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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of giant cell type originating in the lung of a 46-year-old woman is presented. The patient complained of having a cough that had lasted for a few weeks. A chest X-ray photograph showed a tumor shadow on the left lung. Histological and cytological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed that the tumor was a kind of sarcoma. An operative procedure was selected because of tumor invasion into the trunk of the left pulmonary artery, which was discovered on computed tomography examination, and because metastatic tumor was excluded clinically. The tumor was almost encapsulated and 6 x 6 x 6 cm in size; however, it also showed invasion into the pulmonary artery and bronchial lumen. A histological survey of the tumor showed a wide range of patterns such as fibrous, pleomorphic, fascicular and osteoclast-like giant cell figures; however, the osteoclast-like giant cell area was predominant. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD68 for histiocytic marker and alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and negative for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, MT-1, desmin, myoglobin and lysosome. No primary tumor was found clinically in any part of the patient's body at 2 and 4 months after operation. Consequently, she was diagnosed as having primary giant cell malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung.
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PMID:Primary giant cell malignant fibrous histocytoma of the lung: a case report. 1036 55

One objection to using cell cultures for studying the proliferation of tumors is the potential for phenotypic changes that may occur in vitro. Here, we compared the antigen pattern expression of cultured meningioma cells with that of the primary tumor. Cell cultures established from 9 intracranial meningiomas and deparaffinized sections of the resected tumors were analyzed for immunophenotyping with the following antibodies: vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophisin, factor VIII-related antigen, CD4, CD31, CD34, CD45RB, CD68-PGM1, CD68-KP, and myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC387). Overall, the cultured meningioma cells retained the main feature of the primary tumor, being positive both for mesenchymal antigens and for epithelial antigens. Interestingly, the cultured meningioma cells abundantly expressed the CD68 antigens at early passage. The CD68 antigens, which are normally found on hematopoietic cells like macrophages and monocytes, were not detectable on meningioma cells in situ. Our results show that phenotypic changes on human meningioma cells may occur in vitro. This phenomenon suggests caution when transposing the in vitro results to the in vivo condition.
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PMID:Phenotypic change of human cultured meningioma cells. 1113 90

Three endometrial and one extrauterine endometrioid stromal tumors (three sarcomas and one stromal nodule) with a prominent component of epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm are described. The patients were 39, 48, 56 and 86 years of age. The endometrial sarcomas were described grossly as an ill-defined tan nodule and "ragged and papillary," respectively, and had the typical infiltrative pattern of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The stromal nodule was a 13-cm, well circumscribed, yellow, fleshy mass. The extrauterine tumor was probably primary in the sigmoid colon. Oval to polygonal epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm accounted for 50% to 90% of the tumor cells. The cytoplasm was granular in one case. None of the tumors contained cells with a rhabdoid appearance. Nuclear and other features did not differ from those of usual endometrial-endometrioid stromal tumors except in one case in which there was greater nuclear pleomorphism. There was strong diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of all four tumors for vimentin and for CD10 in three of three tumors tested, as well as extensive and moderate reactivity for NK1/C3 and focal weak reactivity for CD68 in two of three tumors tested. Muscle actin positivity was very focal to extensive and weak to strong in all three tumors tested, mainly in the epithelioid areas; alpha-smooth muscle actin was focally to extensively positive in the epithelioid areas of two of three tumors tested; and focal strong desmin positivity (interpreted as indicating smooth muscle metaplasia) was found in the epithelioid areas of one of four tumors. A vaginal recurrence in one case had similar cytologic features to the primary tumor but when examined initially in the absence of adequate history posed diagnostic difficulty, as did evaluation of the uterine tumor in two other cases and the extrauterine tumor in the final case. The differential in these cases is primarily with an epithelioid smooth muscle tumor when they are uterine primaries. The typical infiltration facilitates this distinction in the cases of endometrial stromal sarcomas, but this feature is usually only evident in hysterectomy specimens. In limited samples such as biopsy or curettage specimens, and in some cases of recurrent tumor, awareness that endometrial-endometrioid stromal tumors can have epithelioid cells is crucial in the formulation of the differential diagnosis. Diverse oxyphilic tumors, including deciduoid malignant mesothelioma, can potentially be in the differential diagnosis with extrauterine (endometrioid) stromal sarcomas with epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemical evaluation may potentially provide major aid in diagnosis.
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PMID:Epithelioid endometrial and endometrioid stromal tumors: a report of four cases emphasizing their distinction from epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and other oxyphilic uterine and extrauterine tumors. 1178 23

