can denote low levels of epithelioid differentiation, it is not an independent prognostic factor in malignant uveal melanoma.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and prognostic analysis of cytokeratin expression in malignant uveal melanoma. 137 96

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are firmly established diagnostic adjuvants both in vitro and in vivo. Their potential for immunotherapy is highly promising. Antigenic heterogeneity of cells within the same tumor is a well known phenomenon; however, no large-scale studies are available to ascertain to what degree metastases maintain the immunophenotype of the primary tumors. For that purpose, we studied 54 commonly epithelial malignancies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a panel of seven frequently used MAb recognizing a gamut of membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (AE-1, CAM 5.2, B72.3, MC10, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and human milk fat globule (HMFG)). The number of metastases per primary tumor ranged between 1 and 26, with a total of 344 tissues studied. Metastases were located in regional and distal lymph nodes as well as in a diversity of organs (pancreas, adrenal, colon, spleen, soft tissues, etc). Only those cases in which all the tissues were obtained from a single surgical procedure and, therefore, uniformly fixed and processed, were selected. All the metastases from three cases (5.5%) were found to express one or two antigens not present on their primary. In no case did all metastases from a positive primary become negative for one MAb. Twelve cases (18.5%) showed modifications of the phenotype in one or more metastases. This study demonstrates that a broad phenotypic variation does not follow when tumors metastasize, and that it is, therefore, safe to foretell the metastatic immunophenotype based upon that of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Tumor immunophenotype: comparison between primary neoplasm and its metastases. 232 51

This study compares the tumorigenicity of SV40 primary tumor cell lines, tsA and wild-type SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells, at two temperatures, 37 degrees C and 40.5 degrees C, inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken egg. The SV40 primary tumor cell lines varied in their efficiency of takes at 37 degrees C from 78% for the H65-90B tumor line, 73% for the H80-7A and 25% for the H80-4 line. At 40.5 degrees C the H80-4 was unable to form tumors; however, the H80-7A and H80-4 produced 70% and 20% tumors respectively. Histologically, all CAM tumors were fibrosarcomas identical to the transplanted tumors, however, the tumor(s) at 40.5 degrees C were smaller. Chinese hamster wild-type SV40-transformed cells were equally efficient (32%) at tumor production at both temperatures. The tsA-SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells (A58 and A58-2) induced 34% tumors at 37 degrees C and 9% tumors at 40.5 degrees C. At 37 degrees C these tumors were typical fibrosarcomas; however, the 40.5 degrees C tumors were smaller and less cellular, resembling a more differentiated fibrosarcoma. Therefore, the tsA Chinese hamster transformed cells were less efficient at tumor induction at the non-permissive temperature; however, the primary tumor lines also demonstrated a variability in tumorigenicity (H65-90B and H80-4). Possibly factors other than the temperature-sensitive viral protein (big "T" antigen) may be involved in establishing a tumor on the chicken CAM.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity of tsA and wild-type simian virus 40 transformed cells inoculated onto the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. 629 68

Recently, we demonstrated that an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule, C-CAM, acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. It is known that C-CAM is expressed in many epithelial cell types. In this study, we tested the possibility that C-CAM may also suppress bladder cancer progression. We used an orthotopic tumor model, which provides a relevant organ condition for examining the interaction between primary tumor cells and their microenvironment; this interaction has a critical impact on the behavior of carcinoma. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing C-CAM1 (an isoform of C-CAM) and infected the 253J B-V cell line, a tumorigenic human bladder carcinoma subline. In vitro, C-CAM1 protein was detected in C-CAM1 adenovirus-infected cells but not in antisense control virus-infected cells, and the levels of expression showed dose dependency. When these cells were injected orthotopically in nude mice, we found that the increased expression of C-CAM1 in the 253J B-V cells repressed the growth of 253J B-V-induced tumors. Taken together, these data indicate that C-CAM1 is a potent tumor suppressor in human bladder cancer.
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PMID:Suppression of human bladder cancer growth by increased expression of C-CAM1 gene in an orthotopic model. 875 7

From May 1975 until May 1980,128 operable breast cancer patients, clinical stage I-II, had a core bone marrow biopsy (BMB) from the posterior iliac crest as a part of the routine diagnostic work-up at the time of initial diagnosis. The mean age of the patients was 56 years, range 26-93. In a previous study on this material, 10 patients (7.8 per cent) were positive for tumor cells and 118 negative by conventional histopathology of BMB [1]. In 1996 we reexamined all BMB separately at two laboratories, using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins AE1-AE3, KL1, CAM 5-2 (DOP), and DC10, BA17 (MCI). The number of extrinsic cells in the bone marrow was graded positive for micrometastases when > or = 5 cells or suspicious when 1-4 cells per approximately 2 x 10(6) bone marrow cells were found, using high power field magnification. Micrometastases were detected in 17 patients (13.3 per cent) and another 8 patients were classified as suspicious. The presence of micrometastases was correlated to the axillary lymph node stage and primary tumor location. Median follow-up was 20 years. All 17 micrometastatic patients relapsed and died within 6 years of disease progression with evident osseous metastases. There was one disease-free survivor of the 8 patients with suspicious BMB after 17 years of follow-up. The median overall survival was significantly shorter in tumor-cell positive patients, being 1.9 years compared to 11.7 years in the BMB negative and BMB suspicious groups (p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical analysis of core BMB taken postoperatively may be useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with breast cancer clinical stage I-II.
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PMID:Prognostic value of bone marrow biopsy in operable breast cancer patients at the time of initial diagnosis: Results of a 20-year median follow-up. 969 8

