Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper discusses the results of an epidemiologic case-control study dealing with the risk of development of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in patients treated with radio- or chemotherapy. Out of 165 patients with primary multiple metachronous tumors, primary Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma and breast, ovarian and testicular cancer, 18 developed secondary acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia; in 13, the primary tumor had been Hodgkin's disease, in 4--breast cancer and in one--testicular cancer. Relative risk (RR) of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia proved higher in patients who had undergone radiation (RR = 6.4) or chemotherapy (RR = 1.9). Combination of those two procedures carried a higher risk, too (RR = 5.9). Relative risk of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia proved the highest in patients treated with adriamycin (11.3) and nitrogen mustard (9.9) and much lower for cyclophosphamide (RR = 1.5).
 ...
PMID:[The risk of the occurrence of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in patients with malignant neoplasms undergoing radio- and chemotherapy]. 166 2

Local control is vital for long-term survival for patients with stage III neuroblastoma, and although cure is difficult, ultimate success in stage IV neuroblastoma will necessitate control of the primary tumor as well as effective therapy of the metastases. The proper timing of surgical resection of the primary tumor is uncertain. Patients with stage III and IV neuroblastoma treated from 1977 to 1988 were retrospectively reviewed as to whether the resection was performed before or after chemotherapy. Complications assessed include significant blood loss, damage to adjacent organs, and delays before postsurgical chemotherapy could be given. Sixty patients were treated primarily at the authors' institution: 18 with stage III and 42 with stage IV disease. Chemotherapy consisted of combinations of nitrogen mustard, adriamycin, dacarbazine (DTIC), cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (MADDOC). Nine patients with stage III neuroblastoma underwent initial resection of the primary tumor before receiving chemotherapy. Three had complications, all with excessive blood loss (0.57, 2.0, and 3.0 times the estimated total blood volume [TBV]). One patient had renal infarction, and another had regrowth of the tumor before chemotherapy could be administered 35 days after surgery. There were no complications in the eight secondary explorations, four of which were complete resections. All had viable tumor in the resected specimen. Eleven of the 42 stage IV patients had primary resections, 5 of whom had complications: colocutaneous fistula, unilateral renal necrosis, chylothorax, and excessive blood loss (1.3 and 2 TBV). None of the 18 patients with delayed resection after 3 to 12 courses of chemotherapy had surgical complications with complete (14 patients), near complete (2 patients), or subtotal resections (2 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Surgical management of stage III and IV neuroblastoma: resection before or after chemotherapy? 194 91

The influence of alternate forms of nutritional support on primary tumor growth rate, tumor DNA synthesis rate, and number of lung metastases was examined in Swiss mice bearing subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). From Day 14 through 22 postimplant, mice were fed by continuous intravenous infusion of dextrose/amino acid (TPN), were offered the same solution from a feeding bottle (PO), were offered a casein-based, solid diet (CASEIN), or were infused with an electrolyte (ELECT) solution while energy and nitrogen were provided from the casein diet. Tumor weight and doubling time were decreased in the PO group compared to CASEIN; however, host weight decreased by 22% in the PO group. Tumor weight and DNA synthesis were decreased in the TPN group compared to CASEIN, and host weight increased by 4.6%. The decreased rate of tumor growth in the PO group was not reflected in a decrease in DNA synthesis, perhaps a result of the circadian pattern of DNA synthesis as previously reported for LLC. The number of metastatic lung nodules was significantly decreased in both the TPN and ELECT groups compared to PO and CASEIN, suggesting that intravenous fluid load rather than nutrient intake was the causative factor. In this host-tumor system, parenteral feeding was associated with a decrease in primary tumor weight and DNA synthesis rate, maintenance of host weight, and a decrease in pulmonary metastatic disease compared to mice fed a conventional diet.
 ...
PMID:Decreased lung metastasis and tumor growth in parenterally fed mice. 310 53