We describe the clinicopathologic findings in a so far unrecognized thymic tumor. The tumor occurred in a 70-year-old woman with respiratory distress but neither myasthenia gravis nor other symptoms. Metastases or another primary tumor were absent. The well-circumscribed neoplasm was located in the thymic region, measured 18 x 12 x 8 cm, and showed a homogeneous, tan-colored, soft cut surface. By histology, the tumor lacked a true capsule and a lobular growth pattern, was almost devoid of stroma, and infiltrated among remnant thymus lobules. The polygonal tumor cells formed solid sheets, trabeculae, or occurred as single cells that resembled hepatocytes. Proliferative activity was low. Portal structures, sinuses, and bile were absent as were areas of conventional thymoma, adenocarcinoma, or germ cell tumor. The tumor expressed cytokeratins 7 and 19, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and hep-Par-1. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), placental alkaline phosphatase, CD5, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD68, CD99, S-100, HMB45, desmin, actin, or neuroendocrine markers were not expressed, and intratumorous CD1a+ or TdT+ immature T cells were absent. AFP was repeatedly undetectable in the blood. Mediastinal tumor recurrence was detected 6 months after surgery. Following radiochemotherapy, the patient has remained free of disease for 26 months. We conclude that this tumor is a thymic carcinoma (WHO type C thymoma). A diagnosis of hepatoid yolk sack tumor appears unlikely considering absence of a bona fide germ cell component, lack of AFP expression, and the patient's female gender. Because of its morphologic and immunohistochemical features, we propose the term "hepatoid thymic carcinoma" for this new type of thymic carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoid thymic carcinoma: report of a case. 1504 16

Malignant melanoma is known to display tremendous histologic diversity. One rare variant is the rhabdoid phenotype, so called because of the appearance of cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts seen in malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney. We present the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a malignant melanoma composed entirely of rhabdoid cells. A 62-year-old man presented with a 6.5-cm lung mass. Although presumed to be a metastatic lesion, extensive workup failed to reveal a primary tumor site. Histologic sections showed a mass composed entirely of polygonal neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli and large hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive with S100 protein, vimentin, and CD56, and were focally reactive with Mart-1. Tumor cells were negative for Melan-A, tyrosinase, HMB-45, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8/ 18, CK20, CK903, CAM 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin, leukocyte common antigen, Bcl-2, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD138, kappa and lambda light chains, CD68, CD34, factor VIII, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments containing entrapped rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid. Recognition of this rare variant of malignant melanoma is important in the evaluation of tumors with rhabdoid morphology.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma with a rhabdoid phenotype: histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a case and review of the literature. 1516 28

We report extensive pseudometastasis detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining within a sentinel lymph node. An 83-year-old woman underwent simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Intraoperative frozen section of the SLNB specimen appeared histologically negative for metastasis. IHC staining for cytokeratin in permanent sections, however, showed what was reported as micrometastasis in the subcapsular sinus. Since these cells did not resemble the primary tumor cells morphologically, and had actually been called histiocytes in the frozen section, further IHC staining was done. The subcapsular cells were negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) staining, but they were positive for CD68, a macrophage marker. Thus the cytokeratin-positive cells were not metastatic breast tumor cells, but rather were histiocytes with phagocytized cytokeratin debris. This case report illustrates that IHC staining for cytokeratin in SLNB specimens for breast cancer must be supported by morphologic assessment and further appropriate staining before it can become the basis for treatment decisions.
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PMID:Breast cancer pseudometastasis in a sentinel lymph node with cytokeratin-positive debris. 1573 Apr 60

Gliomas are the most common intrinsic brain tumors. The degree of vascularization corresponds to malignancy and is related to prognosis. In order to retrieve information about tumor behavior in situ, the use of primary tissue material for experiments is advantageous. With increasing evidence for the importance of microenvironment and vascularization in tumor biology, we concentrated on the isolation of endothelial cells (EC) from primary tumor material to investigate the role of endothelium within tumor tissue. We developed a method for isolation and purification of tumor-derived endothelial cells. EC were isolated and cultivated from normal brain using tissue digestion and Percoll density gradient centrifugation resulting in a <95% of EC culture. For isolation of EC from gliomas of different malignancy grades a combination of tissue digestion, Percoll gradient centrifugation and magnetic bead sorting by anti-CD31, -VE-Cadherin and -CD 105 was employed. This approach provided a purity of <98%. Cells were classified and characterized by testing expression of CD105, CD31, VE-Cadherin, vWF, UEA-1 and measuring DiI-Ac-LDL-uptake. To exclude contamination, staining and negative selection with anti-SMA, -GFAP, and -CD68 was performed. Tumors were histopathologically diagnosed according to WHO classification. We isolated EC from normal brain (NBEC, n = 11), low-grade gliomas WHO II (LGEC, n = 22), and high-grade gliomas WHO III & IV (HGEC, n = 11). There were no clear differences in EC morphology between the different tumor grades. However, a significantly higher proliferation rate of HGEC compared to LGEC was observed as well as distinctive antigen expression. Already in early passages isolated EC showed a rapid change in antigen expression indicating a phenotypic shift under culture conditions. We could establish a protocol for reliable and reproducible isolation and culture of EC from gliomas with different WHO grading. In first phenotypical and functional analyses, NBEC, LGEC and HGEC show remarkable differences. EC from all tumors could be grown in culture. However, passage related changes of EC phenotype demand very early passages to work with.
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PMID:Isolation and culture of microvascular endothelial cells from gliomas of different WHO grades. 1615 23

