Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of estimating tumor cell proliferation in stage I cervical squamous carcinoma by analyzing MIB 1 immunostaining with respect to the lesion size, lymphatic spread, and clinical outcome. A possible relationship between MIB 1 index and natural killer activity was also discussed. The medical records of 34 patients with stage I squamous cervical carcinoma who had undergone primary radical surgery at the Institute of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, Ancona University, between 1988 and 1993, were recruited from our series of 57 consecutive cases and reviewed. Thirty-one patients were considered eligible for the study and evaluated for age, demographic characteristics, tumor histologic grade, tumor size, lymphatic spread, and adjuvant radiotherapy. The expression of primary tumor proliferation related to Ki67 antigen was immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal MIB 1 antibody (Immunotech, Marseille Cedex, France) on microwave oven-processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. The basal natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was evaluated against K562 cell line and expressed in lytic units for each patient. The MIB 1 immunostaining was significantly related with tumor size (P = 0.001) and lymphatic spread (P = 0.009); in contrast, there was no relationship between grade of histologic differentiation and MIB 1 immunostaining. The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed a significant independent relationship between MIB 1 immunostaining and disease-free survival (P = 0.004). The analysis of natural cytotoxicity defined a significant inverse relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte's natural killer activity and tumor MIB 1 immunostaining (r = -0.07, with P = 0.03). Our data defined the prognostic significance of tumor cell proliferation immunostaining, an interesting parameter correlated with the disease-free survival in locally advanced cervical carcinoma. The relationship between MIB 1 index and natural killer activity is interesting; natural cytotoxicity seems to be altered in the host with respect to the cervical carcinoma characteristics.
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PMID:MIB 1 immunostaining in stage I squamous cervical carcinoma: relationship with natural killer cell activity. 778 86

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological significance of Ki67 antigen expression in serous ovarian tumors, through the analysis of MIB 1 monoclonal antibody reactivity in cystoadenomas, borderline tumors, and invasive cystoadenocarcinomas; the correlation between this index of cell proliferation and clinicopathologic parameters (FIGO stage and grade, and disease-free survival) was also investigated in invasive cystoadenocarcinomas. Fifty-four patients with serous ovarian tumors, treated at the Institute of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, Ancona University, Italy, were used as study population; 10 women had serous cystoadenoma, 16 women had serous borderline tumor, and 28 women had invasive cystoadenocarcinoma. The expression of primary tumor proliferation related to Ki67 antigen was immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal MIB 1 antibody (Immunotech, Marseille Cedex, France) on microwave oven-processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Compared to cystoadenomas and borderline tumors, the tissular Ki67 antigen immunostaining was significantly higher in cystoadenocarcinomas, with the highest values in architectural grade 2 and 3 neoplasms (P < 0.001). Within the cystoadenocarcinomas, a relationship was observed between the measured proliferation index and disease FIGO stage, but it was not significant (P = 0.92). However, patients who recurred and/or had disease progression presented a primitive neoplasm with significantly higher expression of Ki67 antigen than that of patients with disease-free survival (P = 0.01). A significant relationship was observed between the Ki67 index and disease-free survival, independent of histologic grade and stage, evaluated by Cox hazards analysis (P = 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ki67 antigen immunostaining (MIB 1 monoclonal antibody) in serous ovarian tumors: index of proliferative activity with prognostic significance. 789 80

Abnormal patterns of proliferation characterize the behavior of many tumors. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 are two cell cycle antigens which are expressed in proliferative states. Our study examines the prognostic value of these cell-cycle antigens in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues from 185 patients (1980-92) were stained with the anti-PCNA antibody PC-10; 182 of these were stained with the antibody MIB-1 for Ki-67. Using PCNA (< or = 50; > 50%) and Ki-67 (< or = 10; > 10%) indices, we examined and compared metastasis-free survival (MFS) in a mixed-histotype group, as well as after subdivision into MFH and non-MFH groups. Fifty-seven patients developed metastases. The median follow-up for survivors was 6 (2-13) years. In the mixed series, the 2-year MFS for a PCNA index < or = 50 was 76%, and for an index > 50 56%. Survival predicted by Ki-67 index was comparable. PCNA index (but not Ki-67) strongly correlated with the incidence of metastasis in MFH tumors and predicted 2-year MFS of 81 vs 48%. In contrast, Ki-67 index (but not PCNA) strongly correlated with metastasis in non-MFH tumors and predicted 2-year MFS survival of 90 vs 45%. No correlation existed between PCNA and Ki-67 indices in the mixed histotype, MFH or non-MFH groups. In combination, a high PCNA and Ki-67 index correlated with poor survival, a high PCNA and lower Ki-67 index (or vice versa) with an intermediate survival, and low PCNA and Ki-67 indices with the best survival. The pattern of PCNA and Ki-67 expression raises the possibility of histotype specificity.
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PMID:Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in soft tissue sarcoma. Is prognostic significance histotype-specific? 854 44