The transplantable mouse pancreas cancer cell line (MPC-83) has been established for two years, and transplanted serially into Kunming strain (KM) mice subcutaneously for 55 generations on Feb. 11, 1985. The transplantability rate in KM, BALB/C and Swiss mice was 100%. The tumor cells of some passages were stored in liquid nitrogen, and their revival was fine. It is the first transplantable pancreas cancer cell line ever established in China. The primary tumor was derived from a spontaneous pancreas cancer of a outbred male KM mouse. It was a poor-differentiated pancreatic acinar cell cancer. The transplanted tumors from all generations were similar to the primary one in both histology and histochemistry. The esterase staining was positive. By electron-microscopy, the zymogen granules were seen in the cytoplasm of its 1st, 25th and 33rd passages. The chromosome numbers in 28th, 32nd and 35th passages were hypertriploid with a modal number of 60 to 69, and some abnormal submetacentric chromosomes could be seen. The mean survival time of the tumor-bearing mice was 22 days. Metastases could be found in the lung (80%), sometimes in pancreas, omentum and other abdominal organs nearby with bloody cancerous ascites (10.5%). The fat necrosis might be noted around the tumor. These phenomena were similar to the clinical characteristics of human pancreas cancer. The preliminary therapeutic test shows that MPC-83 is sensitive to anticancer drugs such as 5-FU, Cyclophosphamide and cis-platin. This modal may be used for study of pancreas cancer, the mechanism of metastasis and antimetastatic agents of tumor, basic research and anticancer drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Transplantable mouse pancreatic acinar cancer cell line (MPC-83) and its characteristics]. 373 17

A regimen for improving the salvage rate for Stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, alveolar ridge and floor of mouth is presented. This method utilizes pre-operative sensitization of the tumor and regional lymph nodes by the topical application of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the form of Efudex (Roche). The drug must be used topically at the tumor skin or tumor-mucous membrane interface to utilize the sensitizing properties of skin or mucous membrane. Further response is obtained by direct injections of 5-FU into the tumor. Later intravenous (IV) drip of 5-FU can be used particularly at the time of surgical resection. During the period of preparation until sensitized to 5-FU, patients must be restored to positive nitrogen balance and concurrent infections are controlled. Because of the importance of nutrition in restoring immunity, a feeding gastrostomy for these patients is recommended. The definitive surgery must include all bone that is involved, as 5-FU alone will not sterilize the bone. Of 15 patients who underwent the regimen outlined in this study, 12 of the patients with Stage IV intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma have had their primary tumor controlled for 17 months to 5 years at the time of this report.
 ...
PMID:Salvage of stage IV intraoral squamous cell carcinomas with preoperative 5-fluorouracil. 394 8

Growth hormone has been shown to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, improve nitrogen balance and promote wound healing in a variety of catabolic states. Its role in the tumor-bearing host is controversial because of its potential to stimulate tumor growth. Twenty-seven Lobund/Wistar rats bearing a subcutaneous prostate tumor implant (PA-III), were randomized to receive growth hormone (1,000 mU/kg/day) or placebo (saline) in the protein-fed and protein-depleted states. Body weight, primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis were assessed to determine the effect of growth hormone and dietary protein intake on these parameters. Growth hormone significantly increased carcass weight in protein-fed animals and reduced carcass weight loss in protein-depleted animals. No stimulation of primary tumor growth occurred and tumor:body weight ratio was similar in all treatment groups. Inhibition of spontaneous pulmonary metastasis occurred following growth hormone therapy in protein-fed and protein-depleted animals. Thus, in this tumor model, growth hormone was found to support host growth selectively and inhibit pulmonary metastasis and may be used as an adjunct to treat cancer cachexia effectively in the future.
 ...
PMID:Growth hormone and prostate cancer growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing animals. 837 96

Fibrin forms part of the stroma essential for growth of solid tumors. Anticoagulants reduce primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis in murine and some human tumors. These effects may be partly mediated by reduction of intra-tumor fibrin, although there are no quantitative data to support this hypothesis. We therefore evaluated the effect of warfarin on fibrin deposition in a subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted murine tumor using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). AJ mice received no treatment (n = 6) or sodium warfarin (3.5 mg/L in drinking water, n = 5). All animals received 2 x 10(6) syngeneic Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells s.c. After 14 days, primary tumors were excised and placed in liquid nitrogen. Warfarin treatment resulted in a small, but significant (P < 0.05), decrease in wet tumor weight. Frozen sections (20 microns) were incubated with goat anti-mouse fibrin(ogen) or normal goat serum (isotypic control) and stained with FITC-conjugated rabbit anti-goat antibody. Using a Multiprobe 2001 CLSM (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA), 20 serial optical sections were taken from five, randomly chosen, high power fields (60x objective) for each slide. A threshold excluded all fluorescence except that from structural components within the tumor stroma (fibrin). The volume of fibrin in each section series was determined, and the percentage of tumor volume occupied by fibrin calculated. Intra- and inter-assay variation were assessed on serial frozen tumor sections from an untreated animal. The percentage fibrin volume was not significantly different among or within experiments, indicating that the procedure was reproducible. In controls, the median (range) volume occupied by fibrin was 8.1% (2.4-22.3%), whereas in anticoagulated animals, this was reduced to 3.7% (0.4-14.0%; P < 0.001). This is the first quantitative demonstration that warfarin reduces fibrin deposition in solid tumors. We conclude that three-dimensional CLSM is useful for the quantitation of tissue antigens and that the technique may have clinical value.
 ...
PMID:Three-dimensional visualization and quantitation of fibrin in solid tumors by confocal laser scanning microscopy. 933 18