A 70-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of progressive general fatigue and anorexia. A physical examination revealed severe anemic condition, mild persistent splenomegaly, and no palpable surface lymph nodes. He had pleural effusion and ascites, though no malignant cells were detected in the effusion. He eventually died without any diagnosis of his disease. Immunohistochemical staining of his tumor after autopsy showed atypical cells that were negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratin (AE1/3), keratin-20, vimentin, factor VIII, leukocyte common antigen (LCA/T200; CD45), myeloperoxidase (MPO), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), lysozyme, CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD10, CD15, CD20 (L26), CD21, CD23, CD34, CD43, CD56, CD68, CD79a, CD138, and EBER-1 in situ. Only a few scattered cells expressed CD30, but they showed no staining for anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (ALK). A few scattered cells expressed S-100 antigen and the majority of cells dominantly expressed dendritic cell-associated antigens (CD35, FDC, Ki-M1p). In conclusion, we found this unknown primary tumor to be consistent with a follicular dendritic cell tumor with anaplastic features.
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PMID:Follicular dendritic cell tumor as an unknown primary tumor. 1738 Apr 43

Vascularization and host response to malignant tumors may have common molecular regulators, therefore, we analyzed the relationship between microvessel density (MVD) and tumor infiltrating cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Density of lymphocyte subpopulations, macrophages, dendritic cells and CD34(+) microvessels was determined by immunohistochemistry in primary tumor samples from fifty-two patients with melanoma thicker than 1 mm. Intratumoral MVD did not show significant association with infiltration for any of these cell types. In the case of peritumoral reactive cell densities analyzed in the whole patient population, a positive correlation of MVD was found with CD3(+) T cell density. This association was stronger in melanomas >4.0 mm and in visceral metastatic tumors. In these subgroups similar phenomenon was observed for CD8(+) cells. We found significant correlation of MVD with CD68(+) macrophage density only in the highest thickness category, and weak associations with B-cell and dendritic cell infiltration in visceral metastatic cases. MVD did not vary significantly in tumors categorized according to thickness, localization, ulceration or histological type. However, both intratumoral MVD and macrophage infiltration were significantly higher in male patients compared to females. The correlation of immune cell density with tumor vascularization and gender differences in vascularity and macrophage infiltration of melanoma deserve further attention.
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PMID:Association of microvessel density with infiltrating cells in human cutaneous malignant melanoma. 1738 85

We analyzed the relationship among microvessel density (MVD) and tumor infiltrating cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma. We also studied the effect of hyperforin on tumor- and endothelial cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The density of lymphocyte subpopulations, macrophages, dendritic cells and CD34 + microvessels was determined by immunohistochemistry in primary tumor samples from 52 patients with melanoma thicker than 1 mm. The antiproliferative effect of hyperforin was studied on 16 human- and 7 rat cell lines and on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). Intratumoral MVD did not show significant association with infiltration for any of these cell types. In the case of peritumoral reactive cell densities analyzed in the whole patient population, significant correlation was found with CD3 + T-cell density. This association was stronger in melanomas >4.0 mm and in visceral metastatic tumors. In these subgroups similar phenomenon was observed for CD8 + cells. We found significant correlation of MVD with CD68 + macrophage density only in the highest thickness category, and weak associations with B-cell and dendritic cell infiltration in visceral metastatic cases. MVD did not vary significantly in tumors categorized according to thickness, location, ulceration or histological type. However, both intratumoral MVD and macrophage infiltration were significantly higher in male patients compared to females. Hyperforin inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In vitro, it blocked capillary formation of HDMEC on a complex extracellular matrix. Furthermore, hyperforin reduced proliferation of HDMEC, without displaying toxic effects or inducing apoptosis. In Wistar rats hyperforin inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor vascularization. Since the net outcome of the enrichment in tumor-infiltrating host cells and in tumor vascularization cannot be easily predicted, further clinicopathological studies are needed on human skin melanoma patients. Hyperforin holds the promise of being an interesting antineoplastic and antiangiogenic agent with low toxicity.
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PMID:[Examination of different factors influencing the vascularization of human cutaneous melanoma]. 1906 67


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