Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1966 and 1986, 14 patients with histologically verified cerebellar medulloblastomas were seen at J. Bordet Institute after total (4 cases) or partial (10 cases) tumor removal. Twelve received postoperative irradiation after some courses of chemotherapy (Vincristine, Procarbazine, Methotrexate) for 5. In 10 cases the X ray treatment was given to the whole cerebrospinal axis with approximately 50 Gy delivered to the primary tumor site, 25-35 Gy to the remaining brain and spinal cord. As in other series of the literature the long term prognosis is not too good, with approximately 50% of the patients surviving more than 5 years. Failure at the primary site happened in 4 cases. As a consequence of the small number of patients treated, no conclusion can be drawn from risk factor analysis. Yet it appears that younger patients fared better than older ones. A detailed description of the side effects of the treatment is therefore given for the five children treated at prepubertal age: some growth impairment seems to be the rule, a consequence of GH deficiency--if not compensated--and of the direct effect of ionizing radiation on the vertebral bodies. While discussing the progress of neurosurgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of medulloblastoma, the authors emphasize the need of more efficient adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and the interest of multicenter trial for evaluating them.
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PMID:[Medulloblastoma: analysis of 14 cases treated at the J. Bordet Institute and literature review]. 156 1

We have evaluated the role of radiotherapy in providing local control of primary tumors and to palliate metastases from neuroblastoma (NB). Fifty-five children with histologically verified NB were evaluated and treated from 1967 to 1984. In univariate analysis, the actuarial survival of eight children with thoracic primaries (85%) was significantly better than the survival of 39 children with intra-abdominal primaries (35%, p = 0.0287). The survival of 28 children less than or equal to 18 months of age at diagnoses was 73%, whereas 27 children older than 18 months had a survival probability of 10% (p = 0.0001). The survival by Evans stage was: I 100% (2 patients), II 85% (7), III 60% (13), IV 4% (27) and IV-S 100% (6). According to the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) staging system, the survival was: A 100% (3), B 66% (9), C 66% (9), D 23% (34). A multivariable analysis indicated that the Evans staging system was a more powerful indicator of prognosis than the POG system. The analysis also indicated that Evans stage and patient age were independent determinants of survival. The primary tumor site did not add significant prognostic information beyond these two factors. Children with Stage I disease were treated with surgery alone. Most children with Stages II and III disease were treated with surgery, irradiation, and Cyclophosphamide or Cyclophosphamide plus Vincristine. All seven patients with Stage II disease received post-operative irradiation to the primary tumor and were locally controlled with doses of 4.8 to 26.5 Gy. Eleven of the 13 patients with Stage III disease were irradiated post-operatively. Seven of these 11 patients were locally controlled with doses of 12 to 48.4 Gy. The four Stage III patients with in-field recurrences were older children with large radiotherapy fields and/or low doses administered. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group pain score system was used to evaluate response of painful bony metastases to irradiation. A response was observed in 65% of the sites irradiated. A response was observed at 67% of the soft tissue metastases irradiated. Hepatomegaly causing respiratory embarrassment or inferior vena cava obstruction was treated with irradiation in seven patients. All patients responded with doses ranging from 5 to 24.4 Gy. Five of the 17 children who survived for more than 5 years following treatment had significant scoliosis or kyphosis secondary to vertebral body abnormalities in irradiated bones. All five children were irradiated at a young age with megavoltage equipment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Radiation therapy in the management of neuroblastoma: the Duke University Medical Center experience 1967-1984. 242 88

Seventeen patients with malignant brain tumors have been treated by local application of human leukocyte interferon-alpha (HLI-alpha) in addition to radiation; eight of these patients also received chemotherapy. Twelve patients were treated for primary tumor and five for recurrence. After partial removal (or biopsy), an Ommaya reservoir was placed with its catheter in the tumor cavity, and 3 Gy was given to the whole brain in 2 weeks with a local boost of 1.5 Gy in 1 week. During radiation therapy HLI-alpha (2 x 10(6) U) was given through the Ommaya reservoir two or three times per week. Vincristine (2 mg) was given during radiation therapy weekly and in combination with cisplatin (60-80 mg) every other week. Four patients are alive and well 11, 14, 15, and 30 months after treatment and 5 have died without tumor. The fact that the patients did not survive despite the effective local tumor control suggests that, at least in some of them, degenerative changes in the brain tissue as a result of the combined treatment might have been the cause of death.
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PMID:Intratumor application of human leukocyte interferon-alpha in patients with malignant brain tumors. 253 12

Patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer were initially randomized to receive either three courses of Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and Vincristine (CAV) followed by three courses of VP-16 and Cis-platin (VP-PT) or six courses of alternating CAV and VP-PT. Responding patients received prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI) after three courses of chemotherapy (CT) and loco-regional thoracic radiation (LRTR) after six courses. No maintenance chemotherapy was given. Patients receiving LRTR were randomized to receive either 25 Gy in ten fractions over 2 weeks (SD) or 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks (HD). In both arms the pre-chemotherapy disease was treated with a 2 cm margin around the primary tumor volume. The mediastinum was included in the treatment volume and the supraclavicular nodes were also included if involved originally. The spinal cord was shielded after 32 Gy. Of the 333 patients enrolled by the time the trial closed in October 1984, 168 were eventually randomized to LRTR and are eligible for response assessment. The overall response rate after combined RT and CT was 94% (CR 67%, PR 27%). The CR rate for SD was 65% and for HD 69%. The combined treatment was well tolerated by most patients. Forty-nine percent of HD patients developed dysphagia compared to 26% of those SD (p less than 0.01). At the time of this analysis the median duration of follow-up since randomization to radiotherapy is 30 months. The median local progression-free survival on HD is 49 weeks. On SD it is 38 weeks (p = 0.05, one sided). The actuarial incidence of local progression by 2 years is 69% on HD and 80% on LD. There is as yet no significant difference in overall survival between the two arms. It appears that HD radiotherapy as administered in this study may have an impact on local control, but it is too early to determine if this will translate into a survival benefit.
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PMID:The effect of dose of thoracic irradiation on recurrence in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer. Initial results of a Canadian Multicenter Randomized Trial. 282 89

High-dose chemotherapy with BCNU, melphalan, or both, followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been reported to produce response rates in excess of 60% in patients with advanced melanoma. We tested doses of BCNU associated with reversible bone marrow toxicity and acceptable extramedullary toxicity without the use of ABMT in 19 patients with a diagnosis of advanced malignant melanoma. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 18 were evaluable for response; one patient had a new primary tumor. The patient population had a median age of 44 years (range, 16 to 71) and a median Karnofsky performance status of 80 (range, 50 to 100). Ten were women and nine were men, all had visceral dominant disease, and none had received previous chemotherapy. Our purpose was to test the feasibility of treatment without ABMT, its toxicity and efficacy, and the possibility of administering sequential repeated courses of therapy. Vincristine was added to the regimen to potentially increase efficacy. Treatment consisted of BCNU (750 mg/m2) and vincristine (2 mg days 1 and 8). Six patients who recovered bone marrow function received melphalan (60 mg/m2) and vincristine (2 mg days 1 and 8). Twenty-two percent (95% confidence limits, 3% to 39%) of patients had remissions (all partial) and these were of short duration. Toxicity was substantial with 16% early lethality and 29% incidence of lethal drug-related complications. Two patients (11%) died toxic after a second course of BCNU. Our results suggest that there is no practical role for high-dose BCNU in the treatment of melanoma.
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PMID:High-dose chemotherapy without autologous bone marrow transplantation in melanoma. 353 18

The Lewis lung carcinoma, implanted in the footpad of BDF1 mice, was used for testing a preoperative chemotherapeutic treatment in comparison to a postoperative one, or to surgery alone. We administered both drugs effective in this model (Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, CCNU), as well as ineffective ones (Ftorafur, Methyl-GAG, Vincristine) in order to study all the possible influences on the treatment outcome. In nine different experiments one active and one inactive drug were always compared in various schedules. Groups with surgery alone at an early or later stage were used as controls. The results showed that preoperative adjuvant treatment with an active drug decisively improved the survival time and the number of cured animals compared to surgery alone. The administration of an inactive drug and postponement of surgery decreased the number of cures, while the lifespan of the animals dying from lung metastases was not influenced. An improved treatment outcome compared to surgery alone resulted in cases where the preoperative inactive treatment was replaced by postoperative treatment with an active drug-a procedure also common and applicable for clinical practice. The body weight of the animals, noted as a sign of toxicity, was lowered when a cytostatic drug was used in addition to removal of the primary tumor. There was no difference between pre- or postoperative and repeated administrations. Based on these results preoperative adjuvant cytostatic treatment with histological control of response and decision for postoperative adjuvant treatment is recommended for clinical practice.
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PMID:Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy in the murine Lewis lung carcinoma and possible implications for clinical use. 359 36

