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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The periods of survival which can be obtained on patients with a primary tumor of the brain after an unique or post-operative cobalt-60-irradiation is dependent of the histology: while periods of survival of several years have been obtained in case of medulloblastoma and astrocytoma, the irradiation of the multiform glioblastoma represents only a palliative measure with a temporary amelioration for any months.
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PMID:[Results of cobalt-60-irradiation of brain tumors]. 4 57

A 54-year-old man underwent abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum. Three months later, neurologic signs and symptoms developed. A brain scan, as well as angiographic studies, demonstrated a space-occupying lesion in the right parietal area. A solitary tumor was removed at craniotomy. Histologic examination revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma with a rectal primary tumor. For two years the patient remained well, but then signs of local perineal recurrence developed. Treatment with cobalt irradiation and chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed local recurrence with numerous distant metastases; however, examination of the brain failed to show a recurrent metastatic focus.
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PMID:Rectal carcinoma with solitary cerebral metastasis: report of a case and review of the literature. 46 80

This retrospective study evaluates the time and site of relapse as well as the median survival of 454 consecutive patients with T3-T4 Nx Mo breast cancer treated with radiation therapy from 1968 to 1972. Radiotherapy was delivered with kilovoltage to the first 221 patients and with cobalt to 233 patients, respectively. A group of 133 selected patients was subjected to radical mastectomy 6-8 weeks after completion of the irradiation. The incidence of first relapse was 45% within the first 18 months from starting radiotherapy. The incidence of relapse was higher in presence than in absence of regional adenopathy, with no statistical difference between T3 and T4. Inflammatory carcinoma showed the highest percent of relapse during the first 12 months (48%). The relapse rate appeared independent from type of irradiation. The site of first relapse occurred more often (68%) in areas distant from irradiation fields. Sterilization of both primary tumor and regional nodes was obtained only in 10% of patients. The median survival for the whole series was 2.5 years, with no significant difference between roentgen therapy (3 years) and cobalt (2.5 years). Unfavorable survival was directly related to the presence of regional adenopathies (2.3 years), especially in the supraclavicular fossa (1.4 years) and of inflammatory carcinoma (1.2 years). Patients treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery showed a median survival of 3.9 years compared to 2.1 years for those given only irradiation. The importance of sequentially combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy is discussed.
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PMID:Natural history and survival of inoperable breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and radiotherapy followed by radical mastectomy. 81 52

A clinical retrospective evaluation of 177 cases of carcinoma of the oropharynx treated with Cobalt therapy from 1959 to 1965 has been made. The analysis of long term results has shown that Cobalt therapy alone does not satisfactorily control carcinomas of oropharynx. In fact, less than 30% of the patients is still alive after 3 years. Survival is directly affected by the local extent of disease since, while the 5-year survival of T1 and T2 cases is respectively 26.8% and 21.5%, only 6.5% of patients with T3 carcinomas is still alive after 5 years. Particularly disappointing is the survival rate in cases with mono- or bilateral involvement of neck nodes, since none of these cases are alive 2 years after the initial therapy. In 69.4% of the cases, treatment failure has to be attributed to minimal response or early recurrence of primary tumor, while lymph node relapses have been observed in more than 25% of the cases. To allow a detailed clinical evaluation of the results, the different regions of the oropharynx should be considered separately, since differences in clinical evolution of various carcinomas would call for a different therapeutic approach. The results of this study in oropharyngeal carcinomas, indicate that improvement of long term results may only be obtained through a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.
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PMID:[Cobalt therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the oropharynx]. 101 22

This paper presents the results of a retrospective clinical study of 250 cases of monocentric carcinoma of the mucosal surface of the cheek, i.e. all the primaries treated by radiotherapy at our Institute between January 1948 and December 1965. Neoplastic lesions found at follow-up were regarded as marginal recurrences if in the proximity of the treated area and as secondary tumors in other cases. From 1948 to 1957 conventional radium therapy was the usual treatment for the primary tumor whereas from 1958 to 1965 cobalt teletherapy was given most frequently. Surgery was reserved for lymph node metastases when present on clinical examination. In our experience radiotherapy is effective in cancers of the mucosal surface of the cheek, for it checked local spread in 50.9% of cases, however treated and regardless of initial clinical appearance, whereas in the T1-T2 cases the local failure rate dropped to 35.8%. The higher the T level the greater are the difficulties confronting radiotherapy; for more extensive lesions appropriate combination therapy (radiosurgical) in line with the well-defined rules explained in the text is useful. In our experience radiotherapy yields good long term results regardless of T level and even in the more unfavorable cases. Our study confirms the low rate of lymph spread of these carcinomas: over half of the patients were N0 before treatment; only 56.7% of the patients receiving surgical treatment on the neck had histologically positive lymph nodes; there were very few neck recurrences at follow-up; the presence of suspect or frankly metastatic nodes on clinical examination, being movable and homolateral (N1), did not worsen the prognosis. However, considering the techniques used for irradiation of the primary, some patients received a substantial dose to the neck; hence radiotherapy probably played its part in the low rate of neck metastases.
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PMID:[Results of radiotherapy in a series of 250 carcinomas of the mucosal surface of the cheek (author's transl)]. 103 Aug 65

