Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using Avidn-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method, 68 gastric cancer specimens and 20 non-cancerous stomach specimens were examined for ER. In 38 of 68 gastric cancer specimens, ER concentrations were also biochemically determined by Dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. The results showed that ER was absent in noncancerous stomach tissues. ER was present in 21 (30.9%) of gastric cancers. The ER positive cases were chiefly poorly differentiated gastric cancers. There were no significant statistical differences in the patient's age or sex, size of primary tumor and the ER positive rates. The results indicate that endocrine therapy might be useful for the ER positive gastric cancer patients.
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PMID:[Detection of estrogen receptors (ER) in gastric cancer]. 131 69

A case of choriocarcinoma of the testis metastatic to the skin is reported. In this case report the primary tumor was first diagnosed by the histopathologic findings in the cutaneous biopsy of a single nodule that appeared on the chest, with both syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic cells in the metastatic solid tumor islands. Using peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) was positive within the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The patient was treated with orchiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. With these measures there was a decrease of chorionic gonadotropin serum levels to normal limits and 2 years after this treatment there is no evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:Choriocarcinoma of the testis metastatic to the skin. 203 Feb 9

The efficacy of immunocytochemical staining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) was studied in aspiration biopsy specimens from 19 patients. Eighteen patients had prostatic carcinoma and one had hyperplasia of prostate. Specimens were obtained from both the primary tumors and metastatic sites. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed on alcohol-fixed cytology smears (some prepared up to 9 years previously) using appropriate antisera followed by an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. Results were scored according to the percentage and intensity of positively stained malignant cells. Corresponding histologic specimens were stained and scored in a similar fashion. Correlations were made between the staining characteristics of the tumor markers and grade of tumor, using the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital classification of prostate carcinoma. Overall there was good correlation between cytologic and histologic specimens for the presence of PSA and PSAP, although metastases tended to show fewer positively stained cells than the primary tumor. There was no relationship between tumor grade and percentage of positively stained cells. Ninety-three percent of aspirated primary and secondary prostatic tumors stained positively for PSAP compared with 81% for PSA. In one of 3 patients, negative staining of neoplastic cells by both PSAP and PSA was helpful in confirming the existence of a second primary tumor.
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PMID:Role of immunocytochemistry in diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia by fine needle aspiration biopsy. 242 83

The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to examine esophageal neoplasms for the tumor markers beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen (HPL), alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) before and after xenotransplantation to athymic nude mice. In addition, keratin was used as an epithelial cell marker. Immunoreactive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in four of seven primary tumors and in three of seven xenografts. Two of seven primary tumors contained HPL immunoreactive cells while four of seven tumor xenografts had HPL immunoreactivity. alpha-Fetoprotein was detected in two of seven primary tumors and in one of seven xenografts. NCA and CEA were detected in six of seven primary tumors and in all tumor xenografts. Five of seven primary neoplasms and six of seven tumor xenografts were found to contain both NCA and CEA, while one tumor and its xenografts displayed only NCA immunoreactivity. All seven primary carcinomas displayed keratin immunoreactivity, but only six of the seven xenograft tumors showed keratin positive cells. When a tumor marker was detected in a primary tumor, it was usually found in at least some of the xenografts arising from that tumor. However, marker loss did occur with repeated passage of tumors in some cases. On the other hand, markers were expressed in xenografts which were not present in the corresponding primary tumor. In three instances, HPL was detected in xenografts derived from HPL negative primary carcinomas. This was also true for CEA and NCA in one case. These results show that tumor markers are expressed to varying degrees by tumors growing as xenografts in nude mice. In primary tumors, HPL is associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and this marker was found to appear in HPL negative tumors as the tumor cells became less differentiated while growing as xenografts in nude mice.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical evaluation of primary human esophageal carcinomas and their xenografts for keratin, beta-chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen. 242 82

Patients with testis tumor were investigated for serum and tissue levels of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG). The tissue immune peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for the tumor marker was quantitated by computer-assisted immunohistophotometry and immuno-gamma ray histospectrometry. The results supported the general view that mostly polynuclear giant cells produce beta-HCG in 66% of nonseminoma cancer. This finding qualifies beta-HCG as relatively unspecific in the absence of chorioepithelial cells in the tumor. Discrepancies of tissue and serum beta-HCG values may be caused by deglycolysation of beta-HCG while penetrating the perivascular tissues. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) appears helpfully to discriminate the true seminoma cancer, which is constantly negative. Histologically pure seminoma which reacts for AFP therefore suggests sclerotic teratoma compartments. A constant finding is the significantly reduced synthesis rate of tumor markers in metastasis compared to primary tumor.
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PMID:Quantification of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG in testis tumor patients. 244 89

We and others have previously shown that human melanoma cell lines in culture synthesize alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). We have now studied melanomas from 30 patients for the presence of alpha 2M using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique on histologic sections from paraffin-embedded tissues and primary antibody raised against tumor-associated alpha 2M in rabbits. alpha 2M was detected in 10 of the 30 melanomas studied. In all but 2 cases the presence of alpha 2M was restricted to solitary tumor cells or to solitary foci of tumor tissue. In one case of melanoma almost all tumor cells were positive for alpha 2M, while in the others between 20% and 50% of tumor cells were positive. In all but one of the melanomas, the positivity was characteristic of epithelioid or large-cell type or was confined to this component in melanomas with more than one cell type. In 4 positive cases, differences in the extent of alpha 2M-containing tumor tissue were observed between primary tumor and metastases or metastases from different localizations, with equivocal trend. Clinical follow-up of the melanoma patients suggested that alpha 2M-positively tends to correlate with an unfavorable prognosis.
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PMID:Tumor-associated alpha-2-macroglobulin in human melanomas. 245 69