Seventy-nine patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) received treatment at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1962 and 1985. The patients ranged in age from 4 months to 74 years with a median age of 6 years. Forty-six patients were male and 33 were female. The primary tumor site of RMS was the same as in the previous report. The head and neck region was the most frequent site (40.5%), followed by the extremities (34.1%), genitourinary region (15.2%), trunk (5.1%) and retroperitoneum (5.1%). Histologic types were embryonal RMS in 45 patients, alveolar RMS in 23 patients, pleomorphic RMS in 8 patients and unclassified RMS in 3 patients. As of October 1985, 14 of the 79 patients were still alive. Between 1962 and 1971, 38 patients were not treated by any protocol. After 1972, 41 patients received treatment using a 3 stage-related, multiple-modality program. In the first protocol, chemotherapy consisted of Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, and Actinomycin-D, and 1 of 18 patients have survived more than 5 years. The cumulative 5-year survival rate of the first protocol was 11.1%. In the second treatment program, which involved Adriamycin in addition to the 3 drugs cited above, 4 of 23 patients have survived more than 5 years. The cumulative 5-year survival rate, 33.2%, was very improved.
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PMID:[Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma at the National Cancer Center Hospital]. 359 4

Thirty-seven patients with measurable deposits or primary lesions arising from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with 1 mg/m2/week of vincristine. One complete response lasting 7 months was seen among the 23 patients with metastatic disease. Two partial responses were seen among the 14 patients with persistent primary tumor. Vincristine is not recommended for further evaluation as a single agent in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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PMID:Vincristine in advanced bladder cancer: a European organization for research on treatment of cancer (EORTC) phase II study. 686 Nov 63

In the period January 1974-August 1981, 16 previously untreated cases of Ewing's Sarcoma have been diagnosed at the Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital Genova. Eight were male, eight female. Median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Two patients presented with a unique metastatic lesion, in the right lung and in an illiac lymph node, respectively. Fourteen patients have been initially treated with local radiotherapy (dosages ranging form 4,800 to 6,600 rads) in association with antiblastic polichemotherapy utilizing 4 drugs (Adriamycin, Actinomycin D, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide). The Rosen et al.'s T-2 protocol was adopted, modifying the initial phase in order to give more weight to Adriamycin and reduce the toxic effects related to radio-chemotherapy combination. Two patients bearing a costal primary were immediately treated with a more complex and aggressive chemotherapy (T-6 Protocol), followed by local irradiation (in one case preceded by surgical ablation) and then chemotherapy again (T-2 protocol, second phase) for 10 months. Treatment determined a fast subjective relief in the 13 symptomatic patients. All 16 cases achieved a status of complete remission. Four of them subsequently relapsed: locally in two, in distant sites in the remaining 2. All 4 died 12-27 months form diagnosis. Twelve patients are presently alive without evidence of disease at 3-92 months (median 37 months) following diagnosis. Treatment has caused early and delayed toxicity in all cases. However, the entity of these complications varied considerably from one patient to an other. Age at diagnosis and site of primary tumor were the factors most relevant in this respect.
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PMID:[Ewing's sarcoma. Results of treatment in 16 consecutive cases]. 717 Jan 99

Balb/C mice were implanted with tumor cells from primary tumor in donor animals bearing renal cell adenocarcinoma. Survival time, tumor growth and metastatic occurrence in treated animals were not significantly improved by high dose Methyl-CCNU, CCNU or Vincristine. It was also concluded that the dose levels of Methyl-CCNU and CCNU used for this study were highly toxic causing early death in the animals. Such studies thus fail to support clinical hopes that these agents would be effective for chemotherapy regimens in human renal tumors.
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PMID:Evaluation of vincristine, CCNU and methyl-CCNU at high level doses in an experimental murine renal adenocarcinoma model. 725 84


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