Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of light and electron-microscopic studies of primary pancreatic tumor and of metastasis in a new case of Pancreatic Cholera (P.C.) are reported. The primary tumor but not the metastases, contained unusual, large cystic glandular formations, lined both by pancreatic-duct- and small-intestine-like epithelia and closely connected with the endocrine proliferation. A part from a few D-cells, the endocrine tumoral cells could not be identified by histochemical stainings. Their ultrastructural pattern, with small secretory granules (diameter less than 300 nm) and numerous cytoplasmic bunches of filaments, was very similar to that of gastric and duodenal D1-cells. Normal duodenal D1-cells have been said to produce gastric inhibitory peptide, a substance structurally and biologically similar to the vasoactive intestinal peptide actually secreted by the tumor. The normal histological appearance of gastric, gallbladder, jejunal, ileal, right and left colonic mucosae is consistent with the responsibility of the tumoral secretion in the impairment of gut functions in P.C.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic cholera (W.D.H.A. syndrome). Histochemical and ultrastructural studies. 17 Jul 29

The accumulating data show that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is highly compatible with the UICC/AJCC staging classification for esophageal and gastric cancer, based on the TNM system expressing anatomical extent of disease. The great strength of EUS in staging these cancers is its ability to image the gut wall and adjacent structures in unique detail. EUS is more accurate than computed tomography in staging the depth of primary tumor invasion (T) and regional lymph node metastases (N). High frequency EUS is not useful in staging for distant metastases (M) due to limited depth of the field. EUS also has limitations in reliably distinguishing between neoplastic and inflammatory tissue. Thus, the major use of EUS is in staging rather than in diagnosis. However, initial reports indicate that EUS may be helpful in the detection of malignancy in Barrett's esophagus, in diagnosing post-operative recurrent cancer, and in evaluating the response to non-operative therapy. EUS appears to represent an important advance in the staging and follow-up of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. Instruments and techniques will continue to evolve, but the next level of research should be designed to show that the improved staging provided by EUS has clinical utility and can affect patient outcome.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of esophageal and gastric cancer. 163 69

Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in human carcinoid tumors by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, employing antisera raised to a synthetic C-terminal fragment of porcine pancreastatin. Immunohistochemistry revealed intense immunoreactivity in all tumors. By radioimmunoassay, high concentrations of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity were measured in carcinoid tumors arising from the fore-gut (mean +/- S.D. and range: 369 +/- 955 and 9.4-3670 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 14), mid-gut (mean +/- S.D. and range: 1354 +/- 1538 and 337-3978 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 5) and in metastases associated with mid-gut tumors (mean +/- S.D. and range: 684 +/- 739 and 31-2255 pmol g-1, respectively, n = 7), compared to corresponding normal tissues (less than 1.4 pmol g-1). Individuals with hepatic metastases and carcinoid syndrome had elevated circulating levels of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity (mean +/- S.D. and range: 770 +/- 1249 and 42-4120 pmol l-1; n = 12), significantly above the normal, fasting range (mean +/- S.D. and range: 14.9 +/- 7.5 and 4-37.5 pmol l-1, respectively, n = 42). However, patients with non-metastatic carcinoid tumors (n = 4), who had been clinically cured after primary tumor resection, had plasma levels within the normal range. Chromatographic analysis of extracts of primary lung and ileal tumors, hepatic metastases from ileal tumors and plasma from individuals with carcinoid syndrome revealed molecular heterogeneity of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity.
 ...
PMID:Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in human carcinoid disease. 204 45

The results of 42 cases of arterial embolisation in patients with hepatic metastases are reported. In two-thirds of the cases the primary tumor was found in the gut. In eight cases endocrine tumor dissemination was incriminated. Arterial occlusion called for use of various inert substances (e.g. Spongel, Duremere) or cyanoacrylate, but in this instance chemical embolisation was excluded. The antalgic effect of embolisation (72 percent success rate) and antipyretic effect on persistent fever (60 percent success rate) constituted the usual indications. Metastases of secreting tumors are verily more rare, nevertheless they are indubitably a major indication for embolisation, since good results are achieved concerning inopportune secretions and repeat embolisations possible are a super advantage. The good symptomatic results of embolisation must incite its consideration in unoperable but nonterminal cases whose medical therapy is no longer or simply not effective.
 ...
PMID:[Embolization of hepatic metastases]. 240 49