Tumor tissue and nontumorous tissue of 31 patients with testicular tumor were examined by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure using the primary antibody against glutathione S-transferase (GST). Histology of primary tumor was classified as seminoma in 10 cases, non-seminoma in 18 (including 2 cases of yolk sac tumor), and malignant lymphoma in 3. Tumorous tissues except one with yolk sac tumor failed to be stained with GST. The seminiferous tubules of the nontumorous testicular tissue had a positive reaction in the infant cases, but not in the adult cases. The degenerated seminiferous tubules involved in the testicular tumors also had a positive reaction in all the cases. Leydig cells had a positive reaction in all the cases. In particular, diffuse Leydig cell's hyperplasia was observed in a case with high serum beta hCG and urinary hCG levels. These data may be relevant in explaining the inherent hypofertility of these patients.
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PMID:[Histochemical study on glutathione S-transferase in patients with testicular tumor]. 265 72

A total of 81 transhepatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed on 78 patients to rule out focal or diffuse neoplastic disease; 87.6% were performed with ultrasound guidance, 6.1% with CT guidance, 3.7% intraoperatively and 1 using fluoroscopy during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Smears of the aspirated samples were cytologically evaluated with clinical and radiologic correlation; in addition, histologic examination of cell blocks was performed in 46% of the cases, ultrastructural examination in 34% of the cases and peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining in 3 cases. Ultrastructural definition of the type of malignancy was possible in 24 cases (29%). Minor complications in two patients were pain and tenderness at the puncture site. The sensitivity for malignancy was 91%, the specificity was 100%, the predictive value of positive results was 100%, and the predictive value of negative results was 73%. This series demonstrates that FNA biopsy with ultrasound guidance can provide an accurate diagnosis of malignancy and may preempt a lengthy workup in the search for a primary tumor.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of the liver. 282 16

Two undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcomas of liver were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic examination of the pleomorphic tumor cells revealed fibroblastic and histiocytic characteristics. There were no specific findings to support rhabdomyoblastic, leiomyoblastic, or epithelial differentiation. Cytoplasmic peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, alpha1-antitrypsin, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was found. No staining for epidermal or internal organ cytokeratins, desmin, myoglobin, or alpha-fetoprotein was observed. The ultrastructural correlates of the cytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant hyaline globules were large, membrane-bound, heterogenous electron-dense inclusions, probably lysosomal in origin. These inclusions did not react on either alpha1-antitrypsin or alpha1-antichymotrypsin PAP staining. Tumor specimens from two metastatic sites were also examined. Neither contained the ducts or cysts that characterized the primary tumor. These studies confirm the mesenchymal nature of this uncommon childhood neoplasm and support the suggestion that the cytoplasmic hyaline globules represent a degenerative phenomenon. There are ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 298 50

The aim of this work was to assess the presently used prognostic indicators in bladder carcinoma and also to test the prognostic value of two markers, i.e. ABH isoantigen reactivity and DNA ploidy, after methodological improvements. The study comprised all patients with newly diagnosed bladder tumors seen at Uppsala University Hospital in 1975-1978. The observation time was 5 to 9 years, averaging 6.5 years. No patient was lost to follow-up. Of the 230 transitional cell carcinomas, 66% were superficial (Tis, Ta, T1), 31% were muscle-invasive (T2, T3, T4), and six could not be staged (Tx). Primary treatment was mainly transurethral resection for superficial tumors, but was cystectomy or radiotherapy in 22 of 29 T1 G3 cases. Of the patients with superficial tumors 71% had recurrence. Progression to a higher T category occurred in 15% of Ta and 29% of T1 tumors, and half of these patients died of the disease despite close follow-up. The corrected 5-year survival rates in grades 1, 2A, 2B and 3-4 were 96, 84, 64 and 43%, and in stages Ta, T1, T2 and T3 they were 94, 69, 40 and 31%. All patients with a T4 tumor died within 4 years. Forty-five patients (20%) died of intercurrent disease. A highly standardized, semiquantitative method to determine ABH blood group isoantigens, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique, was developed. The DNA content of the primary tumor was determined by flow cytometry on material obtained from paraffin blocks. An improved method for this analysis was elaborated, based on proteolytic digestion with protease and density separation of the nuclei by Percoll centrifugation. In 195 cases it was possible to assess the DNA ploidy and the ABH reactivity in the primary biopsy. Aneuploidy and ABH negativity were noted in 39% of the cases, mainly high grade high stage tumors. ABH positive tumors were usually diploid, but ABH negative ones were more evenly aneuploid or diploid. Early progression (first 36 months) occurred in 2% of patients with diploid ABH positive tumors and in 31% of those with aneuploid ABH negative tumors (p less than 0.008). The corrected five-year survivals were 95% and 56% respectively (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognosis of transitional cell bladder carcinoma. With special reference to ABH blood group isoantigen expression and DNA analysis. 306 92


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