Malignant melanoma is known to display tremendous histologic diversity. One rare variant is the rhabdoid phenotype, so called because of the appearance of cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts seen in malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney. We present the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a malignant melanoma composed entirely of rhabdoid cells. A 62-year-old man presented with a 6.5-cm lung mass. Although presumed to be a metastatic lesion, extensive workup failed to reveal a primary tumor site. Histologic sections showed a mass composed entirely of polygonal neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli and large hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive with S100 protein, vimentin, and CD56, and were focally reactive with Mart-1. Tumor cells were negative for Melan-A, tyrosinase, HMB-45, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8/ 18, CK20, CK903, CAM 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin, leukocyte common antigen, Bcl-2, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD138, kappa and lambda light chains, CD68, CD34, factor VIII, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments containing entrapped rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid. Recognition of this rare variant of malignant melanoma is important in the evaluation of tumors with rhabdoid morphology.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma with a rhabdoid phenotype: histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a case and review of the literature. 1516 28

In this study, we examine the prevalence of finding isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in negative lymph nodes of endometrial cancer patients using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-six endometrial cancer patients with lymph nodes histologically negative for metastatic disease were examined. Nodal tissue sections were stained with anticytokeratin antibodies AE-1 and CAM 5.2. Nodes with single or groups of cells (two to four cells) < or =0.2 mm and showing cytokeratin reactivity were positive for ITCs. Findings were compared to features of the primary tumor and patient outcome. ITCs were present in 31 of 1712 lymph nodes. Fifteen (19.7%) patients had ITC-positive nodes. ITCs involved only pelvic nodes in nine cases, only para-aortic nodes in five cases, and pelvic and para-aortic in one case. Tumor in adnexa was the only pathologic feature associated with nodal ITCs (P= 0.0485). All 15 patients with nodal ITCs were alive at follow-up. One (6.7%) patient suffered recurrent disease but was alive at last encounter. Disease recurred in 5 (8.8%) of 57 patients without nodal ITCs. Two are alive without disease, two alive with disease, and one died from her cancer. In summary, a significant proportion of endometrial cancer patients have ITCs detected by immunohistochemistry in histologically negative regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:Endometrial cancer patients have a significant risk of harboring isolated tumor cells in histologically negative lymph nodes. 1680 26

Malignant tumors of myoepithelial origin have been increasingly recognized at a variety of sites. Herein, we describe an example of malignant myoepithelioma arising in intracranial dura. The patient is a 47-year-old woman who presented with intracranial hemorrhage and on magnetic resonance imaging was found to have an enhancing tumor. No extracranial primary tumor was identified. A gross total resection was performed. Histologically, it varied in pattern from diffuse to focally (<10%) ductular and consisted of epitheloid to spindle cells showing marked mitotic activity. Prominent infiltration of the dura was noted. Immunohistochemical stains showed convincing expression of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2), S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopy performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue demonstrated cohesive cells with focal intermediate filament content and surface basal lamina formation at stromal interfaces. Occasional desmosomes with tonofilaments surrounded intercellular lumina containing masses of filamentous material. This example of malignant myoepithelioma is the first convincing primary salivary gland type tumor to arise in an intracranial location outside the sellar region or ear. Intracranial dura should be added to various sites at which this morphologically heterogenous tumor may arise.
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PMID:Malignant myoepithelioma of cranial dura. 1746 Apr 67

Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor metastasis, with many compounds that inhibit tumor metastasis acting through suppression of angiogenesis. We investigated anti-angiogenic properties of Ligustrazine in a series of in vitro and in vivo models. Ligustrazine inhibited VEGF-induced HUVECs migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, and had limited cytotoxicity to HUVECs and normal fibroblasts even at a dose up to 100 microg/ml. Ligustrazine also suppressed VEGF-induced rat aortic ring sprouting dose-dependently. Invivo, Ligustrazine reduced the Hb content in a Matrigel plug implanted in mice and inhibited new vessel formation in CAM. In addition, in a B16F10 spontaneous metastasis model, Ligustrazine decreased the expression of CD34 and VEGF in primary tumor tissue and reduced the number of metastasis nodi on the lung surface. Our data suggests that Ligustrazine may inhibit tumor metastasis, at least in part, through its anti-angiogenic activity.
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PMID:Ligustrazine inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasis and suppresses angiogenesis induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. 1952 24

Despite progress in treatment, progressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still limits survival dramatically, and novel therapeutic compounds are needed. Initial investigations suggest that artesunate (ART), an antimalarial drug, has antiproliferative capacities. However, antiinvasive and antimetastatic properties of ART in cancer have never been explored. Therefore, this first study was performed to (i) investigate if ART is able to inhibit invasion and metastasis in NSCLC and (ii) to identify first molecular targets and mechanisms mediating this ability. ART significantly impaired matrigel invasion of 6 NSCLC cell lines and inhibited urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity, -protein and -mRNA expression. Furthermore, in a PCR-metastasis array, ART inhibited the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-7 mRNA/protein. In luciferase reporter assays, ART downregulated MMP-2-, MMP-7- and u-PA-promoter/-enhancer activity, in parallel to AP-1- and NF-kB-transactivation. Si-RNA knockdown of u-PA, MMP-2 and MMP-7 abolished ART's ability to inhibit invasion, confirming their role as essential mediators. In vivo, ART significantly impaired primary tumor growth and metastasis in the chicken embryo metastasis (CAM) model. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that ART considerably suppresses invasion and metastasis in NSCLC, specifically targeting transcription of u-PA, MMP-2 and MMP-7, prompting immediate studies on ART as a novel therapeutic in NSCLC.
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PMID:First evidence that the antimalarial drug artesunate inhibits invasion and in vivo metastasis in lung cancer by targeting essential extracellular proteases. 2023 96


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