There is a known association between lymphoid malignancy and Hodgkin's disease (HD), but the development of HD in children who have been treated for leukemia or lymphoma is very uncommon. Hodgkin's disease is, after retinoblastoma, the most common primary tumor that is associated with development of second malignant neoplasm. For reasons that remain to be determined, HD is very rare as a second malignancy [1, 2, 3]. We report the case of a eight-year-old girl who developed HD 6 years after treatment for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This case prompted us to review the published literature for cases of secondary HD in childhood. Our experience suggests that we should follow strictly our patients with ALL and be ready to intervene with invasive diagnostic procedures at the least suspicion of a second or recurrent neoplasm. The most frequent causes of second tumors are radiotherapy, genetic susceptibility and prior treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as nitrogen mustards. It is likely that any type of immunodeficiency, even without symptoms, might play a role in the development of second tumors in childhood.
 ...
PMID:Hodgkin's disease as a second malignant neoplasm in childhood: report of a case and review of the literature. 1155 36

Cytoreductive nephrectomy prior to systemic therapy significantly increases survival in patients with metastatic renal cancer. This result is generally ascribed to the benefits of resection of the primary tumor including reduction of tumor burden, removal of a source for growth factors and metastases, and enhanced immune response. On the basis of mathematical models of tumor invasion, we propose that the observed effects of cytoreductive nephrectomy may be caused by resection of the kidney rather than the cancer. The models predict that the graded metabolic acidosis associated with mild renal failure after unilateral nephrectomy may alter the dynamics of the tumor-host interface sufficiently to reduce and even reverse the rate of invasion. A review of patient data from the surgical arm of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 8949(2) trial demonstrates significantly improved survival in patients who experienced postoperative increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine compared with those who did not (17-month survival versus 4-month survival; P = 0.0007). This is generally consistent with the predictions of the mathematical models. If confirmed, these results suggest novel and broadly applicable tumor therapies.
 ...
PMID:The possible role of postoperative azotemia in enhanced survival of patients with metastatic renal cancer after cytoreductive nephrectomy. 1223 87

Cryoablation is a low-invasive surgical treatment for malignant tumors. It may induce an immunological response leading to the eradication of distant metastases or alternatively it might promote the growth of residual tumors. In this paper we confirm the occurrence of both phenomena and we describe the preventive effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation. Metastatic liver tumors were produced in BALB/c mice by the intrasplenic inoculation of colon 26 cells and cryoablation was carried out using liquid nitrogen (-170 degrees C) applied by a contact method. The value of combining cryoablation with administration of the polysaccharide preparation in the prevention of growth of residual tumors was investigated. It was shown that the number of metastatic liver nodules and the size of the primary tumor at the site of inoculation in the spleen were significantly lower when the volume that was frozen was small. The production by splenocytes of the tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha, interferon INF-gamma, and the interleukins IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly after freezing and thawing of the tumor tissue. The polysaccharide treatment significantly reduced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 following cryoablation; the production of TNF-alpha and INF-gamma was slightly promoted; the natural killer and cytotoxic T-cell activities of splenocytes were slightly enhanced. It was concluded that the polysaccharide preparation was beneficial by suppressing IL-4 and IL-10 production and might inhibit the growth of residual tumor that is sometimes induced by large-volume cryoablation.
 ...
PMID:Antitumor effects of residual tumor after cryoablation: the combined effect of residual tumor and a protein-bound polysaccharide on multiple liver metastases in a murine model. 1281 13


1 2 Next >>