Ependymomas are rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that occasionally disseminate along the neuraxis or to extraneural sites. Definitive criteria predictive of dissemination have yet to be determined. One hundred forty patients with CNS ependymoma (88 primary spinal and 52 primary intracranial tumors) were surgically treated by the senior author (F.J.E.) between 1986 and 1994. Sixteen patients (11.4%) demonstrated tumor dissemination. The disseminated group consisted of 11 (12.5%) of 88 primary spinal and five (9.6%) of 52 primary intracranial ependymomas. The authors retrospectively reviewed the patients with CNS ependymoma and have identified several characteristics associated with dissemination from the primary tumor site. The mean time from diagnosis to dissemination was 6.8 years. The patients with disseminated disease were younger (16.8 vs. 28.3 years old, p = 0.02), had fewer gross-total resections (29% vs. 68%, p = 0.015), and had tumors with higher proliferative indices (MIB-1 staining, 13.14% vs. 2.06%, p = 0.02). High-grade tumors had a mean proliferation index of 21%, versus 2.4% and 1.6% for myxopapillary and low-grade tumors, respectively (p = 0.0003). In contrast to previous studies, tumor histology was the most significant variable for time to dissemination as determined by multivariate analysis (p = 0.008). Myxopapillary and high-grade tumors were 3.6 and 5.6 times more likely to have a shorter time to dissemination than low-grade tumors. In addition, dissemination is associated with a worse prognosis. At follow-up review, 31% of patients with disseminated disease had died compared to 7% of patients without dissemination (p = 0.04). It is concluded that younger patients with subtotal resections, myxopapillary or high-grade histology, and tumors with high proliferative indices are at substantial risk for the development of disseminated disease during their clinical course.
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PMID:Disseminated ependymomas of the central nervous system. 881 65

Paraffin-embedded specimens from 21 patients (mean age 49 years) with malignant melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system were studied. Extraneuronal primary tumors were situated at the trunk (38%), the lower (14%) or upper extremity (10%), and the head/neck region (5%). In 33% no extraneural primary tumor could be detected. The tumor location was frontal (19%), occipital (19%), parietal, spinal, multifocally (14%, respectively), or temporal (5%). Four subtypes were distinguished according to the predominant histological cell type: pleomorphic, epithelioid, spindle- and mixed-cell tumors. 29% contained no melanin, most of them belonging to the epithelioid subtype. The morphology and immunohistochemical reactivity for different antibodies (KL-1, EMA, VIM, HMB-45, NKI-C3, S-100, and MIB-1/Ki-67) were assessed. Positive staining was demonstrated for HMB-45 (in 86% of cases), NKI-C3 (100%), S-100 (95%), vimentin (75%), and KL-1 (33%). No expression of the cytokeratin EMA could be detected. The mean proliferation index measured by MIB-1 immunoreactivity was 21%. The 4 histological subtypes were found to express different antigen patterns. In the analysis of CNS tumors of unknown origin, the panel of antibodies used for diagnosis should include HMB-45 as the most specific marker for malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma in the CNS, subtyping and immunocytochemistry. 940 2

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) tumor is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm and occurs mainly in the cervical lymph nodes. We report a mesenteric FDC tumor occurring in a 66-year-old female, that manifested with intraabdominal multifocal recurrence 7 years after resection of the primary tumor. Histologically, both primary and recurrent tumors were composed of oval to spindle cells with paley eosinophilic cytoplasms, indistinct cell borders, round to elongated nuclei with clear or finely dispersed chromatin, and medium to large nucleoli. Characteristically, the tumor cells were growing in sheets, fascicles, and sometimes in whorls and a storiform pattern. In addition, focal necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism and abnormal mitoses were also observed. The neoplastic cells were intimately admixed with small lymphocytes. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive immunoreactivity with CD21 and CD35 antibodies and by ultrastructural demonstration of convoluted interdigitating cell processes connected by scattered desmosome-like junctions. Although our case showed a low proliferative activity evaluated by MIB-1, multifocal recurrence has occurred. The clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of FDC tumors are discussed with the review of the literature.
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PMID:Follicular dendritic cell tumor of the mesentery. 952 Oct 22

Dedifferentiated chordoma, i.e. chordoma with a sarcomatous component, is a rare bone tumor. This case report is of a dedifferentiated chordoma in the sacrococcygeal region in a 50-year-old male. The patient was initially diagnosed as having a leiomyosarcoma at the first medical consultation, but after the tumor recurred it was proven to be a dedifferentiated chordoma. The primary tumor, which measured 7 x 5 cm, was located in front of the sacrum so as to compress the rectum forward. The resected specimen showed histological features of chordoma, but the presence in some parts of the tumor of spindle-shaped epithelial cells led to a misdiagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Thirty-six months later, a local recurrent tumor measuring 24 x 17 cm was identified and promptly resected. The recurrent tumor showed features of pleomorphic cell sarcoma mimicking malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In the pleomorphic sarcomatous area, many mitotic figures were seen, and the MIB-1 labeling index was greater than 40%, which was higher than that of the conventional chordoma area. From histological and immunohistochemical examination, the resected tumor was proven to be a dedifferentiated chordoma. This case highlights the importance of careful study of suspected chordoma to allow early identification of sarcomatous components. When we encounter a chordoma with a spindled epithelial component, we need to distinguish this tumor from a dedifferentiated chordoma and other spindle cell sarcomas such as leiomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Dedifferentiated chordoma: a case report. 987 97

