Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Messenger RNA levels of the c-fos, c-myc, c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras genes were studied in 39 tissue samples obtained from 17 patients undergoing surgery for colon carcinoma and other colon diseases. DNA extracted from the same samples was studied by Southern analysis. The tissues were tumors and grossly normal mucosa from each case and in some instances benign polyps and metastases. Our results indicate: (1) that 50% of cases studied show an increase in expression of at least one of the oncogenes studied; (2) that over-expression is not random, some cases over-expressing several of the genes studied; (3) that the expression pattern of the oncogenes studied varies between primary tumor and metastases; (4) that amplification is a rare event, being limited to one instance in which c-myc was amplified in a metastasis; (5) that cases which exhibit high levels of mRNA in one or more genes studied correlate with biologically aggressive tumors; and (6) that "non-expressors" are at higher risk for local recurrence based on correlations with mucin histochemistry.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic implications of expression of the cellular genes myc, fos, Ha-ras and Ki-ras in colon carcinoma. 304 May 97

A primary tumor of the middle ear was examined histologically, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Neuroendocrine cell differentiation, a carcinoid feature, was demonstrated by the presence of numerous argyrophil granules, as well as positive serotonin, glicentin, glucagon, and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) granules in some of the Grimelium-positive cells. Chromogranin A was also detected in the cells, but much less frequently than Grimelius-positive staining. Neither neuron-specific enolase (NSE) nor epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was demonstrated in the tumor. Mucin was demonstrated only intraluminally. Electron microscopy revealed many typical neurosecretory granules in tumor cells, but no apical mucin granules. The tumor appeared to be benign, and there has been no sign of recurrence during a postoperative period of one year.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Report of a case. 322 80

Although textbooks often state that demonstration of mucin in a metastatic carcinoma excludes the possibility of a thyroidal primary tumor, mucin recently has been reported in various types of thyroid carcinoma, particularly medullary carcinoma. The presence of mucin in papillary carcinoma has not been extensively studied, even though this tumor not uncommonly presents with lymph node metastasis. We stained 40 lymph nodes containing metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid for mucin. Mucin was demonstrable by mucicarmine stain in the colloid, luminal borders, and cytoplasm in 18 (45%), 9 (22.5%), and 7 (17.5%) cases respectively; 17 cases (42.5%) were completely negative. With alcian blue staining, mucin was seen in 9 (22.5%), 9 (22.5%), and 7 (17.5%) cases; 25 cases (62.5%) were negative. Most of the cytoplasmic vacuoles were target-like, with a peripheral rim of sulfated acid mucin and a central core of neutral mucin. The psammoma bodies stained consistently with mucicarmine, alcian blue, and periodic acid-Schiff. We conclude that papillary carcinoma of the thyroid should be included in the differential diagnoses for a mucin-producing metastatic carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Mucin production in metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. 327 7

A multivariate analysis of the pathologic data of 350 patients with primary colorectal cancer was performed. In addition to conventional parameters such as shape and size of the primary tumor, central node involvement, angioinvasive growth, grade, and stage, new variables such as the immunoreactivity patterns of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, mucin, serotonin, secretory component (SC), and the DNA index were tested for their potential prognostic value. Every variable except CA 19-9, serotonin, and DNA showed significant prognostic information in univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate analysis stage was the predictive factor with the highest hazard ratio, but absence of central node involvement, tumors with diameters between 3.5 cm and 6 cm, exophytic tumor growth, well-differentiated tumors, tumors with CEA immunoreactivity, absence for staining with serotonin, and diploid tumors also were included in the relative risk model. Thus, the aforementioned variables appear to play a role in the establishment of a prognostic index.
 ...
PMID:A multivariate analysis of pathologic prognostic indicators in large bowel cancer. 342 35

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations in 128 patients with breast cancer were measured preoperatively. The data were related to the histologic features of the primary breast carcinoma and to the clinical follow-up data. Analysis of the plasma CEA values did not show a significant correlation with the histologic type and the histologic and nuclear grade of the primary tumor (n = 73) as well as to the presence or absence of keratin, necrosis, desmoplasia, tubule formation and mucin production. Furthermore, the results indicated that high CEA values (more than 10 ng/ml) may be associated with distant metastasis and not with the metastatic spread to lymph nodes. High CEA levels were also associated with reduced survival of the patients. This study confirms our previous report suggesting that high CEA levels are correlated with tumors of endodermal origin, whereas the CEA levels were within the normal range in the tumors of ectodermal origin. In agreement with other studies, however, it was found that the predictive value of plasma CEA concentrations in general is weak, so that the use of CEA measurement for prognosis is of limited value.
 ...
PMID:Prognosis in breast carcinoma utilizing plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and histologic characteristics of the primary tumor. 344 70

