Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0677930 (primary tumor)
 20,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study of 232 patients with histologically confirmed large bowel carcinoma, patient- and tumor-related characteristics were examined and their effect on prognosis was determined. Serum alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations, symptom duration prior to diagnosis of the primary tumor, and the status of the primary tumor showed the strongest relationship to survival after diagnosis of surgically noncurable disease. Patients who had normal serum alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations, patients whose symptoms lasted over 12 months before diagnosis, and patients whose primary tumor had been resected before diagnosis of noncurable disease had a good prognosis. Performance status, weight loss, sex, presence of liver metastasis, hemoglobin concentration, and absolute lymphocyte or monocyte counts in the peripheral blood, at time of diagnosis of surgically noncurable disease, were significant factors when examined individually. One hundred seventy-nine patients with metastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver were selected from 601 patients who received chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer over 10-year periods to compare the efficacy of hepatic-artery infusion therapy with that of intravenous 5-fluoropyrimidine--containing chemotherapy. The two groups were similar with respect to prognostic factors. The hepatic-artery infusion chemotherapy produced a higher response rate than intravenous chemotherapy, but did not result in significant prolongation of survival.
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PMID:Prognostic factors influencing survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer: hepatic-artery infusion versus systemic intravenous chemotherapy for liver metastases. 669 69

Fresh-brewed regular coffee at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% was consumed ad libitum as the sole fluid intake of F1 Sprague-Dawley rats (55 male and 55 female/group), derived from P0-treated females which were provided 50% coffee for about 5 weeks prior to copulation and throughout gestation and lactation. P0 males, P0 control females, and two groups of F1 control rats received tap water. Ten rats/sex/level were killed and examined after 1 year; survivors were killed after 2 years. Smaller mean body weights (50 and 100% coffee concentrations) occurred with increased feed and liquid consumption. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, BUN, and calcium values occasionally were elevated. Serum cholesterol levels at 2 years were elevated in males (25 and 100%) and at 1 and 2 years in females (100%). Bone calcium was slightly reduced in females consuming 25 or 100% coffee for 1 year, but not after 2 years. Treatment-related increases in relative weights of lungs, kidneys, liver, and epididymides were recorded. Significantly increased mortality was observed in females receiving 50 or 100% coffee. There also was some evidence of a relationship between coffee consumption and the number of primary tumor-bearing animals; however, this finding appeared ambiguous, dependent on the assumption that tumors were the probable cause of death.
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PMID:Two-year toxicity/carcinogenicity study of fresh-brewed coffee in rats initially exposed in utero. 674 Jun 85

The charts of 106 patients with metastasis from an unknown primary cancer were reviewed to formulate a more appropriate investigative strategy than is presently employed. The spinal column was the most common site for initial presentation of metastatic disease (26.5 percent). The primary tumor was identified before death in 31.3 percent of patients and after death in 6.6 percent. Lung cancer was found in 40 percent of patients with identified primary tumors. Diagnostic studies directed at specific symptoms had a significantly greater yield. Electroencephalograms, gallium scans, thyroid scans, and mammograms were not useful as screening studies. Conversely, bone scans were positive in 46.5 percent of asymptomatic patients and in 88 percent of symptomatic patients. Chest roentgenograms were suggestive of malignant tumors in 43.6 percent of patients. Results of liver scans were predictable on the basis of changes in the alkaline phosphatase level and clinical liver examination. History and physical examination should clearly document the stage of disease, evaluate possible primary sites, and rule out impending acute complications. Chest roentgenograms and bone scans should be obtained early and open biopsy of accessible lesions scheduled promptly. Efforts should be directed at ruling out the more treatable malignant tumors. Further work-up is then indicated only by the development of specific symptomatology. Since median patient survival after initial presentation is only 6.6 months, prolonged hospitalization for numerous nonproductive diagnostic tests seems inappropriate.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant disease of unknown origin. 683 85

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma in which up to 32% of the abnormally increased alkaline phosphatase activity in serum was contributed by a variant alkaline phosphatase originating in the primary tumor and its secondary deposits. The variant enzyme was probably an altered form of normal renal alkaline phosphatase. The rest of the alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum was of hepatic origin, but no abnormality of the liver was discovered at autopsy.
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PMID:A variant alkaline phosphatase in renal cell carcinoma. 705 61

A patient with hyperparathyroidism due to a functioning parathyroid carcinoma presented with distinctive clinical and laboratory features, including high serum calcium levels, roentgenographic signs of severe bone disease, a markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase level, a palpable cervical mass, and a high parathyroid hormone level. Treatment of parathyroid carcinoma requires en bloc resection of the ipsilateral thyroid lobe and isthmus for the primary tumor and ispilateral neck dissection for metastatic disease. Because the tumor grows slowly, recurrences should be resected to provide relief of hypercalcemia, the usual cause of death.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. 739 22