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant soft-tissue tumor and affects preferably skin and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. Very rarely the tumor is radiation-induced. We report the case of a 28-year-old Swiss who developed an angiosarcoma of the gut 5 years after the successful therapy of metastasising teratocarcinoma of his right testis by surgery and radiation therapy. We discuss three possible etiologies for the genesis of the angiosarcoma, which appeared rapidly after the primary tumor at an unusual site in an unusual patient.
 ...
PMID:[Angiosarcoma following teratocarcinoma: "mutation", successive malignancy or irradiation]. 280 66

Carcinoid tumors display a wider histologic spectrum than was previously thought. Some tumors may show atypical features such as glandular profiles, a spindle cell pattern, squamous or osteoid metaplasia, or pleomorphism. In rare cases they may be poorly differentiated and resemble undifferentiated carcinoma or lymphoma. As is well known, some carcinoids are associated with well-defined syndromes, such as the carcinoid or the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, due to the secretion of amines or peptides. Immunohistochemical analysis of these tumors, however, has shown that whereas one amine or peptide may predominate, most are multihormonal. These findings are also seen with the clinically silent tumors such as the foregut and hindgut carcinoids. Furthermore, the immunohistochemically demonstrated amines and peptides in the primary tumor do not necessarily correspond to those normally found in the overlying endocrine cells. An increasing number of tumors have recently been described which contain an admixture of neoplastic endocrine and nonendocrine epithelial cells. Thus, the classification of gut mucosal tumors into carcinomas and endocrine tumors has had to be modified to include those tumors which have been designated as mixed or composite tumors. These have been further subdivided into several distinctive histologic types. Some of these tumors, such as the microglandular-goblet cell carcinomas, have a distinctive clinical behavior, whereas others, such as the adenoendocrine cell carcinomas, appear to behave in a manner similar to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, there is another tumor type, namely the amphicrine tumor, which differs from the mixed tumors in that endocrine and epithelial cell constituents are present within the same cell.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoid tumors and the mixed (composite) glandular-endocrine cell carcinomas. 354 88

The distribution of infiltrating monocytes-macrophages and T-lymphocytes in 45 primary colorectal tumors and 8 metastatic lymph nodes has been investigated by immunoperoxidase labeling with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The number of lymphoreticular cells observed in tumor tissue, staged according to Dukes classification, was compared with paired normal tissue and between staged groups by statistical analysis. T-lymphocytes were not significantly elevated above the normal in either Dukes B or C stage tumors, although the IL-2 receptor (MoAb Tac) was expressed by varying numbers of T-cells in both groups. Mononuclear phagocytes increased numerically in both Dukes B (1.5-fold, P-value less than .01) and Dukes C tumors (2.5-fold, P-value less than .001) as compared to those in the uninvolved gut. In addition, the number of both total (MoAbs 3.9, 24) and stimulated mononuclear phagocytes expressing the C3b receptor (MoAb E11) was greater in metastasizing than in nonmetastasizing tumors (P-value less than .01). Thus the T-cell-to-monocyte ratio was altered from 2:1 in normal tissue to 1:1 in advanced tumors. The stromal environment around tumor cells in lymph nodes was similar to that of the primary tumor, but there was a reduction in the proportion of cells expressing the C3b receptor; unlike the primary tumor, there was virtually no infiltration of the tumor epithelium. Although there is a significant alteration in the mononuclear phagocyte population within colorectal tumors, there is no histologic evidence for a cytotoxic role for these cells.
 ...
PMID:Elevation of infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes in human colorectal tumors. 354 8

Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in a greater proportion of patients with malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring than would be accounted for by change alone. In the absence of direct lymphatic connection between these two sites, the association of these tumors has prompted several hypotheses: that the gastrointestinal lymphoma is a concomitant primary tumor; or that it is related to the swallowing and implantation of tumor cells; or that it represents the homing tendency of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Five cases are described in which malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring developed ten months to five and half years after an initial diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphoma was made. All five patients were female, and the original tumors were of the nodular lymphoma, histiocytic type in 4, and Lennert's lymphoma in 1. The tumors of Waldeyer's ring had similar cytologic features. In 1 patient with small intestinal lymphoma and recurrent tonsillar tumor five and half years later, immunoperoxidase staining of the original and recurrent tumors was positive with anti-IgA and anti-kappa antisera, thus establishing the identity of the two tumors. The reverse pattern of involvement, i.e., Waldeyer's ring tumor following gastrointestinal lymphoma, provides evidence against the concomitant primary or swallowing theories. The homing tendencies of gut-associated lymphoid tissue may offer some explanations for this interesting coincidence.
 ...
PMID:Malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring following gastrointestinal lymphoma. 677 6

Twenty-six cases of carcinoid-related mesenteric angiopathy and intestinal infarction (three from our institution and 23 previously reported cases) were reviewed. Twenty patients presented with acute abdominal findings, including peritonitis (13 cases), intestinal obstruction (five cases), and bleeding per rectum (two cases). Fifteen patients (75%) experienced antecedent symptoms of abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, averaging 2.5 years in duration. Twelve patients (46%) exhibited symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Mesenteric angiography in three cases demonstrated encasement and segmental branch narrowing or occlusion of major mesenteric vessels. Eleven patients underwent resection and primary bowel anastomosis with an early survival rate of 91%. Four additional patients who underwent lesser surgical procedures and five patients who did not undergo operation all died. Elastic vascular sclerosis (EVS) was identified in 19 of 22 cases with available histologic material (86%). These changes were observed in proximity to as well as distant to the primary tumor. In general, the severity of EVS did not correlate with the likelihood of gut ischemia. Although not the sole cause of intestinal gangrene in patients with midgut carcinoids, EVS may contribute significantly to the evolution of these ischemic changes.
 ...
PMID:Mesenteric angiopathy, intestinal gangrene, and midgut carcinoids. 728 Oct 10

Carcinoids, tumors arising from enterochromaffin cells, represent the most common type of gastrointestinal endocrine neoplasm; they are often multiple and may appear anywhere in the gut. Carcinoid tumors may also occur in bronchi and ovaries. Classic symptomatology includes secretory diarrhea, flushing, edema, bronchospasm and cutaneous teleangectasias; however, over 30% of patients with demonstrably elevated serotonin levels may not exhibit any symptoms at all. The diagnosis of carcinoid tumor is typically made by measurement of 24-hour urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoloacetic acid. Commonly, tumor localisation is established with CT, US, NMR and arteriography. MIBG scintigraphy is also used to visualize tumors deriving from neuroendocrine cells as carcinoid. These tumors may express somatostatin receptors located on the cell surface. Therefore 111In Octreotide (Octreoscan), a somatostatin analogue, can be employed for tumor localisation. A 32-years-old man with liver metastases secondary to a carcinoid tumor of unknown origin is presented. Classic carcinoid symptoms were absent. Diagnosis was supported by elevated values of urinary 5-hydroxyindolocetic acid and liver fine-needle aspiration. Abdominal US and CT scan detected only liver masses but not the primary tumor. Arteriography was not performed. 131I MIBG and 111I octreotide scans both failed in locating the primary cancer too; only the second tracer showed marked uptake in liver metastases. Beside localization, these two tracers give also informations about the following therapy especially in malignant tumors where local resection isn't an adequate treatment.
 ...
PMID:131I MIBG/111In octreotide mismatch in a patient with liver metastases secondary to a carcinoid of unknown origin. 853 97


1 2 3 4 Next >>