Multiple clinical and pathologic factors have been analyzed retrospectively for a group of 456 patients with colon and rectal cancer treated in Glasgow over a span of 4 years. Sixty-five percent of these patients underwent curative resection, and another 16 percent had palliative resection. Obstruction and perforation (present in 19 and 5 percent, respectively) were associated with the highest operative mortality (17 percent for both) of any presenting symptom. However, when only patients who survived curative resection were considered, obstruction carried only a slightly lower 5 year survival than did other common symptoms, whereas perforation still led to only a 10 percent 5 year survival. Neither mucin production nor degree of differentiation influenced survival significantly. Adherence of the primary tumor to an adjacent organ was associated with a very poor prognosis (9 percent 5 year survival), but curative resection of the involved organs with the primary tumor increased the 5 year survival to 34 percent. Patterns of recurrence were noted to be markedly different for each primary site and for different stages. Dukes' stage was the most important overall determinant of prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Colon and rectal carcinoma in the west of Scotland. Symptoms, histologic characteristics, and outcome. 632 2

A case of mucin-positive giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is presented. Clear cells were a prominent feature of the primary tumor and constituted the majority of the metastatic deposits, a finding not usually associated with pancreatic carcinoma. Results of ultrastructural and histochemical studies are presented, and the significance of a clear cell component in metastases is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Giant cell carcinoma of pancreas with clear cell pattern in metastases. 715 10

The emerging clinical relevance of bone marrow micrometastasis has prompted several investigations, using a variety of immunocytochemical approaches. The present study was designed to evaluate some of the variables affecting the immunocytochemical detection of individual epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. Using an alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining technique, we evaluated bone marrow aspirates from 358 patients with primary carcinomas of the breast (n = 150), lung (n = 66), prostate (n = 42), or colorectum (n = 100). Individual tumor cells in cytological preparations were detected with monoclonal antibody (MAb) CK2 to the epithelial cytokeratin component 18 (CK18), which has been validated in extensive clinical studies. In addition, the utility of the broad-spectrum MAb A45-B/B3 was explored in this study. The high specificity of MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 was supported by analysis of bone marrow from 75 noncarcinoma control patients and by double-marker analysis with MAbs to mesenchymal marker proteins (CD45 and vimentin). In contrast, MAbs E29 and HMFG1, directed to mucin-like epithelial membrane proteins, cross-reacted with hematopoietic cells in 26.7-42.7% of all samples tested. The majority of the 154 positive samples (43.0%) from cancer patients displayed less than 10 CK18-positive cells per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells analyzed. The detection rate, however, was affected by blood contamination of the aspirate, the number of aspirates analyzed, and the number of marrow cells screened per aspiration site. Comparative immunostaining of bone marrow specimens with MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 indicated that downregulation of CK18 in micrometastatic carcinoma cells occurs in about 50% of the 172 samples analyzed, regardless of the primary tumor origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Methodological analysis of immunocytochemical screening for disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. 753 Jan 32

The relationship of small intestine mucin antigen (SIMA) leakage into stroma and tumor lymph node metastasis was studied by SIMA immunohistochemical stain in the cervical adenocarcinoma of uterus. The results showed that the more SIMA leakage into stroma, the more possibility of lymph node metastasis. There was no difference between the SIMA staining intensity in the primary tumor or metastatic tumor. Mucin leakage into stroma may play an important role in cervical adenocarcinoma metastasis.
 ...
PMID:[SIMA leakage into stroma and lymph node metastasis in cervical adenocarcinoma]. 765 85

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is uncommon and the histopathologic predictors of patient survival with this disease have not been investigated extensively. The clinicopathologic features of 35 patients with pseudomyxomatous peritoneal implants (implants that produced extracellular mucin) were compared with a control group of 90 consecutive patients with peritoneal implants without extracellular mucin. The histologic patterns of these nonpseudomyxomatous implants were as follows: glandular, 43%; serous, 21%; signet ring, 20%; solid, 13%; and clear cell, 2%. The pseudomyxomatous implants were more likely to have originated from a mucinous epithelial tumor of the appendix (31% vs 1%). Other primary sites produced pseudomyxomatous and nonpseudomyxomatous implants with similar frequency: colon (26% vs 30%), ovary (23% vs 16%), stomach (11% vs 10%), small intestine (3% vs 1%), urinary bladder (3% vs 1%), endometrium (0% vs 10%), prostate gland (0% vs 6%), and unknown (3% vs 15%). Three-year follow-up was available for 29 of 35 and 71 of 90 patients with and without extracellular mucin in their implants, respectively. The patients with pseudomyxomatous implants survived longer (24% vs 4% survival at 3 years). Three-year follow-up was available for 90 of 110 and 10 of 15 patients with and without invasion in the primary tumor or its peritoneal implants, respectively. The patients without invasive tumors survived longer (80% vs 4% survival at 3 years). Invasion in the primary tumor or its implants, present in 21 of 35 pseudomyxomatous implants, eliminated any improved survival associated with the presence of extracellular mucin. Prolonged survival in pseudomyxoma peritonei was associated with the histologic findings of noninvasive implants arising from mucinous epithelial tumors of low malignant potential histology. In our study, such tumors originated in the appendix (eight cases [23%]) and ovary (five cases [14%]) among the total number of 35 patients.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Histologic predictors of patient survival. 797 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>