The emerging clinical relevance of bone marrow micrometastasis has prompted several investigations, using a variety of immunocytochemical approaches. The present study was designed to evaluate some of the variables affecting the immunocytochemical detection of individual epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. Using an alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining technique, we evaluated bone marrow aspirates from 358 patients with primary carcinomas of the breast (n = 150), lung (n = 66), prostate (n = 42), or colorectum (n = 100). Individual tumor cells in cytological preparations were detected with monoclonal antibody (MAb) CK2 to the epithelial cytokeratin component 18 (CK18), which has been validated in extensive clinical studies. In addition, the utility of the broad-spectrum MAb A45-B/B3 was explored in this study. The high specificity of MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 was supported by analysis of bone marrow from 75 noncarcinoma control patients and by double-marker analysis with MAbs to mesenchymal marker proteins (CD45 and vimentin). In contrast, MAbs E29 and HMFG1, directed to mucin-like epithelial membrane proteins, cross-reacted with hematopoietic cells in 26.7-42.7% of all samples tested. The majority of the 154 positive samples (43.0%) from cancer patients displayed less than 10 CK18-positive cells per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells analyzed. The detection rate, however, was affected by blood contamination of the aspirate, the number of aspirates analyzed, and the number of marrow cells screened per aspiration site. Comparative immunostaining of bone marrow specimens with MAbs CK2 and A45-B/B3 indicated that downregulation of CK18 in micrometastatic carcinoma cells occurs in about 50% of the 172 samples analyzed, regardless of the primary tumor origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Methodological analysis of immunocytochemical screening for disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. 753 Jan 32

Six clonal cells were established from a canine osteosarcoma cell line (POS) by a limiting dilution method using feeder cells. Whereas histology of mass developed in nude mice by transplantation of POS cells revealed various cell types, clonal cells were morphologically consistent in size and shape. Doubling time of clonal cells ranged from 30 +/- 1.4 to 54 +/- 1.3 hr and alkaline phosphatase activity ranged from 0.040 +/- 0.001 to 2.61 +/- 0.435 mumol/min/mg protein depending on the cell types. When transplanted into nude mice, each clonal cell type formed following four histological types; osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, and undifferentiated types. Since each histological feature was found simultaneously in the primary tumor, osteosarcoma tissue might be a complex of various types of cells having different characteristics. Therefore, POS clonal cells may be useful as a potential tool for the studies of differentiation, phenotypic expression, and a new therapeutic modality of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Cloning of canine osteosarcoma cells. 775 19

Factors that influence early events of primary tumor development have been cumbersome to evaluate because of the need to either wait for tumor palpability after experimental manipulation or use of radiolabel to evaluate cell clearance. To facilitate these and similar analyses of cells in vivo, new methods are described that utilize histochemical marker genes to quantitate tumor cell number in a target tissue through the use of luminescent, enzymatic assays for these gene products. 3T3 Cells transfected with either human placental alkaline phosphatase or bacterial lacZ genes were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. Using luminescent substrates designed for marker gene enzymes, extracts from homogenized tumor cell-bearing skins were assayed for the corresponding marker enzyme activities, which were optimized for recovery from skin extracts and correlated to cell number. The homogenization buffer used for these assays was designed to accommodate the optimal and simultaneous recovery of cytosolic beta-galactosidase and membrane-linked alkaline phosphatase from the skin, as well as from cultured cells. These assays provide an inexpensive, sensitive method for quantitatively monitoring the fate of cells genetically tagged with marker genes in various in vivo environments.
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PMID:Quantitation of two histochemical markers in the same extract using chemiluminescent substrates. 781 4

Occult dissemination of tumor cells mainly determines the prognosis of patients with primary prostate cancer. The effect of androgen deprivation on micrometastatic tumor cells in these patients is currently unknown. We therefore used an immunocytochemical assay with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against epithelial cytoskeleton proteins (i.e., cytokeratins) to monitor the concentration of isolated tumor cells in the bone marrow of 36 prostate cancer patients (stage C), who underwent hormonal androgen deprivation with Flutamide and Leuprorelin acetate. Tumor cells in cytologic bone marrow preparations were detected using an assay that employed the MAb CK2 directed against cytokeratin (CK) 18 and the alkaline anti-alkaline phosphatase staining method. Prior to therapy, we detected between 1 and 38 CK-positive cells per sample of 2 x 10(6) nucleated cells in 21 patients, while the remaining 15 patients displayed tumor-free marrow samples. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of CK-positive cells and the volume of hypo-echogenic lesions as an indicator of the primary tumor volume or the serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). After androgen deprivation, 20 of the 21 initially positive patients either became negative (n = 16) or showed at least a reduction in the concentration of CK-positive cells (n = 4). Moreover, only 2 of the 15 patients with negative pre-treatment findings became positive. All of the 7 patients with remaining tumor cells in the bone marrow after therapy showed no detectable amounts of PSA in their serum. Our findings suggest that serum PSA concentration is no indicator of micrometastatic disease in bone marrow. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation appears to eliminate disseminated CK-positive tumor cells present in bone marrow, a preferred site of overt metastasis in prostate cancer patients.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical monitoring of micrometastatic disease: reduction of prostate cancer cells in bone marrow by androgen deprivation. 917 3

Dimorphous cancer of the lung with predominantly peripheral localization was diagnosed in 9 (1.2%) out of 716 patients operated for lung tumor in 1986-1995. The blood-serum levels of neuron-specific enolase, tissue polypeptide antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoptotein, CA 19-9 and CA-125 carbohydrate antigens and total activity of alkaline phosphatase were assayed in all the patients before surgery. The study showed an 1.5-times increase in CEA concentration in 5 cases, with primary tumor size being 5 cm and more.
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PMID:[Dimorphous cancer of the lung]. 921 24


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