Purpose of our study was to develop a reliable model to define clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) being at low risk and at high risk for occult retroperitoneal metastases based on pathohistological and immunohistochemical parameters in order to stratify the therapeutic approach. 3-5 paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue blocks of 149 clinical stage I NSGCT were available from all patients and were analyzed for histopathological features associated with pathological stage: presence/absence of vascular invasion, presence/absence of tunical invasion, percentage of each histological cell type present in the primary tumor. Immunohistochemical expression of MIB-1, p53, bcl-2, cathepsin D and e-cadherin was evaluated using a semiquantitative scoring ystem. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Percentage of embryonal carcinoma [%EC (p < 0.001)] and presence of vascular invasion [VI (p < 0.0001)] were the most significant independent risk factors associated with pathological stage II disease. Combination of %EC and VI allowed correct prediction of final pathological stage in 88% of patients. Cut-off values including both variables identified correct pathological stage in 131/149 patients (88%). Less than 45% EC and absence of VI correctly identified pathological stage I disease in 91.5%; more than 80% EC and presence of VI correctly predicted pathological stage II in 88% of the patients. %EC and presence/absence of VI appear to be reliable prognosticators to identify both patients at high risk and at low risk for occult retroperitoneal disease. P53, bcl-2, MIB-1, cathepsin D and e-cadherin did not appear to be of prognostic value in clinical stage I NSGCT.
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PMID:[Histopathologic and biological prognostic factors of clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Implications for risk-adjusted therapy]. 1023 39

Within the past 5 years, research has increasingly addressed molecular alterations in prostate cancer (CaP). Mutations of tumor suppressor gene p53 have been found in a variety of cancers, including urologic neoplasms. Several studies have been conducted on CaP specimens, citing frequencies of p53 alterations in localized cancers ranging from 4 to 60% and with more advanced hormone refractory disease, as high as 94%. The majority of studies have revealed a low percentage of p53 abnormalities in early-stage (clinically organ-confined) CaP. The overwhelming bulk of evidence suggests that the frequency of p53 abnormalities does increase with disease progression and is highest in tissues from patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. More recently, our group and others have found that focal p53 expression in the primary tumor by immunohistochemistry is predictive of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. bcl-2 is an oncogene critically involved in the apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein by immunohistochemistry has been commonly detected in advanced hormone refractory CaP. Our group recently has also shown that bcl-2 protein expression in primary CaP is a predictor of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, the combination of p53 and bcl-2 protein expression were both independent predictors of recurrence after surgery. Most recently, we have shown that even though p53 and bcl-2 are predictive biomarkers when sampling the radical prostatectomy specimen, they are not useful to predict postoperative recurrence when sampling the pretreatment needle biopsy. Ki-67 is an antigen of cellular proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 in archival material can be performed using the MIB-1 antibody. Unlike our results with p53 and bcl-2, Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using MIB-1 was not an independent prognostic marker for cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy although it may have clinical utility in subsets of patients. Assessment of MIB-1 staining in CaP needle biopsy samples is underway. Tumor neovascularity, or angiogenesis, is necessary for cancers to grow and metastasize. Angiogenesis in CaP as a prognostic marker has received recent attention. Most studies have used factor VIII immunohistochemical staining and increased angiogenesis has been suggested as a staging and prognostic marker. Our group has recently conducted a large study of radical prostatectomy patients and used CD34 antigen immunohistochemistry to assess neovascularity. We did not find that this biomarker assessment was an independent prognostic marker of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Further work is being conducted in needle biopsy samples. More research is needed to assess new biomarkers and, most importantly, to standardize the methodology for sampling and assaying biomarkers in heterogeneous and multifocal prostate cancer.
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PMID:Angiogenesis, p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in the progression of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. 1032 96

A 38-year-old male presented with a cystic lesion at the foramen magnum due to intracranial dissemination from a pituitary adenoma. The primary tumor had required reoperation for regrowth twice. The tumor at the foramen magnum was removed surgically. Two smaller solid tumors were located in the left parietal convexity and the right temporal lobe. The former tumor was also removed surgically and the latter was observed. Histological examination showed the typical characteristics of pituitary adenoma in both surgical specimens. Immunohistochemical staining with MIB-1 and p53 antibodies showed low (< 1%) and negative reaction. Patients with pituitary adenoma, even benign tumors, must be carefully followed up for signs of metastasis.
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PMID:Cystic lesion at the foramen magnum disseminated from a pituitary adenoma--case report. 1048 40


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