This is a retrospective analysis of 143 patients with histologically confirmed epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with definitive irradiation. Patients were treated with a combination of Cobalt-60, 4 to 6 MV X rays, and 18 to 25 MV X rays to the primary tumor and the upper necks, excluding the spinal cord at 4000 to 4500 cGy to total doses of 6000 to 7000 cGy. At 10 years the actuarial primary tumor failure rate was 15% in T1, 25% in T2, 33% in T3, and 60% in T4 lesions. The corresponding failure rate in the neck was 18% for N0, 14% for N1, and 33% for N2 and N3 lymphadenopathy. The incidence of distant metastasis was related to the stage of the cervical lymphadenopathy: 16% in patients with N0-N1 nodes compared with 40% in the N2-3 node group. The actuarial 10-year disease-free survival rate was 55% to 60% for T1-3N0-1 tumors, 45% for T1-3N2-3 tumors, 35% for T4N0-1, and 20% for T4N2-3 lesions. The overall 10-year survival rate was about 40% for patients with T1-2N0-1 tumors, 30% for those with T3 any N stage tumors, and only 10% for the patients with T4 lesions. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor stage and histological type, cranial nerve involvement, patient age, and doses of irradiation to the nasopharynx were significant prognostic factors for local/regional tumor control. Increasing doses of irradiation resulted in nasopharynx tumor control in 80% of the patients receiving 6600 to 7000 cGy and 100% of those receiving over 7000 cGy in the T1, T2, and T3 tumors. However, the tumor control rate did not rise above 55% even for doses over 7000 cGy in the T4 lesions. Local tumor control was higher in patients who had simulation (55/78 = 71%) compared with those on whom simulation was not performed (34/61 = 56%) (p = 0.10). Moreover, patients with more than 75% of the reviewed films judged as adequate had 69% primary tumor control (66/96) compared with 53% (23/43) for those with fewer than 75% adequate portal films (p = 0.07).
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PMID:Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: factors affecting prognosis. 158 46

The authors propose a new technique for the treatment of hypopharyngeal-laryngeal-tracheal tract tumors using cobalt-60 irradiation. This technique allows the simultaneous irradiation of both primary tumor and cervical lymph nodes. Therapeutically effective doses can be administered without affecting the spinal cord. The above-mentioned technique consists of 3 isocentric rotations, the widest one carried out by interposing a small lead bar shielding in the middle of the field. Dose distributions obtained in an Alderson-Rando phantom and in a patient are reported.
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PMID:[En-bloc treatment of tumors of the hypopharyngeal-laryngeal-tracheal tract with a new isocentric multipendular technic]. 237 54

This retrospective study was conducted on 255 consecutive patients with locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx or hypopharynx, treated at the Radiotherapy Department of Pordenone General Hospital between January 1975 and December 1985. All patients underwent radical surgery followed, after an interval ranging from 10 days to 2.9 months, by radiotherapy given either through a 6 MeV linear accelerator or a cobalt-60 unit. Field extension and dose delivered were comparable in relation to stage and involvement of the surgical resection margins. The aims of the study were to evaluate the survival rate and to analyze the clinical parameters which can influence the disease-free survival. The adjusted overall 5-year survival rate was 71%; stage, performance status at diagnosis, and site of the primary tumor were significant factors in determining patient prognosis, whereas infiltration of resection margins was not significant in determining loco-regional control of disease. Seventy-five patients relapsed and 67 died of cancer-related diseases whereas death in 52 patients was not related to the head and neck cancer. The combined modality treatment consisting of surgery followed by radiotherapy was well tolerated and proved to be effective in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck tumors.
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PMID:Postoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer. 271 74

Twenty-six consecutive patients with nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), were treated in a single institution using the same protocol, and all were followed for at least 48 months. The first phase of treatment consisted of two monthly cycles of combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), vincristine, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. Local treatment was then undertaken using in all cases a cobalt 60 beam to deliver 45 Gy to the entire mammary gland and lymph-draining areas. Local treatment was completed either by mastectomy, or by conservation of the breast and interstitial irradiation of the primary tumor site. Chemotherapy was resumed after completion of local treatment for a total of 6 cycles. Metastatic disease occurred in 19 of 26 patients from 8 to 55 months; five patients are alive and free of disease from 48 to 81 months. Failure to control local disease or local recurrences was noted in two of ten patients undergoing mastectomy, and in seven of 13 patients with conservation of the breast. While this difference is not statistically significant we concluded that methods of breast conservation which limit the high dose volume to the tumor site do not assure local control in IBC. The median disease-free survival and overall survival of 12 and 31 months, respectively, are not satisfactory. Better systemic treatment is needed.
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PMID:Treatment of inflammatory breast cancer with combination chemotherapy and mastectomy versus breast conservation. 334 69

Between 1968 and 1984, 49 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center. There were 6 stage I-II patients (12%) and 43 stage III-IV patients (88%). According to ethnic origin, there were 27 (55%) non-Ashkenazi Jews, 9 (18%) Ashkenazi Jews, and 13 (27%) Arabs. This distribution is different from the percentages of these ethnic groups in Northern Israel. All patients received combined cobalt 60 and 8-10 MeV electron beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor and the entire neck. Twelve stage III-IV patients received three courses of chemotherapy using bleomycin, methotrexate, and cisplatin (BMP) prior to definitive radiotherapy. The following 5-yr actuarial survival figures were achieved: all patients, 42%; stage I-II, 63%; stage III-IV, 37%; Arabs, 53%, non-Ashkenazi Jews, 47%; Ashkenazi Jews, 22%; BMP+radiotherapy, 54%; radiotherapy alone, 42%. It is concluded that there is an ethnic-related pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Northern Israel. Prognosis is better in non-Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs with early-stage lymphoepithelioma or anaplastic carcinoma, younger than 45 yr old, and receiving more than 5,500 cGy. Chemotherapy by BMP improves initial control rates with questionable benefit to long-term survival.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in Northern Israel: epidemiology and treatment results. 334 44


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